-bacter

{{Short description|Suffix used in microbiology}} thumb|Turicibacter Colony The suffix '''-bacter''' is used in microbiology for many genera and is intended to mean "bacteria".

==Meaning== {{wikt}} Bacter is a Neo-Latin (i.e. Modern Latin) term coined from bacterium, which in turn derives from the Greek ''βακτήριον'', meaning small staff (diminutive of βακτηρία). Consequently, it formally means "rod". It differs from the suffix ''-bacterium'' in grammatical gender, as the suffix ''-bacter'' is male, whereas the suffix ''-bacterium'') is neuter; this was decided in Juridical (or Judicial) Opinion n° 3 of the Bacteriological Code.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1099/0096266X-1-2-36|author=vv.aa.|title=Opinion No. 3.: The Gender of Generic Names Ending in -Bacter.|journal= International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy|date=April 1951|volume=1|pages=36–37|issue=2|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Nevertheless, for historical reasons, two archaeal species finish in -bacter: ''Methanobrevibacter'' and ''Methanothermobacter''.

==Usage== {{see also|Bacterial taxonomy}} Juridical Opinion n° 2 in the Bacteriological Code discusses the declension of the word, given that authors differently assumed the genitive case of bacter to be ''bactris'' (3rd declension words of Latin origin ending in =ter), ''bacteri'' (2nd declension) or ''bacteris'' (3rd declension, used for words of Greek origin, such as astris). The Opinion opts for the latter: consequently, higher taxa are formed with the stem =bacter- and not =bactr{{typo help inline|reason=similar to bactra|date=June 2025}}-. In Juridical Opinion n° 3 it was established to be masculine.<ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1099/0096266X-1-1-37 |author=R. E. Buchanan|author2=R. S. Breed|author3=R. St. John-Brooks|name-list-style=amp|title= Opinion 2. The Combining Forms (Stems) of Compound Bacterial Generic Names Ending in Bacterium, -Bacter, or -Bactrum (Bactro: Approved by the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Bacteriological Nomenclature)|journal= International Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy|date=Jan 1951|volume=1|pages=37–38|issue=1|doi-access=free}}</ref> For example, ''Campylobacter'' is a genus of ''Campylobacterales''. These rules were established so that the specific epithets were paired with the correct gender as imposed by the Bacteriological Code and the correct higher taxon names were formed.<ref>{{Cite book | pmid = 21089234 | last1 = Lapage | first1 = S. | last2 = Sneath | first2 = P. | last3 = Lessel | first3 = E. | last4 = Skerman | first4 = V. | last5 = Seeliger | first5 = H. | last6 = Clark | first6 = W. | title = International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria: Bacteriological Code, 1990 Revision | year = 1992 | publisher = ASM Press | location = Washington, D.C. }}</ref> An interesting effect of this is that the genus ''Fibrobacter'' gives its name both to the phylum ''Fibrobacteres'', which obeys Latin grammar, and to the class ''Fibrobacteria'', which follows the recommendation of using the suffix -ia<ref>STACKEBRANDT (E.), RAINEY (F.A.) and WARD-RAINEY (N.L.): Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol., 1997, 47, 479-491.</ref>

==Genera== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Genus ! Phylum ! Class ! Order ! Family |- | ''Acanthopleuribacter'' | Acidobacteriota | Holophagae | Acanthopleuribacterales | Acanthopleuribacteraceae

|- | ''Xylanibacter''<ref name="pmid22199207">{{cite journal | vauthors=Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M| title=Reclassification of Xylanibacter oryzae Ueki et al. 2006 as Prevotella oryzae comb. nov., with an emended description of the genus Prevotella | journal= International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume=62 | issue=Pt 11 | pages=2637–2642 | year=2012 | doi=10.1099/ijs.0.038638-0 | pmid = 22199207 }}</ref> | Bacteroidota | Bacteroidia | Bacteroidales | Prevotellaceae

|- | ''Zymobacter'' | Pseudomonadota | Gammaproteobacteria | Oceanospirillales | Halomonadaceae |}

==See also== * -monas * Bacteriological Code * bacterial taxonomy has a discussion of endings of Bacterial phyla

==References== {{reflist}}

bacter Category:Bacterial taxonomy Category:Biological nomenclature bacter bacter