{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Italic title}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Janibacter | authority = Martin et al. 1997<ref name="Martin">{{cite journal|doi=10.1099/00207713-47-2-529|pmid=9103644|title=''Janibacter limosus'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology|volume=47|issue=2|pages=529–34|year=1997|last1=Martin|first1=K|last2=Schumann|first2=P|last3=Rainey|first3=F. A|last4=Schuetze|first4=B|last5=Groth|first5=I|doi-access=free}}</ref> | type_species = ''Janibacter limosus'' | type_species_authority = Martin et al. 1997 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ref = <ref name="LPSN">{{cite web | vauthors = Euzéby JP, Parte AC | url = https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/janibacter | title = ''Janibacter'' | access-date = May 24, 2022 | publisher = List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)}}</ref> | subdivision = * ''J. alkaliphilus'' <small>Li et al. 2012</small> * ''J. anophelis'' <small>Kämpfer et al. 2006</small> <!-- Janibacter brevis was reclassified as Janibacter terrae. --> * ''J. corallicola'' <small>Kageyama et al. 2007</small> * ''J. cremeus'' <small>Hamada et al. 2013</small> * "''J. endophyticus''" <small>Zhang et al. 2022</small> * ''J. hoylei'' <small>Shivaji et al. 2009</small> * ''J. indicus'' <small>Zhang et al. 2014</small> * ''J. limosus'' <small>Martin et al. 1997</small> * {{nowrap|"''J. massiliensis''" <small>Maaloum et al. 2019</small>}} * ''J. melonis'' <small>Yoon et al. 2004</small> * ''J. terrae'' <small>Yoon et al. 2000</small> }}
'''''Janibacter''''' is a genus of Gram positive, nonmotile, non-sporeforming bacteria. The genus name is derived from the two-faced Roman god Janus, referring to the fact that the cells of the original strain could be rod-shaped or coccoid.
The type species of the genus, ''Janibacter limosus'', was originally isolated from sludge from a wastewater treatment plant.<ref name="Martin"/> Other species have been isolated from an air sample, a melon, the midgut of mosquitoes, coral, sea sediment, and hydrothermal sediment.<ref name="Zhang">{{cite journal|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.059527-0|pmid=24744020|title=''Janibacter indicus'' sp. nov., isolated from hydrothermal sediment of the Indian Ocean|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=64|issue=Pt 7|pages=2353–7|year=2014|last1=Zhang|first1=G|last2=Ren|first2=H|last3=Wang|first3=S|last4=Chen|first4=X|last5=Yang|first5=Y|last6=Zhang|first6=Y|last7=Jiang|first7=Y|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''Janibacter brevis'' was originally classified as a separate species, but was later found to be a heterotypic synonym of ''J. terrae''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kuraishi |first1=H |last2=Imamura |first2=Y |last3=Ikeda |first3=M |last4=Yoshida |first4=S |title=''Janibacter brevis'' sp. nov., a new trichloroethylene-degrading bacterium isolated from polluted environments. |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=1 September 2000 |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=1899–1903 |doi=10.1099/00207713-50-5-1899|pmid=11034502 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lang |first1=E. |title=Emended description of ''Janibacter terrae'', including ten dibenzofuran-degrading strains and ''Janibacter brevis'' as its later heterotypic synonym |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=1 November 2003 |volume=53 |issue=6 |pages=1999–2005 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02602-0|pmid=14657136 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Colonies formed on agar by members of this genus are usually cream, white, or yellow pigmented.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kageyama |first1=Akiko |last2=Takahashi |first2=Yoko |last3=Yasumoto-Hirose |first3=Mina |last4=Kasai |first4=Hiroaki |last5=Shizuri |first5=Yoshikazu |last6=Omura |first6=Satoshi |title=''Janibacter corallicola'' sp. nov., isolated from coral in Palau |journal=The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology |date=2007 |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=185–189 |doi=10.2323/jgam.53.185|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="Zhang"/> The optimum temperature for most ''Janibacter'' species is 28 °C. The lowest temperature required for growth in the genus is 4 °C (''J. terrae'', ''J. anophelis'', ''J. limosus''), and the highest is 45 °C (''J. terrae'', ''J. anophelis'', ''J. corallicola''). The pH optimum is commonly between 7.0 and 9.0, with some species capable of growing at 5.0-12.0. All species can tolerate NaCl salt concentrations up to 7%, but ''J. alkaliphilus'' can tolerate concentrations of 17%.<ref name="Zhang"/> ''J. hoylei'', which was recovered from high altitude air samples, is the most UV resistant.<ref name="shivaji">{{cite journal |last1=Shivaji |first1=S. |last2=Chaturvedi |first2=P. |last3=Begum |first3=Z. |last4=Pindi |first4=P. K. |last5=Manorama |first5=R. |last6=Padmanaban |first6=D. A. |last7=Shouche |first7=Y. S. |last8=Pawar |first8=S. |last9=Vaishampayan |first9=P. |last10=Dutt |first10=C. B. S. |last11=Datta |first11=G. N. |last12=Manchanda |first12=R. K. |last13=Rao |first13=U. R. |last14=Bhargava |first14=P. M. |last15=Narlikar |first15=J. V. |title=''Janibacter hoylei'' sp. nov., ''Bacillus isronensis'' sp. nov. and ''Bacillus aryabhattai'' sp. nov., isolated from cryotubes used for collecting air from the upper atmosphere |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=30 July 2009 |volume=59 |issue=12 |pages=2977–2986 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.002527-0|doi-access=free }}</ref>
''Janibacter'' species have been implicated in multiple cases of human infection, although most cases appeared to be opportunistic infections.<ref name="lim">{{cite journal |last1=Lim |first1=Yong Kwan |last2=Kweon |first2=Oh Joo |last3=Kim |first3=Hye Ryoun |last4=Kim |first4=Tae Hyoung |last5=Lee |first5=Mi-Kyung |title=First case of bacteremia caused by ''Janibacter hoylei'' |journal=APMIS |date=July 2017 |volume=125 |issue=7 |pages=665–668 |doi=10.1111/apm.12693|pmid=28493430 |pmc=7159562 }}</ref> An unnamed ''Janibacter'' species caused an infection in a man with acute myeloid leukemia after receiving a bone marrow transplant.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Loubinoux |first1=J. |last2=Rio |first2=B. |last3=Mihaila |first3=L. |last4=Fois |first4=E. |last5=Le Fleche |first5=A. |last6=Grimont |first6=P. A. D. |last7=Marie |first7=J.-P. |last8=Bouvet |first8=A. |title=Bacteremia Caused by an Undescribed Species of ''Janibacter'' |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |date=6 July 2005 |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=3564–3566 |pmc=1169182 | doi=10.1128/JCM.43.7.3564-3566.2005|pmid=16000508 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ''J. melonis'' infected a man's face after being bitten by an unknown insect.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Elsayed |first1=S. |last2=Zhang |first2=K. |title=Bacteremia Caused by Janibacter melonis |journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology |date=6 July 2005 |volume=43 |issue=7 |pages=3537–3539 |doi=10.1128/JCM.43.7.3537-3539.2005|pmid=16000500 |pmc=1169108 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ''J. terrae'' infected four immunocompromised patients, resulting in two deaths,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fernández-Natal |first1=M. I. |last2=Sáez-Nieto |first2=J. A. |last3=Medina-Pascual |first3=M. J. |last4=Valdezate-Ramos |first4=S. |last5=Guerra-Laso |first5=J. M. |last6=Rodríguez-Pollán |first6=R. H. |last7=Soriano |first7=F. |title=First report of bacteremia by ''Janibacter terrae'' in humans |journal=Infection |date=19 August 2014 |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=103–106 |doi=10.1007/s15010-014-0672-7|pmid=25135045 |s2cid=40563453 }}</ref> and also caused a psoas abscess that was difficult to diagnose due to the infrequency of ''Janibacter'' infections.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wan |first1=Wei Yee |last2=Mughal |first2=Ahsan |last3=Ward |first3=Kelly |title=Bilateral psoas abscess caused by ''Janibacter terrae'', an unusual condition and organism resulting in laboratory and management conundrums |journal=Acta Clinica Belgica |date=19 October 2016 |volume=72 |issue=5 |pages=336–339 |doi=10.1080/17843286.2016.1245937|pmid=27758139 |s2cid=36495685 }}</ref> An 8-week-old infant was found to be infected with ''J. hoylei'', but was successfully treated with vancomycin.<ref name="lim"/> "''J. massiliensis''" was isolated from the vaginal discharge of a woman with bacterial vaginosis.<ref name="maaloum">{{cite journal |last1=Maaloum |first1=Mossaab |last2=Diop |first2=Khoudia |last3=Diop |first3=Awa |last4=Anani |first4=Hussein |last5=Tomei |first5=Enora |last6=Richez |first6=Magali |last7=Rathored |first7=Jaishriram |last8=Bretelle |first8=Florence |last9=Raoult |first9=Didier |last10=Fenollar |first10=Florence |last11=Fournier |first11=Pierre-Edouard |title=Description of ''Janibacter massiliensis'' sp. nov., cultured from the vaginal discharge of a patient with bacterial vaginosis |journal=Antonie van Leeuwenhoek |date=23 February 2019 |volume=112 |issue=8 |pages=1147–1159 |doi=10.1007/s10482-019-01247-x|pmid=30798490 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==References== {{Reflist}}
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Category:Intrasporangiaceae Category:Bacteria genera