Ruegeria

{{Short description|Genus of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Ruegeria | authority = Uchino ''et al''. 1999 | type_species = ''Ruegeria atlantica'' (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino ''et al''. 1999 | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision_ref = <ref name = "LPSN">{{cite web | url = https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/ruegeria | title = LPSN entry for ''Ruegeria'' | publisher = List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature |access-date= 24 April 2014 }}</ref> | subdivision =  * ''Ruegeria arenilitoris'' Park and Yoon 2013 * ''Ruegeria atlantica'' (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino ''et al''. 1999 * ''Ruegeria conchae'' Lee ''et al''. 2012 * ''Ruegeria denitrificans'' Arahal ''et al''. 2018 * ''Ruegeria faecimaris'' Oh ''et al''. 2011   * "''Ruegeria haliotis''" Cao ''et al''. 2021 * ''Ruegeria halocynthiae'' Kim ''et al''. 2012 * ''Ruegeria intermedia'' Kämpfer ''et al''. 2013  * ''Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis'' (Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999) Yi ''et al''. 2007 * ''Ruegeria litorea'' (Lucena ''et al''. 2014) Wirth and Whitman 2018  * ''Ruegeria marina'' Huo ''et al''. 2011 * ''Ruegeria marisrubri'' Zhang ''et al''. 2017 * ''Ruegeria mediterranea'' (Lucena ''et al''. 2014) Wirth and Whitman 2018 * ''Ruegeria meonggei'' Kim ''et al''. 2014 * ''Ruegeria meteori'' (Rüger and Höfle 1992) Hördt ''et al''. 2020   * ''Ruegeria pomeroyi'' (González ''et al''. 2003) Yi ''et al''. 2007 * ''Ruegeria profundi'' Zhang ''et al''. 2017  * ''Ruegeria sediminis'' Baek ''et al''. 2020 | synonyms = * ''Silicibacter'' Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 }}

'''''Ruegeria''''' is a genus of bacteria in the family Rhodobacteraceae.<ref name = "LPSN" /> This genus was formerly known as the marine ''Agrobacterium'' before they were reclassified in 1998. It bears in fact the name of Hans-Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species of ''Agrobacterium''.<ref name="Uchino">{{cite journal |vauthors=Uchino Y, Hirata A, Yokota A, Sugiyama J | year = 1998 | title = Reclassification of marine ''Agrobacterium'' species: proposals of ''Stappia stellulata'' gen. nov., comb. nov., ''Stappia aggregata'' sp. nov., nom. rev., ''Ruegeria atlantica'' gen. nov., comb. nov., ''Ruegeria gelatinovora'' comb. nov., ''Ruegeria algicola'' comb. nov., and ''Ahrensia kieliense'' gen. nov., sp. nov., nom. rev. | url = https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jgam/44/3/44_3_201/_article | journal = J Gen Appl Microbiol | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 201–210 | pmid = 12501429 | doi = 10.2323/jgam.44.201 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

==Characteristics== The genus is characterised by members who are:<ref>{{cite book|series=Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology|volume=2C|title=The Proteobacteria|editor=George M. Garrity|author1=Don J. Brenner|author2=Noel R. Krieg|author3=James T. Staley|publisher=Springer|location=New York|edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-387-24145-6|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/1388 1388]|url=https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/1388|date=July 26, 2005|orig-date=1984(Williams & Wilkins)|id=British Library no. GBA561951}}</ref> * Gram-negative (like all Proteobacteria) * ovoid to rod-shaped cells 0.6–1.6 × 1.0–4.0 μm * motile by polar flagella, or nonmotile * non-sporeformers * aerobic * oxidase and catalase positive * are incapable of photosynthetic growth * bacteriochlorophyll a is absent * major quinone is ubiquinone 10 * mol% G+C of the DNA is 55–59 * member of the family ''Rhodobacteraceae'', which is phenotypically, metabolically, ecologically diverse and defined based on 16S sequences data

Phylogenetically it is very close to the genus ''Silicibacter'', but the two remain separate species due to phenotypic differences — two species for which this is problematic are ''Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis'' and ''Ruegeria pomeroyi''.<ref>YI (H.), LIM (Y.W.) and CHUN (J.): Taxonomic evaluation of the genera Ruegeria and Silicibacter: a proposal to transfer the genus Silicibacter Petursdottir and Kristjansson 1999 to the genus Ruegeria Uchino et al. 1999. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 815-819.</ref><ref>MURAMATSU (Y.), UCHINO (Y.), KASAI (H.), SUZUKI (K.) and NAKAGAWA (Y.): Ruegeria mobilis sp. nov., a member of the Alphaproteobacteria isolated in Japan and Palau. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol., 2007, 57, 1304-1309</ref>

Two species that have been removed from the genus are Marinovum algicola (Ruegeria algicola) and Thalassobius gelatinovorus (Ruegeria gelatinovora).<ref>{{lpsn|qr/ruegeria|Ruegeria}}</ref><nowiki>[and refs therein]</nowiki>

== Small non-coding RNAs == Highly abundant bacterial small RNAs have been shown to be present in the bacteria subjected to chronic nutrient limitation. In ''Ruegeria pomeroyi'' RNAseq analysis identified 99 putative sRNAs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rivers|first1=Adam R.|last2=Burns|first2=Andrew S.|last3=Chan|first3=Leong-Keat|last4=Moran|first4=Mary Ann|date=2016-01-01|title=Experimental Identification of Small Non-Coding RNAs in the Model Marine Bacterium Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3|journal=Frontiers in Microbiology|volume=7|page=380|doi=10.3389/fmicb.2016.00380|issn=1664-302X|pmc=4809877|pmid=27065955|doi-access=free }}</ref> The bacterial sRNAs regulatory mechanisms are typically based on direct RNA-RNA interaction with a target mRNA.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Gottesman|first1=Susan|last2=Storz|first2=Gisela|date=2011-12-01|title=Bacterial Small RNA Regulators: Versatile Roles and Rapidly Evolving Variations|url=http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/3/12/a003798|journal=Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology|language=en|volume=3|issue=12|article-number=a003798|doi=10.1101/cshperspect.a003798|issn=1943-0264|pmc=3225950|pmid=20980440}}</ref> The target gene groups identified by Rivers et al. were genes involved in transport, genes mediating cell-cell interactions, signal transduction and transcriptional regulation.

==References== {{Reflist|1}}

==Further reading==

===Scientific journals===

* {{cite journal |vauthors=Martens T, Heidorn T, Pukall R, Simon M, Tindall BJ, Brinkhoff T | year = 2006 | title = Reclassification of Roseobacter gallaeciensis Ruiz-Ponte et al. 1998 as Phaeobacter gallaeciensis gen. nov., comb. nov., description of Phaeobacter inhibens sp. nov., antibiotic-producing members of the Roseobacter clade, reclassification of Ruegeria algicola (Lafay et al. 1995) Uchino et al. 1998 as Marinovum algicola gen. nov., comb. nov., and emended descriptions of the genera Roseobacter, Ruegeria and Leisingera | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 56 | pages = 1293–1304 | pmid = 16738106 | issue = Pt 6 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63724-0| doi-access = free }}

===Scientific books===

* {{cite book | vauthors = Garrity GM, Holt JG | year = 2001 | chapter = Taxonomic Outline of the Archaea and Bacteria | title = Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 1: The Archaea and the deeply branching and phototrophic Bacteria | edition = 2nd | editor1 = DR Boone | editor2 = RW Castenholz | pages = [https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/155 155–166] | publisher = Springer Verlag | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-387-98771-2 | chapter-url-access = registration | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/bergeysmanualofs00boon/page/155 }}

Category:Rhodobacteraceae Category:Bacteria genera