Halomonadaceae

{{Short description|Family of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Halomonadaceae | image = GFAJ-1 (grown on phosphorus).jpg | image_caption = GFAJ-1 grown on phosphorus. | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Aidingimonas'' ''Carnimonas'' ''Chromohalobacter'' ''Cobetia'' ''Deleya'' ''Halomonas'' ''Halotalea'' ''Halovibrio'' ''Kushneria'' ''Modicisalibacter'' ''Salicola''<ref>{{cite journal|title=Salicola|website=www.uniprot.org|url=https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/332339|language=en}}</ref> ''Salinicola'' ''Volcaniella'' ''Zymobacter''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bacterio.net/-classifgenerafamilies.html#Halomonadaceae |access-date=25 June 2016 |title=List of genera included in families: Halomonadaceae |publisher=List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature}}</ref> }}

'''Halomonadaceae''' is a family of halophilic Pseudomonadota.

==History== The family was originally described in 1988 to contain the genera ''Halomonas'' and ''Deleya''.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Franzmann | first1 = P.D. | last2 = Wehmeyer | first2 = U. | last3 = Stackebrandt | first3 = E. | year = 1988 | title = Halomonadaceae fam. nov., a new family of the class Proteobacteria to accommodate the genera Halomonas and Deleya | journal = Syst. Appl. Microbiol. | volume = 11 | pages = 16–19 | doi=10.1016/s0723-2020(88)80043-2}}</ref>

In 1989, ''Chromobacterium marismortui'' was reclassified as ''Chromohalobacter marismortui'' forming a third genus in the family Halomonadaceae.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Ventosa | first1 = A. | last2 = Gutierrez | first2 = M.C. | last3 = Garcia | first3 = M.T. | last4 = Ruiz-Berraquero | first4 = F. | year = 1989 | title = Classification of "Chromobacterium marismortui" in a new genus, Chromohalobacter gen. nov., as Chromohalobacter marismortui comb. nov., nom. rev | journal = Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. | volume = 39 | issue = 4| pages = 382–386 | doi=10.1099/00207713-39-4-382| doi-access = free }}</ref>

Subsequently, in 1990 a species was discovered and was originally proposed to be called ''Volcaniella eurihalina'' forming a new genus in the ''Halomonadaceae'',<ref>QUESADA (E.), VALDERRAMA (M.J.), BEJAR (V.), VENTOSA (A.), GUTIERREZ (M.C.), RUIZ-BERRAQUERO (F.) and RAMOS-CORMENZANA (A.): Volcaniella eurihalina gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic nonmotile gram-negative rod. ''Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol.'', 1990, 40, 261-267</ref> but was later (in 1995) reclassified as a member of the genus ''Halomonas''.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Mellado | first1 = E. | last2 = Moore | first2 = E. R. B. | last3 = Nieto | first3 = J. J. | last4 = Ventosa | first4 = A. | year = 1995 | title = Phylogenetic inferences and taxonomic consequences of 16S. ribosomal DNA sequence comparison of Chromohalobacter marismortui, Volcaniella eurihalina, and Deleya salina and reclassification of V. eurihalina as Halomonas eurihalina comb. nov | journal = Int J Syst Bacteriol | volume = 45 | issue = 4| pages = 712–716 | doi=10.1099/00207713-45-4-712| pmid = 7547290 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

The species ''Carnimonas nigrificans'' (sole member of genus) was not placed in the family due to the lack of two out of 15 descriptive 16S rRNA signature sequences,<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1099/00207713-48-3-677| last1 = Garriga | first1 = M. | last2 = Ehrmann | first2 = M. A. | last3 = Arnau | first3 = J. | last4 = Hugas | first4 = M. | last5 = Vogel | first5 = R. F. | title = Carnimonas nigrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a bacterial causative agent for black spot formation on cured meat products | journal = International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology | volume = 48 | issue = 3 | pages = 677–86 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9734022| doi-access = free }}</ref> but it has been proposed to reclassify it into the family.<ref>D. R. Arahal, W. Ludwig, K. H. Schleifer and A. Ventosa Phylogeny of the family Halomonadaceae based on 23S and 16S rDNA sequence analyses. ''International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology'', Vol 52, 241-249</ref>

In 1996, the family was later reorganised by unifying genera ''Deleya'', ''Halomonas'' and ''Halovibrio'' and the species ''Paracoccus halodenitrificans'' into ''Halomonas'' and placing ''Zymobacter'' in this family.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Dobson | first1 = S.J. | last2 = Franzmann | first2 = P.D. | year = 1996 | title = Unification of the genera ''Deleya'' (Baumann ''et al.'' 1983), ''Halomonas'' (Vreeland ''et al.'' 1980), and ''Halovibrio'' (Fendrich 1988) and the species ''Paracoccus halodenitrificans'' (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) into a single genus, ''Halomonas'', and placement of the genus ''Zymobacter'' in the family Halomonadaceae | journal = Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. | volume = 46 | issue = 2| pages = 550–558 | doi=10.1099/00207713-46-2-550| doi-access = free }}</ref> However, it was later discovered that the strain of ''Halovibrio variabilis'' DSM 3051 and DSM 3050 differed and the latter was made type strain of the ''Halovibrio'', which remains still in use.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sorokin | first1 = D. Y. | last2 = Tindall | first2 = B. J. | title = The status of the genus name Halovibrio Fendrich 1989 and the identity of the strains Pseudomonas halophila DSM 3050 and Halomonas variabilis DSM 3051. Request for an Opinion | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 56 | issue = 2 | pages = 487–489 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63965-0 | pmid=16449462| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name=tindall>{{Cite journal | last1 = Sorokin | first1 = D. Y. | last2 = Tourova | first2 = T. P. | last3 = Galinski | first3 = E. A. | last4 = Belloch | first4 = C. | last5 = Tindall | first5 = B. J. | title = Extremely halophilic denitrifying bacteria from hypersaline inland lakes, ''Halovibrio denitrificans'' sp. nov. And ''Halospina denitrificans'' gen. nov., sp. nov., and evidence that the genus name Halovibrio Fendrich 1989 with the type species Halovibrio variabilis should be associated with DSM 3050 | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 56 | issue = 2 | pages = 379–88 | year = 2006 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.63964-0 | pmid=16449444| doi-access = free }}</ref> and now comprising two species (the other being Halovibrio denitrificans)<ref name=tindall/>

In 2002, ''Halomonas marina'' was transferred to its own genus ''Cobetia'',<ref>ARAHAL (D.R.), CASTILLO (A.M.), LUDWIG (W.), SCHLEIFER (K.H.) and VENTOSA (A.): Proposal of Cobetia marina gen. nov., comb. nov., within the family Halomonadaceae, to include the species Halomonas marina. ''Syst. Appl. Microbiol.'', 2002, 25, 207-211.</ref> and in 2009 ''Halomonas marisflavi'', ''Halomonas indalinina''. and ''Halomonas avicenniae'' were transferred to a new genus called ''Kushneria'' (5 species)

Several singleton genera were created recently: in 2007, ''Halotalea alkalilenta'' was described,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ntougias | first1 = S. | last2 = Zervakis | first2 = G. I. | last3 = Fasseas | first3 = C. | title = Halotalea alkalilenta gen. Nov., sp. Nov., a novel osmotolerant and alkalitolerant bacterium from alkaline olive mill wastes, and emended description of the family Halomonadaceae Franzmann et al. 1989, emend. Dobson and Franzmann 1996 | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 57 | issue = 9 | pages = 1975–1983 | year = 2007 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.65078-0 | pmid=17766858| doi-access = free }}</ref> ''Aidingimonas halophila'' in 2009,<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = Y. | last2 = Tang | first2 = S. -K. | last3 = Lou | first3 = K. | last4 = Lee | first4 = J. -C. | last5 = Jeon | first5 = C. O. | last6 = Xu | first6 = L. -H. | last7 = Kim | first7 = C. -J. | last8 = Li | first8 = W. -J. | title = Aidingimonas halophila gen. Nov., sp. Nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 59 | issue = 12 | pages = 3088–3094 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.010264-0 | pmid=19643876| doi-access = free }}</ref> ''Halospina denitrificans'' in 2006,<ref name=tindall/> ''Modicisalibacter tunisiensis'' in 2009<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ben Ali Gam | first1 = Z. | last2 = Abdelkafi | first2 = S. | last3 = Casalot | first3 = L. | last4 = Tholozan | first4 = J. L. | last5 = Oueslati | first5 = R. | last6 = Labat | first6 = M. | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.65088-0 | title = ''Modicisalibacter tunisiensis'' gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from an oilfield-water injection sample, and emended description of the family Halomonadaceae Franzmann et al. 1989 emend Dobson and Franzmann 1996 emend. Ntougias et al. 2007 | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 57 | issue = 10 | pages = 2307–13 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17911302| doi-access = free }}</ref> ''Salinicola socius'' in 2009.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Anan'ina | first1 = L.N. | last2 = Plotnikova | first2 = E.G. | last3 = Gavrish | first3 = E.Y. | last4 = Demakov | first4 = V.A. | last5 = Evtushenko | first5 = L.I. | year = 2007 | title = Salinicola socius gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a naphthalene-utilizing microbial association | journal = Microbiology | volume = 76 | issue = 3| pages = 324–330 | doi=10.1134/s0026261707030095| s2cid = 21296220 }} (translation of ''Mikrobiologiya'', 2007, 76, 369-376)</ref> To the latter genus two species were transferred ''Halomonas salaria'' as ''Salinicola salarius'' and ''Chromohalobacter salarius'' as ''Salinicola halophilus''.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = De La Haba | first1 = R. R. | last2 = Sanchez-Porro | first2 = C. | last3 = Marquez | first3 = M. C. | last4 = Ventosa | first4 = A. | title = Taxonomic study of the genus Salinicola: Transfer of Halomonas salaria and Chromohalobacter salarius to the genus Salinicola as Salinicola salarius comb. Nov. And Salinicola halophilus nom. Nov., respectively | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 60 | issue = 4 | pages = 963–971 | year = 2009 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.014480-0 | pmid=19661506| s2cid = 28728802 }}</ref>

The family also contain the recently discovered but uncultured bacterium "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum" (primary endosymbionts of whiteflies<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Thao | first1 = M. L. | last2 = Baumann | first2 = P. | title = Evolutionary Relationships of Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts of Whiteflies and Their Hosts | journal = Applied and Environmental Microbiology | volume = 70 | issue = 6 | pages = 3401–3406 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15184137 | pmc = 427722 | doi = 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3401-3406.2004 }}</ref>).

==Genera== * ''Halomonas'', the type genus ** ''Halomonas elongata'', the type species of the genus,<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Vreeland | first1 = R.H. | last2 = Litchfield | first2 = C.D. | last3 = Martin | first3 = E.L. | last4 = Elliot | first4 = E. | year = 1980 | title = Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt-tolerant bacteria | journal = Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. | volume = 30 | issue = 2| pages = 485–495 | doi=10.1099/00207713-30-2-485| doi-access = free }}</ref> however the longest known members of the family are ''Halomonas halodentrificans'' (1952),<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Robinson | first1 = J. | last2 = Gibbons | first2 = N.E. | doi = 10.1139/b52-013 | title = The effect of salts on the growth of ''Micrococcus halodentrificans'' n. sp. | journal = Canadian Journal of Botany | year = 1952 | volume = 30| issue = 2 | pages = 147–154 }}</ref> ''Chromohalobacter marismortui'' (1940)<ref>Elazari-Volcani 1940</ref> and ''Chromohalobacter beijerinckii'' (originally ''Pseudomonas beijerinckii'').<ref>Hof 1935</ref> ** ''Halomonas titanicae'' * ''Aidingimonas halophila'' <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = Y. | last2 = Tang | first2 = S.K. | last3 = LOU | first3 = K. | last4 = LEE | first4 = J.C. | last5 = Jeon | first5 = C.O. | last6 = XU | first6 = L.H. | last7 = KIM | first7 = C.J. | last8 = LI | first8 = W.J. | year = 2009 | title = Aidingimonas halophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 59 | issue = 12| pages = 3088–3094 | doi=10.1099/ijs.0.010264-0 | pmid=19643876| doi-access = free }}</ref> * ''Cobetia'' ** ''Cobetia marina'', originally ''Pseudomonas marina'',<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cobet | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Wirsen | first2 = C. | last3 = Jones | first3 = G.E. | year = 1970 | title = The effect of nickel on a marine bacterium, Arthrobacter marinus sp. nov | journal = Journal of General Microbiology | volume = 62 | issue = 2| pages = 159–169 | doi=10.1099/00221287-62-2-159| pmid = 5493594 | doi-access = free }}</ref> then ''Dalya marina'', then ''Halomonas marina''. ** ''Cobetia crustatorum'', isolated from fermented Korean seafood<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = KIM | first1 = M.S. | last2 = ROH | first2 = S.W. | last3 = BAE | first3 = J.W. | year = 2010 | title = Cobetia crustatorum sp. nov., a novel slightly halophilic bacterium isolated from traditional fermented seafood in Korea | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 60 | issue = 3| pages = 620–626 | doi=10.1099/ijs.0.008847-0| pmid = 19654339 | doi-access = free }}</ref> * ''Carnimonas'' * ''Chromohalobacter'' ** ''Chromohalobacter marismortui'' ** ''Chromohalobacter beijerinckii'' ** ''Chromohalobacter canadensis'' and ''Chromohalobacter israelensis'', formerly of the genus ''Halomonas'' ** ''Chromohalobacter japonicus'' ** ''Chromohalobacter nigrandesensis'' ** ''Chromohalobacter salarius'' ** ''Chromohalobacter salexigens'' ** ''Chromohalobacter sarecensis'', phychrotolerant * ''Halotalea alkalilenta''<ref>NTOUGIAS (S.), ZERVAKIS (G.I.) and FASSEAS (C.): Halotalea alkalilenta gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel osmotolerant and alkalitolerant bacterium from alkaline olive mill wastes, and emended description of the family Halomonadaceae Franzmann et al. 1989</ref> * ''Kushneria'' ** ''Kushneria aurantia'', type species ** ''Kushneria marisflavi'', ''Kushneria indalinina'' and ''Kushneria avicenniae'' were previously classified under ''Halomonas''<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Sanchez-Porro | first1 = C. | last2 = DE | first2 = LA Haba R.R. | last3 = Soto-Ramirez | first3 = N. | last4 = Marquez | first4 = M.C. | last5 = Montalvo-Rodriguez | first5 = R. | last6 = Ventosa | first6 = A. | year = 2009 | title = Description of Kushneria aurantia gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Halomonadaceae, and a proposal for reclassification of Halomonas marisflavi as Kushneria marisflavi comb. nov., of Halomonas indalinina as Kushneria indalinina comb. nov. and of Halomonas avicenniae as Kushneria avicenniae comb. nov | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 59 | issue = 2| pages = 397–405 | doi=10.1099/ijs.0.001461-0| pmid = 19196785 | doi-access = free }}</ref> * ''Modicisalibacter'' * ''Portiera'' * ''Zymobacter'', not to be confused with ''Zymomonas mobilis'', an alphaproteobacterion studies for its biofuel production, an easy error that even the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria made in <ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Arahal | first1 = D. R. | last2 = Vreeland | first2 = R. H. | last3 = Litchfield | first3 = C. D. | last4 = Mormile | first4 = M. R. | last5 = Tindall | first5 = B. J. | last6 = Oren | first6 = A. | last7 = Bejar | first7 = V. | last8 = Quesada | first8 = E. | last9 = Ventosa | first9 = A. | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.65430-0 | title = Recommended minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Halomonadaceae | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 57 | issue = Pt 10 | pages = 2436–2446 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17911321| doi-access = free }}</ref> as noted in <ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Arahal | first1 = DR | last2 = Vreeland | first2 = RH | last3 = Litchfield | first3 = CD |display-authors=etal | year = 2008| title = Errata. Recommended minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Halomonadaceae (vol 57, pg 2436, 2007) | journal = Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. | volume = 58 | issue = 2673| page = 2008 | doi=10.1099/00207713-58-11-2673| doi-access = free }}</ref>

Note: Species of ''Deleya'' and ''Halovibrio'' are now ''Halomonas''

==Etymology== The names derives from Halomonas, which is the type genus of the family, plus the suffix -aceae, ending to denote a family<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classification.html|title= Classification, taxonomy and systematics of prokaryotes (bacteria)|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110516071735/http://www.bacterio.cict.fr/classification.html|archive-date= 2011-05-16}}</ref>

==Research== Geomicrobiologist Felisa Wolfe-Simon with a NASA funded team is researching a particular strain the family Halomonadaceae, named GFAJ-1, isolated and cultured from sediments collected along the shore of Mono Lake, near Yosemite National Park in eastern California.<ref name=Space>{{cite news | last = Bortman | first = Henry | title = Arsenic-Eating Bacteria Opens New Possibilities for Alien Life | date = 2010-12-02 | publisher = Space.com | url = http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/arsenic-bacteria-alien-life-101202.html | access-date = 2010-12-02}}</ref><ref name="nasa">{{cite web |title=Searching for Alien Life, on Earth |last=Bortman |first=Henry |publisher=Astrobiology Magazine (NASA) |date=5 October 2009 |access-date=2010-12-02 |url=http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_expedition&task=detail&id=3259 }}</ref> This GFAJ-1 strain of Halomonadaceae can grow in the presence of high concentrations of arsenic.<ref name="nature">{{cite journal |title=Arsenic-eating microbe may redefine chemistry of life |journal=Nature |first=Alla |last=Katsnelson |date=2 December 2010 |access-date=2010-12-02 |url=http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101202/full/news.2010.645.html |doi=10.1038/news.2010.645|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

==See also== *Geomicrobiology

==References== {{Reflist}}

==External links== * [http://www.astrobio.net/index.php?option=com_expedition&task=detail&id=3259 NASA - Astrobiology Magazine: "Searching for Alien Life, on Earth"] — (''October 2009'') * [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/astrobiology_toxic_chemical.html NASA.gov: "NASA-Funded Research Discovers Life Built With Toxic Chemical"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828203819/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/astrobiology_toxic_chemical.html |date=2011-08-28 }} — ''(December 2010)'' * [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1197258 ''Science'' Express abstract of F. Wolfe-Simon, et al.: "A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus."] - ''(December 2010)''

Category:Oceanospirillales Category:Geomicrobiology