Oscillospiraceae

{{Short description|Family of bacteria}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Oscillospiraceae | authority = Peshkoff 1940 (Approved Lists 1980)<ref name=LPSN></ref> | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision_ref = <ref name=LPSN/> | subdivision = See text | synonyms = | synonyms_ref = }}

'''Oscillospiraceae''', also commonly called '''Ruminococcaceae''', is a family of bacteria in the class Clostridia. All Oscillospiraceae are obligate anaerobes. However, members of the family have diverse shapes, with some rod-shaped and others cocci.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Ruminococcaceae fam. nov. |vauthors=Rainey FA |title=Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria |pages=1–2 |date=2015 |doi=10.1002/9781118960608.fbm00136 |editor=Whitman WB |isbn=9781118960608 }}</ref>

Within the family, ''Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'' is notable as an abundant commensal bacteria of the human gut microbiota. In addition, several members of ''Ruminococcus'' are found in the human gut.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Rajilić-Stojanović M, de Vos WM |title=The first 1000 cultured species of the human gastrointestinal microbiota |journal=FEMS Microbiology Reviews |volume=38 |issue=5 |pages=996–1047 |date=September 2014 |pmid=24861948 |pmc=4262072 |doi=10.1111/1574-6976.12075 }}</ref> The Oscillospira genus and its impact on human health has led to numerous theories on its development and its involvement in human health.

== Current knowledge == The first species of the ''Oscillospira'' genus, a bacterium named ''O. guillermondii'', was found in 1913 in the cecal contents of a guinea pig by Chatton and Pérard and is the only formally described species in the genus.<ref name=":03">{{Cite journal |last1=Gophna |first1=Uri |last2=Konikoff |first2=Tom |last3=Nielsen |first3=Henrik Bjørn |date=March 2017 |title=''Oscillospira'' and related bacteria – From metagenomic species to metabolic features |url=https://sfamjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1462-2920.13658 |journal=Environmental Microbiology |language=en |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=835–841 |doi=10.1111/1462-2920.13658 |issn=1462-2912 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Knowledge of ''Oscillospira'' and their physiology and ecological interactions are still minimal having limited success in cultivation. The necessary components for ''Oscillospira'' to grow are still undetermined or otherwise unknown.<ref name=":13">{{Cite journal |last1=Mackie |first1=Roderick I. |last2=Aminov |first2=Rustam I. |last3=Hu |first3=Wenping |last4=Klieve |first4=Athol V. |last5=Ouwerkerk |first5=Diane |last6=Sundset |first6=Monica A. |last7=Kamagata |first7=Yoichi |date=November 2003 |title=Ecology of Uncultivated Oscillospira Species in the Rumen of Cattle, Sheep, and Reindeer as Assessed by Microscopy and Molecular Approaches |journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology |language=en |volume=69 |issue=11 |pages=6808–6815 |doi=10.1128/AEM.69.11.6808-6815.2003 |issn=0099-2240 |pmc=262257 |pmid=14602644 }}</ref> A characteristic of this bacterium is the ability to form spores and take on different physical shapes like rods and cocci. The ''Oscillospira'' species are assumed to be slower growers as they are more abundantly found in harder or firmer stools, an indicator of spending more time in the colon before being passed, commonly known as constipation. This theory is further supported by their ties to gallstone disease where constipation is a risk factor.<ref name=":03" />

== Impact on gut health == Members of this family are observed to be abundantly found in fecal microbiota. ''Oscillospira'' in particular has been found to have possible ties to leanness through its 16s rRNA gene in recent gut microbiota studies and has established a connection with a lack of abundance of these bacteria in people impacted with steatohepatitis, a liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Chron's and Ulcerative colitis.<ref name=":03" />In addition, ''Oscillospira'' have been shown to ferment complex plant carbohydrates and is being looked at to play a potential role in probiotic production.<ref name=":03" /> ''Oscillospira'' has also been found in animals such as cattle and sheep and similarly to humans, the abundance and form of ''Oscillospira'' is largely dependent on diet. Greater abundance was found to be with primarily fresh forage food in these animals.<ref name=":13" />

==Phylogeny== The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)<ref name=LPSN>{{cite web |author=J.P. Euzéby |url=https://lpsn.dsmz.de/family/oscillospiraceae |title=Oscillospiraceae |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)}}</ref> and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)<ref name=NCBI>{{cite web |author=Sayers |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&id=216572&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock |title=Oscillospiraceae |access-date=2022-09-09 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database |display-authors=et al.}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" |- ! colspan=1 | 16S rRNA based LTP_10_2024<ref>{{cite web |title=The LTP |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/#LTP| access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_all tree in newick format |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_all_10_2024.ntree |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LTP_10_2024 Release Notes |url=https://imedea.uib-csic.es/mmg/ltp/wp-content/uploads/ltp/LTP_10_2024_release_notes.pdf |access-date=10 December 2024}}</ref> ! colspan=1 | 120 marker proteins based GTDB 09-RS220<ref name="about">{{cite web |title=GTDB release 09-RS220 |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/about#4%7C |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="tree">{{cite web |title=bac120_r220.sp_labels |url=https://data.gtdb.ecogenomic.org/releases/release220/220.0/auxillary_files/bac120_r220.sp_labels.tree |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref><ref name="taxon_history">{{cite web |title=Taxon History |url=https://gtdb.ecogenomic.org/taxon_history/ |website=Genome Taxonomy Database |access-date=10 May 2024}}</ref> |- | style="vertical-align:top| {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=Oscillospiraceae |1={{clade |1=''Sporobacter'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Vescimonas'' |2={{clade |1=''Hominicoprocola'' |2={{clade |1=''Oscillibacter'' |2=''Dysosmobacter'' }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Intestinimonas'' |2={{clade |1=''Clostridium viride'' Buckel et al. 1995 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Flintibacter butyricus'' Lagkouvardos et al. 2016 |2=''Muriventricola'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Pseudoflavonifractor'' |2={{clade |1=''Intestinimonas'' |2={{clade |1=''Flavonifractor'' |2=''Lawsonibacter'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} | {{Clade | style=font-size:90%;line-height:80% |label1=Oscillospiraceae |1={{clade |1{{clade |1={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Alloscillospira" Glendinning et al. 2020 |2=''Sporobacter'' Grech-Mora et al. 1996 }} |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Heteroscillospira" corrig. Glendinning et al. 2020 |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Limivicinus" faecipullorum" Gilroy et al. 2021 |2="''Ca.'' Scatomorpha" Gilroy et al. 2021 }} }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Avoscillospira" Gilroy et al. 2021 |2="''Ca.'' Faecousia" Gilroy et al. 2021 non Hitch et al. 2024 }} |2={{clade |1=''Papillibacter'' Defnoun et al. 2000 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Pseudoscillospira" corrig. Glendinning et al. 2020 |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Pelethomonas" Gilroy et al. 2021 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Hominicoprocola'' Afrizal et al. 2023 |2=''Vescimonas'' Kitahara et al. 2021 }} |2={{clade |1=''Dysosmobacter'' species-group 2 |2={{clade |1=''Oscillibacter'' Iino et al. 2007 |2=''Dysosmobacter'' Le Roy et al. 2020<ref name=Dysosmobacter>{{cite journal |vauthors=Le Roy T, Van der Smissen P, Paquot A, Delzenne N, Muccioli GG, Collet JF, Cani PD |title=''Dysosmobacter welbionis'' gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces and emended description of the genus ''Oscillibacter'' |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=2019 |volume=70 |issue=9 |pages=4851–4858 |pmid=31232680 |doi=10.1099/ijsem.0.003547 |doi-access=free |hdl=2078.1/226713 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Onthomonas" Gilroy et al. 2021 |2={{clade |1="''Evtepia''" Strandwitz et al. 2019 |2={{clade |1=''Lawsonibacter'' Sakamoto et al. 2018 [''Flintibacter'' Lagkouvardos et al. 2016; ''Muriventricola'' Hitch et al. 2022] |2={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Enterenecus" Gilroy et al. 2021 |2={{clade |1=''Intestinimonas'' Kläring et al. 2013 |2={{clade |1="''Vermiculatibacterium''" Afrizal et al. 2022 |2={{clade |1=''Pseudoflavonifractor'' species-group 2 |2={{clade |1={{clade |1="''Ca.'' Galloscillospira" species-group 2 |2=''Pseudoflavonifractor'' Carlier et al. 2010 }} |2={{clade |1=''Lawsonibacter celer'' Liu et al. 2022 |2={{clade |1=''Lawsonibacter hominis'' Liu et al. 2022 |2=''Flavonifractor'' Carlier et al. 2010 }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |} Unassigned genera: * ''Amygdalobacter'' Srinivasan et al. 2023 * "''Ca.'' Apopatocola" Gilroy et al. 2022 * ''Bengtsoniella'' Pardesi et al. 2024 * ''Drancourtella'' Durand et al. 2023 * "''Ca.'' Faecousia" Hitch et al. 2024 non Gilroy et al. 2021 * ''Flintibacter'' corrig. Lagkouvardos et al. 2016 * "''Hominicola''" Hitch et al. 2024 * "''Ca.'' Intestinicoccus" Zhou et al. 2023 * "''Jilunia''" Liu et al. 2021b * "''Jirenia''" Huang et al. 2024 * "''Marasmitruncus''" Pham et al. 2017 * "''Markus''" Huang et al. 2024 non Fanti & Pankowski 2018 * "''Mengyingia''" Huang et al. 2024 * ''Neglectibacter'' Zgheib et al. 2024 * "''Neopoerus''" Selma-Royo et al. 2023 * ''Oscillospira'' corrig. Chatton & Pérard 1913 * ''Owariibacterium'' Hamaguchi et al. 2025 * ''Paludihabitans'' Deshmukh & Oren 2023 [''Paludicola'' Li et al. 2017 non Blasius 1857 non Hodgson 1837 non Necchi & Vis 2020 non Wagler 1830] * "''Qingyuzengella''" Huang et al. 2024 * ''Ruminococcoides'' Molinero et al. 2021 * "''Shuzhengia''" Liu et al. 2021b * "''Ca.'' Vesiculincola" Treitli et al. 2023

Formerly within Oscillospiraceae *''Acetanaerobacterium''<ref name=Acetanaerobacterium>{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen S, Dong X |title=''Acetanaerobacterium elongatum'' gen. nov., sp. nov., from paper mill waste water |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |date=2004 |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=2257–2262 |pmid=15545467 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.63212-0 |doi-access=free }}</ref> *''Acutalibacter''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parker |first1=Charles Thomas |last2=Garrity |first2=George M |editor1-first=Charles Thomas |editor1-last=Parker |editor2-first=George M |editor2-last=Garrity |name-list-style=vanc |title=Taxonomic Abstract for the genera. |journal=The NamesforLife Abstracts |date=1 January 2003 |doi=10.1601/tx.29383 }}</ref> *''Anaerotruncus''<ref name=anaerotruncus>{{cite journal |vauthors=Lawson PA, Song Y, Liu C, Molitoris DR, Vaisanen ML, Collins MD, Finegold SM |title=''Anaerotruncus colihominis'' gen. nov., sp. nov., from human faeces |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=54 |pages=413–417 |date=2004 |issue=2 |pmid=15023953 |doi=10.1099/ijs.0.02653-0 |doi-access=free }}</ref> *''Faecalibacterium''<ref name=faecalibacterium>{{cite journal |vauthors=Duncan DH, Hold GL, Harmsen HJ, Stewart CS, Flint HJ |title=Growth requirements and fermentation products of ''Fusobacterium prausnitzii'', and a proposal to reclassify it as ''Faecalibacterium prausnitzii'' gen. nov., comb. nov. |journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology |volume=52 |pages=2141–2146 |date=2002 |issue=6 |pmid=12508881 |doi=10.1099/00207713-52-6-2141 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

== References == {{Reflist}}

{{Bacteria classification}} {{Taxonbar|from1=Q20993624|from2=Q18674581}} Category:Eubacteriales Category:Bacteria families