{{Short description|Geologic formation in Poland and Germany}} {{Infobox rockunit | name = Zagaje Formation | image = CE Dinosaur Safar - Soltykow Jet Preserve (Rezerwat Gagaty Sołtykowskie) - http-pl.wikipedia.org-wiki-Rezerwat przyrody Gagaty So^C5^82tykowskie - panoramio (1).jpg | caption = Exposed Layers at Sołtyków | type = Geological formation | age = Latest Rhaetian-Lower Sinemurian~{{fossil range|202|196}}<ref name=Pieno>{{cite journal |last1=Pieñkowski |first1=G. |title=The epicontinental Lower Jurassic of Poland |journal=Polish Geological Institute Special Papers |date=2004 |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=1–154 |s2cid=128922070 }}</ref> | period = Hettangian | prilithology = Sandstone | otherlithology = Mudstone | namedfor = The Town of Zagaje near Gromadzice | namedby = Karaszewski (as an informal unit)<ref name=Karaszewksi1962>{{cite journal |last1=Karaszewski |first1=W. |title=The stratigraphy of the Lias in the Northern Mesozoic Zone surrounding the Święty Krzyż Mountains (Central Poland) [Eng. Sum.] |journal=Pr. Inst. Geol. |date=1962 |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=333–416}}</ref> | region = Swietokrzyskie | country = Poland, Germany<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission |title=Stratigraphische Tabelle von Deutschland |journal=GeoForschungsZentrum |date=2016 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1 |url=https://bib.telegrafenberg.de/fileadmin/bib/pdf/Verlag/STD2016.pdf |access-date=22 December 2021}}</ref> | coordinates = {{coord|51.1|N|20.5|E|display=inline,title}} | paleocoordinates = {{coord|43.1|N|18.8|E|display=inline}} | unitof = Kamienna Group | subunits = Huta Mudstone Member | underlies = *Przysucha Formation *Ostrowiec Formation | overlies = Unnamed Rhaetian Beds | thickness = 157.5 m | extent = | area = Polish epicontinental basin except of the Mazury region and Czêstochowa region. Reaches also into north Germany | map = {{Location map+ | Poland | relief = 1 | width = 250 | float = center | places = {{Location map~ | Poland | lat_deg = 51.1 | lon_deg = 20.5 | mark = Blue pog.svg | marksize = 12 }} }} | map_caption = }}
The '''Zagaje Formation''' is a Latest Triassic-Early Jurassic Epoch (Rhaetian-Sinemurian) geologic formation located mostly in Poland with layers also exposed in north Germany. This unit is known for its diverse Ichnofossil assemblages, with traces of invertebrates along vertebrate footprints, as well plants, large coal accumulations, invertebrate remains and ichnofossils.<ref name="dinosaurdistribution">Weishampel, et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution." Pp. 517-607.</ref> The Zagaje Formation correlates with The lower part of the Höganäs Formation in Scania, as well the Munkerup Member and the Gassum Formation in Denmark.<ref name=Pieno/>
== Paleoenvironment == {{multiple image | align = left | perrow = 3/3 | total_width = 450 | image1 = Ōkārito + Whitebaiting • Nimmo • MRD 15.jpg | image2 = Lucas Creek in Kell Park at low tide seen from a footbridge.jpg | footer = The Zagaje Formation is a mostly continental unit, with riverine and lacustrine sediments (Modern equivalent examples include Lake Wahapo and Lucas Creek in New Zealand) }} The Zagaje Formation is particularly visible in the Sołtyków region and is made mostly of Early Jurassic continental mudstone-sandstone deposits linked to the onset of "depositional sequence I". Its age is confirmed as mostly Early Hettangian through stratigraphic and paleontological analyses, including fossil flora and conchostraca findings. Sedimentological studies divide the Sołtyków profile into three parts: ephemeral reservoir deposits, floodplain and lacustrine sediments, and river channel deposits, highlighting dynamic depositional environments influenced by tectonic subsidence and varying hydrological conditions.<ref name="Pieno" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last1=Gierliński |first1=Gerard |last2=Pieńkowski |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Niedźwiedzki |first3=Grzegorz |date=2004 |title=Tetrapod Track Assemblage in the Hettangian of Sołtyków, Poland, and its Paleoenvironmental Background |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940490444861 |journal=Ichnos |volume=11 |issue=3–4 |pages=195–213 |doi=10.1080/10420940490444861 |bibcode=2004Ichno..11..195G |issn=1042-0940|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
Climate wise, the area was located back in the Hettangian around 45°N paleolatitude in Laurasia within a rise of 5–10°C above present, where it experienced significant climatic and environmental change related with sea-level fluctuations, manifested locally with a notorious retrogradational fluvial-lacustrine sedimentation, with evidence of a humid climate interspersed with drier seasons. Some plant fossils like ''Hirmeriella'' mark points of aridity on what was mostly a humid swampy alluvial-lacustrine habitat.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brañski |first=P. |date=2009 |title=Influence of paleoclimate and the green house effect on Hettangian clay mineral assemblages (Holy Cross Mts area, Polish Basin) |url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=dce521c22ebe1465a3c456bf0f0e58e45a3549ae |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=53 |issue=3 |pages=363–368}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last1=Krupnik |first1=Joanna |last2=Ziaja |first2=Jadwiga |last3=Barbacka |first3=Maria |last4=Feldman-Olszewska |first4=Anna |last5=Jarzynka |first5=Agata |date=2014-06-01 |title=A palaeoenvironmental reconstruction based on palynological analyses of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic sediments from the Holy Cross Mountains region |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acpa-2014-0006 |journal=Acta Palaeobotanica |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=35–65 |doi=10.2478/acpa-2014-0006 |issn=2082-0259|doi-access=free }}</ref>
The Zagaje Formation's deposits are known from both outcrops and borehole profiles that consist primarily of sandstones, mudstones, and interspersed coal and siderite layers. It represents a stratigraphic gap with the underlying Upper Triassic formations and is capped by a transgressive contact with the Skłoby Formation.<ref name="Pieno" /> This unit contains freshwater fauna and diverse trace fossils, including vertebrate tracks.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Niedźwiedzki |first=Grzegorz |date=2011 |title=Tropy dinozaurów z wczesnojurajskiego ekosystemu z Sołtykowa w Górach Świętokrzyskich |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/bp/article/view/29178 |journal=Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego |language=en |volume=447 |issue=447 |pages=49–98 |issn=0867-6143}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Citation |last1=Pieńkowski |first1=Grzegorz |title=Climatic reversals related to the Central Atlantic magmatic province caused the end-Triassic biotic crisis—Evidence from continental strata in Poland |date=2014 |work=Volcanism, Impacts, and Mass Extinctions: Causes and Effects |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2014.2505(13) |access-date=2024-11-27 |publisher=Geological Society of America |isbn=978-0-8137-2505-5 |last2=Niedźwiedzki |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Brański |first3=Paweł|doi=10.1130/2014.2505(13) |url-access=subscription }}</ref> The paleoenvironment reflects a dynamic alluvial plain shaped predominantly by high-sinuosity stream processes, transitioning from earlier braided and low-sinuosity stream systems. This evolution is attributed to climatic changes, rising base levels, and decreasing geomorphological gradients. Observations, both from exposures and borehole data, highlight the dominance of avulsion processes, with several depositional subsystems identified. Facies with organic remains are diverse: riverbed biofacies, derived from meandering channels characterized by fining-upward sequences composed of channel lag deposits, point-bar sands, and finer overlying sediments.<ref name=":6" /> These deposits exhibit lateral accretion bedding and significant fossil bivalves and large-sized floated plant remains (stems and trunks of large plants) consistent with subaqueous dune migration within the channels; levee deposits derived from successive floods with scarce root traces, while plant remnants are common; Paleosoils with sparse traces of plant roots and remains of floating plants of highly variable size (mainly organic detritus, but also fragments of wood), fragments of bivalve shells and vertebrate remains (amniote bones, tracks, fish scales); the biofacies of the ephemeral water reservoir with plant remains, mainly horsetails, and fossils of insects, ostracods, and conchostraca; The pedogenic soil biofacies with remains of plant roots with preserved organic matter and rhizomes and stems in a living position; Floodplain biofacies with traces of numerous plant roots and plant macroremains, and remains of sedge stems preserved in a living position; Lake-marsh biofacies, dark, laminated mudstones with plant roots and coal, with few fossil bivalves, a large amount of organic matter in the form of plant detritus, and layers of coal and numerous finds of miospores and megaspores.<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":9" /> The local presence of charcoal fragments and high concentrations of PAHs, along with possible burnt plants, provides evidence for wildfires in the region, that likely occurred near the surface with charred wood fragments were subsequently incorporated into sediments by river transport.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Marynowski |first1=L. |last2=Simoneit |first2=B. R. T. |date=2009-11-24 |title=Widespread Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic wildfire records from Poland: evidence from charcoal and pyrolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-044r |journal=PALAIOS |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=785–798 |doi=10.2110/palo.2009.p09-044r |bibcode=2009Palai..24..785M |issn=0883-1351|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
The high presence of coprolites has allow also to stablish the tropic chain of the local biota, with a clear full ecosystemical substitution of the older Triassic archosaurs by Dinosaurs.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal |last1=Barbacka |first1=Maria |last2=Górecki |first2=Artur |last3=Pacyna |first3=Grzegorz |last4=Pieńkowski |first4=Grzegorz |last5=Philippe |first5=Marc |last6=Bóka |first6=Károly |last7=Ziaja |first7=Jadwiga |last8=Jarzynka |first8=Agata |last9=Qvarnström |first9=Martin |last10=Niedźwiedzki |first10=Grzegorz |date=2022 |title=Early Jurassic coprolites: insights into palaeobotany and the feeding behaviour of dinosaurs |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1425 |journal=Papers in Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.1002/spp2.1425 |bibcode=2022PPal....8E1425B |issn=2056-2799|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":7">{{Cite journal |last1=Qvarnström |first1=Martin |last2=Vikberg Wernström |first2=Joel |last3=Wawrzyniak |first3=Zuzanna |last4=Barbacka |first4=Maria |last5=Pacyna |first5=Grzegorz |last6=Górecki |first6=Artur |last7=Ziaja |first7=Jadwiga |last8=Jarzynka |first8=Agata |last9=Owocki |first9=Krzysztof |last10=Sulej |first10=Tomasz |last11=Marynowski |first11=Leszek |last12=Pieńkowski |first12=Grzegorz |last13=Ahlberg |first13=Per E. |last14=Niedźwiedzki |first14=Grzegorz |date=2024-11-27 |title=Digestive contents and food webs record the advent of dinosaur supremacy |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-08265-4 |journal=Nature |language=en |pages=1–7 |doi=10.1038/s41586-024-08265-4 |pmid=39604731 |issn=1476-4687|doi-access=free |pmc=11634772 }}</ref>
== Biota ==
=== Indet. Invertebrates === Several unname Ichnofossils are recovered at Soltyków, including conical domichnia (''Conichnus''?), bivalve straight to winding linear trails, smooth vertical and subvertical branching tunnels, knob-walled tunnels, mace-shaped or irregular ellipsoid chambers, etc.''<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />'' {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Made By |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Cruziana''<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''C. problematica'' * ''cf.C. isp'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Dwelling structures | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Insect larvae * Nematodes |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;"| ''Cochlichnus''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * ''C. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;"| Traces | style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * Annelids * Insect larvae * Nematodes |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Conichnus''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''C. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Subcylindrical burrows | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Nematodes * Crustaceans |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Diplichnites''<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''D. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Hypichnial trackway |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Insects * Myriapods * Arachnids |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Diplocraterion''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''D. parallelum'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | U-Shaped Burrows | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Crustaceans * Annelids * Poronidans * Insects * Fish |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Imbrichnus''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''I. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Burrows | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Bivalves * Crustaceans |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Kouphichnium''<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''cf. K. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | V-shaped hypichnial marks |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Xiphosura * Malacostraca |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Palaeophycus''<ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''P. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Straight or slightly curved burrows |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Bivalves * Crustaceans |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Planolites''<ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''P. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Horizontal burrows |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Bivalves * Crustaceans |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Rusophycus''<ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''R. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Resting Traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Resting traces of arthropods |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Scolicia''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Moving Traces | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Locomotion trace of gastropods |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Scoyenia''<ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Linear slender burrows |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Beetles? |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Skolithos''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":0"/> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Sac/Bottle shaped burrows | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Crustaceans * Insects |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | ''Spongeliomorpha''<ref name="Pieno"/><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. carlsbergi'' * ''S. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | Sac/Bottle shaped burrows | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Annelids * Crustaceans * Insects |- |}
=== Molluscs === Indeterminate gastropod egg capsules are known, similar to the ones recovered in the extant ''Neritina''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Zaton |first1=M. |last2=Niedzwiedzki |first2=G. |last3=Pienkowski |first3=G. |date=2009-08-20 |title=Gastropod egg capsules preserved on bivalve shells from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) of Poland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2009.p09-005r |journal=PALAIOS |volume=24 |issue=9 |pages=568–577 |doi=10.2110/palo.2009.p09-005r |bibcode=2009Palai..24..568Z |issn=0883-1351|url-access=subscription }}</ref> 4 unnamed morphotypes of freshwater bivalves of the family Unionidae are known.<ref name=":4" /> {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |''Anodonta''<ref name="JuraPol">{{cite journal |last1=Samsonowicz |first1=J . |date=1952 |title=Era mezozoiczna w Polsce |journal=Zarys geologii Polski [in Polish] |volume=1 |issue=2 |pages=90–130}}</ref><ref name="bivalve23">{{cite journal |last1=Kopik |first1=J. |date=1962 |title=Faunistic criteria of stratigraphical subdivision of the Lias in North-Western and Central Poland |journal=Wyd. Geol. Warszawa |pages=271–312}}</ref> | * ''A. liasokeuperina'' | * Soltyków |Isolated Shells |A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae |[[File:Anodonta kennerlyi.jpg|thumb|206x206px|Example of extant specimen of ''Anodonta''|center]] |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Calceoformites<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''C. uchmani'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Clog-shaped protrusions |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Bivalve estabilization traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |''Cardinia''<ref name=":3" /> | * ''C. follini''
* ''C. inglensis''
* ''C. cf.kullensis'' | * Gromadzice * Odrowaz * Podole * Soltyków |Isolated Shells |A Carditidae Bivalve. Indicator of oligohaline settings and found also on the younger Skłoby Formation | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Lockeia<ref name="Pieno" /><ref name=":2" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''L. siliquaria'' * ''L. amygdaloides'' * ''L. czarnockii'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Dwelling traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Resting traces of Bivalves |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |thumb|155x155px|center|Devonian Specimens |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Ptychoplasma''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pieńkowski |first1=G. |last2=Uchman |first2=A. |date=2009 |title=Ptychoplasma conica isp. nov.: a new bivalve locomotion trace fossil from the Lower Jurassic (Hettangian) alluvial sediments of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland |url=https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/entities/publication/e7dbe0c3-20e3-4de3-b4dc-543fe5005ea0 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=397–406}}</ref> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''P. conica'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Locomotion trace |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Gastropod Locomotion traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Scalichnus<ref name="Pieno" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. phiale'' * ''S. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sac/Bottle shaped burrows |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Escape structure of mud-dwelling bivalves |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Scolicia<ref name="Pieno" /><ref name=":2" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''S. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Locomotion and feeding trace of gastropods |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |''Unio''<ref name="JuraPol" /><ref name="bivalve2">{{cite journal |last1=Kopik |first1=J. |date=1962 |title=Faunistic criteria of stratigraphical subdivision of the Lias in North-Western and Central Poland |journal=Wyd. Geol. Warszawa |pages=271–312}}</ref> | * ''U. minutus'' | * Soltyków |Isolated Shells |A freshwater mussel, member of the family Unionidae |[[File:Unio_mancus2_A_MRKVICKA.JPG|thumb|155x155px|Example of extant specimen of Unio|center]] |- |''Viviparus<ref name="JuraPol" /><ref name="bivalve22">{{cite journal |last1=Kopik |first1=J. |date=1962 |title=Faunistic criteria of stratigraphical subdivision of the Lias in North-Western and Central Poland |journal=Wyd. Geol. Warszawa |pages=271–312}}</ref>'' | * ''V. spp.'' | * Soltyków |Isolated Shells |A freshwater snail, member of the family Viviparidae |[[File:Viviparus_contectus_3.JPG|thumb|155x155px|Example of extant specimen of Viviparus|center]] |- |}
=== Crustacea === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Images |- |''Bulbilimnadia''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" /> | * ''B. kilianorum'' | * Hucisko * Soltyków |Valves |A freshwater Ostracodan of the family Bulbilimnadiidae | |- |''Darwinula''<ref name=":4" /> | * ''D. sarytirmenensis'' * ''D. spp.'' | * Gromadzice * Hucisko * Odrowaz * Soltyków |Valves |A freshwater Ostracodan of the family Darwinulidae |thumb|197x197px|Example of Darwinula specimens|center |- |''Euestheria''<ref name="esth1">{{cite journal |last1=Jurkiewiczowa |first1=I. |date=1967 |title=Lias zachodniego obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskich i jego paralelizacja z liasem Wyżyny Krakowsko-Częstochowskiej |url=http://www.keuper.us.edu.pl/02_Keuper-literature/Jurkiewiczowa%201967%20BIG.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=Biul. Inst. Geol |volume=200 |issue=1 |pages=5–132 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101234516/http://www.keuper.us.edu.pl/02_Keuper-literature/Jurkiewiczowa%201967%20BIG.pdf |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=1 January 2022}}</ref><ref name="JuraPol" /><ref name="bivalve23" /> | * ''E. opalina'' * ''E. loczyi'' * ''E. brodieana'' * ''E. minuta'' * ''Euestheria sp.'' | * Gromadzice * Hucisko * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków |Valves |A Freshwater Clam shrimp (Phyllopodan) of the family Lioestheriidae. | |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Isopodichnus<ref name="Pieno" /><ref name=":2" />'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''I. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Gromadzice * Kontrewers * Odrowaz * Soltyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Hypichnial marks | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Feeding and moving traces of phyllopod and notostracan crustaceans | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |}
=== Insects === Radial chambers around large tunnels have been recovered, they may be arthropod burrows or traces of roots.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |last=PIEŃKOWSKI |first=GRZEGORZ |title=Early Liassic Trace Fossil Assemblages from the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland: Their Distribution in Continental and Marginal Marine Environments |date=1985 |work=Biogenic Structures |pages=37–51 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/pec.85.35.0037 |access-date=2024-11-27 |publisher=SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) |doi=10.2110/pec.85.35.0037 |isbn=0-918985-15-3|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Pieńkowski |first1=G. |last2=Niedźwiedzki |first2=G. |date=2008 |title=Invertebrate trace fossil assemblages from the lower Hettangian of Sołtyków, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland |url=https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSL9-0067-0010 |journal=Volumina Jurassica |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=109–132}}</ref> Large nest structures with septa, similar to nesting behaviour of insects like Cicadas are known.<ref name=":0" /> {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |''Artematopodites''<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Wegierek |first1=P. |last2=Zherikhin |first2=V. V. |date=1997 |title=An Early Jurassic insect fauna in the Holy Cross Mountains |url=https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21327.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=539–543}}</ref> |''A. ssp.'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/36, 39, 40 |A Coleopteran, member of the family Permosynidae | |- |Blattodea<ref name=":1" /> |Indeterminate | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/54 |Indeterminate Blattodean remains | |- |Blattulidae<ref name=":1" /> |Indeterminate | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/1 |Indeterminate Cockroach remains | |- |Caraboidea<ref name=":1" /> |Indeterminate | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/12, 15 |Indeterminate Beetle remains | |- |Coleoptera<ref name=":1" /> |Indeterminate | * Odrowaz |Isolated Wings |Indeterminate Beetle remains | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Helminthoidichnites''<ref name=":0" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''cf. H. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Gnawing traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|surficial gnawing traces made by insects |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| |- |''Hydrobiites''<ref name=":1" /> |''H. sp.'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/10, 13, 17, 22, 25, 33 |A Coleopteran, member of the family Permosynidae | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Linckichnus''<ref name=":0" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''L. terebrans'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Boring Traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Detritivorous habitation dwellings or oviposition structures of insects in dead wood |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| |- |''Memptus''<ref name=":1" /> |''M. sp.'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/44 |A Coleopteran, ''Incertade sedis'' | |- |''Notocupes''<ref name=":1" /> |''N. sp.'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/6 |A Coleopteran, ''Incertade sedis'' | |- |''Odrowazicoris''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Popov |first=Y. A. |date=1996 |title=The first record of a fossil water bug from the Lower Jurassic of Poland (Heteroptera: Nepomoprha: Belostomatidae) |url=https://agro.icm.edu.pl/agro/element/bwmeta1.element.agro-article-c9ebbdbf-0539-4546-9423-68caaa44ace5 |journal=Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=101–105}}</ref> |''O. polonicus'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/2 |A Hemipteran, member of the family Belostomatidae | |- |''Polysitum''<ref name=":1" /> |''P.? sp.'' | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/14, 29 |A Coleopteran, ''Incertade sedis'' | |- |Phoroschizidae<ref name=":1" /> |Indeterminate | * Odrowaz |MPK 5/4,5, 8, 20, 35 |Indeterminate Beetle remains | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Xylonichnus''<ref name=":0" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Cf.X. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| * Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Boring Traces |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Borings in the wood made probably by insect larvae |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| |}
=== Fish === Unidentified Actinopterygian fish scales and teeth were collected from clayish, organic-rich lake deposits, while some coprolites have been referred to Hybodontiform sharks.<ref name=":7" /> {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |''Semionotus''<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maślankiewiczowa |first=Zofia |date=1995 |title=Semionotus cf. bergeri Agassiz from the Lias of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app10-057.html |access-date=2024-11-28 |website=www.app.pan.pl}}</ref> |''S. cf. bergeri'' |Czarniecka Góra |Single specimen |A Semionotiform bony fish of the family Semionotidae |center|thumb|228x228px|Life restoration |- |Paleoniscidae<ref name=":7" /> |Indeterminate |Sołtyków |Scales & Teeth |Indeterminate Palaeonisciformes specimens | |}
=== Testudinata === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Chelonipus''<ref name=":7" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''C. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Turtle Tracks |style="background:#FEF6E4;"| |- |Testudinata<ref name=":7" /> |Indeterminate |Sołtyków |Carapace Fragments |Unidentified Turtle remains, quoted to belong to a large sized taxon | |}
=== Synapsids === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Ameghinichnus''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Cf.A. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Small Synapsid tracks, likely from Mammaliaformes | rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Morganucodon.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A genus similar to ''Morganucodon'' is most probably the best candidate for the local ''Brasilichnium'' footprints|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Brasilichnium''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''B. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Small Synapsid tracks, likely from Mammaliaformes |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Dicynodontipus''<ref name=":7" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''D. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Tracks referred to Eucynodonts, maybe Tritylodontidae | rowspan="2" style="background:#FEF6E4;" | [[File:Tritylodon longaevusDB24.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A genus similar to ''Tritylodon'' is most probably the best candidate for the local ''Dicynodontipus'' & ''Therapsipus'' footprints|center]] |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Therapsipus''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|''Cf.T. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;"|Tracks referred to Eucynodonts |}
=== Rhynchocephalia === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Rhynchosauroides''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''R. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks referable to both Sphenodontidae and Lepidosauromorpha | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Gephyrosaurus NT small.jpg|thumb|200x200px|A small taxon coeval in age like ''Gephyrosaurus'' is a good reference for the local ''Rhynchosauroides'' tracks|center]] |}
=== Crocodrylomorphs === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Batrachopus''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''B. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Crocodrylomorph Tracks, likely of terrestrial taxa | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Dibothrosuchus elaphros.png|center|thumb|200x200px|Terrestrial crocodylomorphs such as ''Dibothrosuchus'', were most likely the ''Batrachopus'' trackmakers.]] |- |Crocodylomorpha<ref name=":7" /> |Indeterminate |Sołtyków |Bones inside a large bromalite |An Indeterminate Crocodrylomorph, likely preyed on by a large Theropod | |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Crocodylomorpha<ref name=":4" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Indeterminate | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Unnamed 3rd type of Footprint | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Malutitetrapodiscus''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Cf.M. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Probably left by small terrestrial crocodylomorphs | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Stegomosuchus longipes.png|center|thumb|200x200px|Terrestrial crocodylomorphs such as ''Stegomosuchus'', were most likely the ''Malutitetrapodiscus'' trackmakers.]] |}
=== Pterosauria === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Pteraichnus''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''cf. P. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Pterosaur Tracks, the individuals that left them probably had a wingspan of about 30-40 cm | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Dimorphodon.png|thumb|200x200px|A small taxon coeval in age like ''Dimorphodon'' is a good reference for the local ''Pteraichnus'' tracks|center]] |}
=== Theropods === Some elliptical "post-egg" structures egshells & eggs with embryo remains have been referred to theropods, yet may also belong to Ornithischians.''<ref name=":4" />'' {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Anchisauripus<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="Niedźwiedzki">{{cite journal |last1=Niedźwiedzki |first1=G. |last2=Remin |first2=Z. |last3=Roszkowska |first3=J. |last4=Meissner |first4=U. |date=2008 |title=New finds of dinosaur tracks in the Liassic strata of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289572747 |journal=Przegląd Geologiczny |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=252–262 |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref><ref name="TRACK20">{{cite journal |last1=Pacyna |first1=G. |last2=Ziaja |first2=J. |last3=Barbacka |first3=M. |last4=Pieńkowski |first4=G. |last5=Jarzynka |first5=A. |last6=Niedźwiedzki |first6=G. |date=2022 |title=Early Jurassic dinosaur-dominated track assemblages, floristic and environmental changes in the Holy Cross Mountains region, Poland |url=https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/view/33318 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=66–29 |doi=10.7306/gq.1660 |s2cid=253535115 |access-date=2 June 2023 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="FundaciónDino">{{cite journal |last1=Gierlinski |first1=G. D. |date=2007 |title=New dinosaur tracks in the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous of Poland |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297363018 |journal=Jornadas Internacionales Sobre Paleontoloia de Dinosaurios y Su Entrono, Salas de los Infantes, Burgos, Spain |pages=13–16 |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''A. ispp.'' * ''Cf.A. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Adscribed to smal slender primitive predatory dinosaurs, related with genera such as ''Coelophysis'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Procompsognathus.jpg|thumb|200x200px|''Anchisauripus'' may belong to a genus similar to ''Procompsognathus''|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Eubrontes<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="TRACK20" /><ref name="FundaciónDino" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''E. isp.'' * ''Cf.E. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Eubrontes'' is related to the Genus ''Dilophosaurus'', representing a basal Neotheropods | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |thumb|200x200px|Oudated ''Dilophosaurus'' model nicknamed "Dyzio", who was done in honor of the Zagaje Finds|center |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Grallator<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="Niedźwiedzki" /><ref name="TRACK20" /><ref name="Gierlinsk2005-1">{{cite journal |last1=Gierlinski |first1=G. |last2=Niedzwiedzki. |first2=G. |date=2005 |title=New saurischian dinosaur footprints from the Lower Jurassic of Poland |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239625319 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=49 |issue=1 |pages=99–104 |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''G. ispp.'' * ''Cf.G. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Similar pes with Coelophysidae-alike dinosaurs, related with neotheropods such as ''Dracoraptor''. | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Dracoraptor.jpg|thumb|200x200px|''Grallator'' footprints may belong to a genus similar to ''Dracoraptor''|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Kayentapus<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="Niedźwiedzki" /><ref name="TRACK20" /><ref name="FundaciónDino" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''K. soltykovensis''<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gierliński |first=Gerard |date=1991 |title=New dinosaur ichnotaxa from the Early Jurassic of the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(91)90030-u |journal=Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology |volume=85 |issue=1–2 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.1016/0031-0182(91)90030-u |bibcode=1991PPP....85..137G |issn=0031-0182|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * ''K. ispp.'' * ''Cf.K. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Assumed to come from Genera similar to ''Sarcosaurus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Sarcosaurus life restoration.jpg|thumb|200x200px|''Kayentapus'' footprints may belong to a genus similar to ''Sarcosaurus''|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Megalosauripus<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="TRACK20" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gierlinski |first1=G. |last2=Niedzwiedzki |first2=G. |last3=Pienkowski |first3=G. |date=2001 |title=Gigantic footprint of a theropod dinosaur in the Early Jurassic of Poland |url=https://www.app.pan.pl/article/item/app46-441.html#:~:text=A%20gigantic%20theropod%20footprint%20was,dinosaurs%20in%20the%20Early%20Jurassic. |journal=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica |volume=46 |issue=3 |pages=441–446}}</ref> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Cf.M. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Large bodied taxa, maybe related with ''Sinosaurus''. Among the largest early Jurassic theropod tracks worldwide. | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Dornraptor normani.png|thumb|200x200px|''Megalosauripus'' footprints can belong to a large relative of ''Sinosaurus'' or regional taxa such as ''Dornraptor''|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Plesiornis<ref name=":4" />''<ref name=":6" /><ref name="TRACK20" /> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''cf. P. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Theropod Tracks from small sized taxa with convergent features with latter Avians | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Stenonyx<ref name=":4" />''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gierlinski |first1=G. |last2=Niedzwiedzki |first2=G. |date=2002 |title=Enigmatic dinosaur footprints from the Lower Jurassic of Poland |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239616341 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=46 |issue=4 |pages=467}}</ref> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''Cf.S. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Small Theropod tracks, likely from juveniles of larger taxa | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |Theropoda''<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":7" />'' |Indeterminate | * Hucisko * Sołtyków | * Teeth * Isolated Bones * Bromalites |Some coprolites, referred to Theropods include plant material, probably ingested accidentally by drinking water.<ref name=":8" /> Others include large bone remains or fish scales.''<ref name=":7" />'' Teeth corroborate the presence of large taxa in the area.''<ref name=":7" />'' | |}
=== Sauropodomorpha === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Kalosauropus''<ref name="TRACK20" /> |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''K. pollex'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Gromadzice |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks referred to early quadrupedal or semibipedal sauropodomorphs |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Massospondylus TD.png|thumb|200x200px|Local ''Kalosauropus'' resemble the feet of the genus ''Massospondylus''|center]] |- | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |Megaloolithidae?<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pienkowski |first=G. |date=1998 |title=Dinosaur nesting ground from the Early Jurassic fluvial deposits, Holy Cross Mountains (Poland) |url=https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/viewFile/8186/pdf_278 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=42 |issue=4 |pages=461–476}}</ref> | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |Indeterminate | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |Sołtyków | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |Eggshells, eggs with embryo remains & spherical "post-egg" structures | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |Nesting structures & associated eggs referred to sauropods | style="background:#E3F5FF;" |[[File:Underside_of_a_clutch_of_Megaloolithus_siruguei_at_Pinyes_locality_-_Tremp_Formation.jpg|thumb|Example of ''Megaloolithus,'' a fossil Sauropod egg|center|206x206px]] |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Otozoum<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Cf.O. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks referred to early quadrupedal or semibipedal sauropodomorphs |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Parabrontopodus<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''P. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sauropod tracks, usually referred to taxa similar to ''Vulcanodon'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Vulcanodon.png|thumb|200x200px|Local ''Parabrontopodus'' resemble the feet of the genus ''Vulcanodon''|center]] |- |Sauropodomorpha''<ref name=":7" />'' |Indeterminate |Hucisko | * Isolated bones
* Bromalites |Indeterminate Sauropodomorph bones | |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Tetrasauropus<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Cf.T. isp'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks referred to early quadrupedal or semibipedal sauropodomorphs |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Aardonyx TD.png|thumb|200x200px|Local ''Tetrasauropus'' resemble the feet of the genus ''Aardonyx''|center]] |}
=== Ornithischia === {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Location !Material !Notes !Images |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Anomoepus<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''A. scambus'' * ''A. ispp.'' * ''Cf.A. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * Sołtyków
*Gromadzice | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks that resemble the feet of "''Stormbergia''" and various Genasauria of different sizes | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Stormbergia.jpg|thumb|200x200px|''"Stormbergia"´s feet'' matches with the ''Anomoepus'' tracks|center]] |- |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Delatorrichnus<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7" />'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''D. isp.'' |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Sołtyków |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks usually referred to Heterodontosauridae or similar taxa |style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Heterodontosaurus restoration.jpg|thumb|200x200px|''Heterodontosaurus's feet'' matches with the ''Delatorrichnus'' tracks|center]] |- | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |''Moyenisauropus''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Gierlinski |first1=G. D. |last2=Kowalski |first2=K. Z. |date=2006 |title=Footprint of a large ornithischian from the ancient sacred site of Kontrewers, Poland. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266294551 |journal=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=217–220}}</ref> | style="background:#FEF6E4;" | * ''M. karaszevskii'' * ''M. isp.'' * ''Cf.M. isp.'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Kontrewers | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Footprints | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |Tracks adscribed to basal Thyreophora, vinculated with genera such as ''Scelidosaurus'' | style="background:#FEF6E4;" |[[File:Scelidosaurus harrisonii flipped transparent.png|center|thumb|200x200px|''Scelidosaurus'' ''feet'' matches with the ''Moyenisauropus'' trackmaker]] |}
=== Plants === In Palynology, the Zagaje Formation belongs to the ''Nathorstisporites'' ''hopliticus'' assemblage (Isoetales), indicating a spike in marshland and lacustrine settings.<ref name="Palyo">{{cite journal |last1=Marcinkiewicz |first1=T. |last2=Fijałkowska-Mader |first2=A. |last3=Pieńkowski |first3=G. |date=2014 |title=Megaspore zones of the epicontinental Triassic and Jurassic deposits in Poland–overview. Biuletyn Państwowego |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/bp/article/view/29268 |journal=Instytutu Geologicznego |volume=457 |issue=7 |pages=15–42}}</ref> The Sołtyków outcrop is dominated by ''Classopollis'' (Cheirolepidiaceae), ''Aratrisporites'' (Cycadidae), ''Concavisporites'' (Dipteridaceae) and ''Cyathidites'' (Cyatheaceae).<ref name=":9" /> {| class="wikitable" !Genus !Species !Stratigraphic position !Material !Notes !Images |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Aciphyllum''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''A. triangulatum'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Pinaceae inside Pinales. The oldest record of a ''Pinus''-like needle in the fossil record |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Brachyphyllum''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''B. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae or Araucariaceae inside Pinales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Brachyphyllum_(36275546803)_(cropped).jpg|none|thumb|212x212px|''Brachyphyllum'' specimen]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Caytonia<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal |last1=Barbacka |first1=Maria |last2=Pacyna |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Feldman-Olszewska |first3=Anna |last4=Ziaja |first4=Jadwiga |last5=Bodor |first5=Emese |date=2014-12-10 |title=Triassic-Jurassic Flora of Poland; Floristical Support of Climatic Changes |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2014-0015 |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=281–309 |doi=10.2478/agp-2014-0015 |bibcode=2014AcGeP..64..281B |issn=2300-1887}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal |last1=Barbacka |first1=Maria |last2=Ziaja |first2=Jadwiga |last3=Wcislo-Luraniec |first3=Elzbieta |date=2010-09-10 |title=Taxonomy and palaeoecology of the Early Jurassic macroflora from Odrowąż, central Poland |url=https://geojournals.pgi.gov.pl/agp/article/view/9948 |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |language=en |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=373–392}}</ref>'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * C. sp. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Reproductive structure |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Caytoniaceae in the Caytoniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Czekanowskia<ref name=":7" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''C. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Hucisko | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Branched Shoots | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with the Czekanowskiales inside Ginkgoopsida. This Genus is related with relatively drier-cooler conditions. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Desmiophyllum''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''D. harrisii'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |A possible Conifer leaf, recent finds of it associated with the cone genera ''Sphaerostrobus'' and ''Ourostrobus'' points to a coniferophyte affinity, maybe as a member of Palissyaceae.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=van Konijnenburg-van Cittert |first1=J.H.A. |last2=Schmeißner |first2=S. |last3=D. |first3=G. |last4=Kustatscher |first4=E. |last5=Pott |first5=C. |date=2024-03-13 |title=Plant macrofossils from the Rhaetian of Einberg near Coburg (Bavaria, Germany). Part 3. Conifers, incertae sedis and general discussion |journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen |volume=310 |issue=3 |pages=251–282 |doi=10.1127/njgpa/2023/1182 |issn=0077-7749}}</ref> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Dictyophyllum<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''D. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Gleicheniales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Dictyophyllum_nilssonii.jpg|none|thumb|155x155px|''Dictyophyllum'' specimen]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Goepertella<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''G. microloba'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Gleicheniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Hirmeriella<ref name=":7" />''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barbacka |first1=M. |last2=Ziaja |first2=J. |last3=Wcisło-Luraniec |first3=E. |last4=Reymanówna |first4=M. |date=2007 |title=Hirmeriella muensteri (Schenk) Jung from Odrowąż (Poland), with female and male cones, and in situ Classopolis pollen grains. |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/75225425/Hirmeriella_muensteri_Schenk_Jung_from20211126-14515-157gl65.pdf |journal=Acta Palaeobotanica |volume=47 |issue=2 |pages=339–357}}</ref> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''H. muensteri'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Hucisko * Odrowąż | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Branched Shoots and reproductive cones | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Komlopteris''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''K. distinctiva'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities Corystospermaceae inside Corystospermales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Matonia''<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Barbacka |first1=Maria |last2=Pacyna |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Pieńkowski |first3=Grzegorz |last4=Ziaja |first4=Jadwiga |date=2016-12-15 |title=New data about Matonia braunii (Göppert) Harris from the Early Jurassic of Poland and its ecology |url=https://gq.pgi.gov.pl/article/view/25554/pdf_1320 |journal=Geological Quarterly |volume=60 |issue=4 |doi=10.7306/gq.1322 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''M. braunii'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Niekłań PGI-1 |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Matoniaceae inside Gleicheniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Neocalamites<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''N. lehmannianus'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Stems | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Calamitaceae inside Equisetopsida. A common horsetail on the Liassic of Europe. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |center|thumb|150x150px|''Neocalamites'' specimens |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Nilssonia''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''N. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Cycadeoidaceae in the Bennettitales or alternatively a member of Nilssoniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |center|thumb|234x234px|''Nilssonia'' specimen |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Odrolepis<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''O. liassica'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Complete Plants | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Lycopodiales | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Otozamites<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''O. brevifolius'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaflets |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Williamsoniaceae in the Bennettitales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Otozamites_Anina_jurassic_(15586380432).jpg|none|thumb|155x155px|''Otozamites'' specimen]] |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Pachypteris''<ref name=":8" />''<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. lanceolata'' * ''P. papillosa'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities Corystospermaceae inside Corystospermales. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Paracycas<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. minuta'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaflets |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Cycadales in the Cycadopsida. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Piroconites<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. kuespertii'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Reproductive structure |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Gnetales, maybe with Welwitschiaceae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Phlebopteris<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. angustiloba'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Matoniaceae in the Gleicheniales. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Phlebopteris_(7991991163).jpg|none|thumb|155x155px|''Phlebopteris'' specimen]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Podozamites''<ref name=":8" />''<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. cf. schenkii '' * ''P. sp.'' * ''Cf. P. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Branched shoots |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Krassilovia_mongolica_and_Podozamites_harrisii.png|none|thumb|200x200px|''Podozamites'' reconstruction]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Pseudotorellia''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''Cf.P. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with the Pseudotorelliaceae inside Ginkgoopsida. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Pterophyllum<ref name=":8" /><ref name=":7" /><ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''P. sp.'' * ''Cf.P. sp.'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaflets |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Williamsoniaceae in the Bennettitales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Pterophyllum_longifolium_fossil_-_Botanischer_Garten,_Dresden,_Germany_-_DSC08505.JPG|none|thumb|155x155px|''Pterophyllum'' specimen]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Ptilozamites''<ref name=":8" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * P. cycadea |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Cuticles |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities Corystospermaceae inside Corystospermales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Sagenopteris<ref name=":7" />''<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":11" /> |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''S. nilssoniana'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Leaves |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Caytoniaceae in the Caytoniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |[[File:Sagenopteris_phillipsi_Natural_History_Museum_v18596_Retallack_1980.jpg|none|thumb|155x155px|''Sagenopteris'' specimen]] |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Schmeissneria<ref name=":7" /><ref name="Megaflor2">{{cite journal |last1=Pacyna |first1=G. |date=2013 |title=Critical review of research on the Lower Jurassic flora of Poland. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265412049 |journal=Acta Palaeobotanica |volume=53 |issue=2 |pages=141–163 |doi=10.2478/acpa-2013-0015 |s2cid=129464899 |access-date=13 October 2021 |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''S. microstachys'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Odrowąż * Sołtyków |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Reproductive structure |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Ginkgoopsida or with Angiosperm-convergent Gimnosperms |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Swedenborgia<ref name=":4" /><ref name="Megaflor2" />'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''S. sp.'' | style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Sołtyków | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Branched Shoots | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Krassiloviaceae inside Voltziales. | style="background:#D1FFCF;" |center|thumb|150x150px|''Swedenborgia'' specimens |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Thaumatopteris<ref name=":7" /><ref name="Megaflor2" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''T. brauniana'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Hucisko * Odrowąż |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Dipteridaceae inside Gleicheniales |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |- |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |''Todites<ref name=":7" /><ref name="Megaflor2" /><ref name=":11" />'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * ''T. princeps'' |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | * Hucisko * Odrowąż |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Pinnae |style="background:#D1FFCF;" |Affinities with Osmundaceae in the Osmundales. |style="background:#D1FFCF;" | |}
== See also == * List of stratigraphic units with indeterminate ornithischian tracks {{div col|colwidth=29em}} * Blue Lias, England * Charmouth Mudstone Formation, England * Sorthat Formation, Denmark * Hasle Formation, Denmark * Drzewica Formation, Poland * Ciechocinek Formation, Poland * Borucice Formation, Poland * Rotzo Formation, Italy * Saltrio Formation, Italy * Moltrasio Formation, Italy * Marne di Monte Serrone, Italy * Calcare di Sogno, Italy * Podpeč Limestone, Slovenia * Coimbra Formation, Portugal * El Pedregal Formation, Spain * Fernie Formation, Canada * Whiteaves Formation, British Columbia * Navajo Sandstone, Utah * Aganane Formation, Morocco * Tafraout Group, Morocco * Azilal Formation, Morocco * Budoš Limestone, Montenegro * Kota Formation, India * Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Argentina * Los Molles Formation, Argentina * Kandreho Formation, Madagascar * Elliot Formation, South Africa * Clarens Formation, South Africa * Evergreen Formation, Australia * Cattamarra Coal Measures, Australia * Hanson Formation, Antarctica * Mawson Formation, Antarctica {{div col end}}
== References == {{Reflist}}
=== Bibliography === * {{citation |last1=Weishampel |first1=David B. |author2-link=Peter Dodson |last2=Dodson |first2=Peter |author3-link=Halszka Osmólska |last3=Osmólska |first3=Halszka |year=2004 |title=The Dinosauria, 2nd edition |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vtZFDb_iw40C |publisher=Berkeley: University of California Press |pages=1–880 |accessdate=2019-02-21 |isbn=0-520-24209-2 |author1-link=David B. Weishampel }}
Category:Jurassic Poland Category:Hettangian Stage Category:Early Jurassic Europe Category:Jurassic System of Europe Category:Sandstone formations Category:Mudstone formations Category:Deltaic deposits Category:Fluvial deposits Category:Lacustrine deposits Category:Ichnofossiliferous formations Category:Paleontology in Poland Category:Geologic formations of Poland