{{Short description|Family of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Xylographa parallela-1.jpg | image_caption = Herbarium specimen of ''Xylographa parallela'' growing on driftwood; 30X magnification | taxon = Xylographaceae | authority = Tuck. (1888) | type_genus = ''Xylographa'' | type_genus_authority = (Fr.) Fr. (1836) | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = ''Lambiella''<br /> ''Lithographa''<br /> ''Ptychographa''<br /> ''Xylographa'' | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Resl et al. 2015"/> | synonyms = *Lithographaceae {{small|Poelt (1974)}} }}
'''''Xylographaceae''''' is a family of lichen-forming fungi in the order Baeomycetales. It contains four genera and 25 species.<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020"/>
==Taxonomy== The family was circumscribed in 1888 by American lichenologist Edward Tuckerman (as "Xylographei"). His concept of the family included only ''Agyrium'', and the type genus, ''Xylographa''.<ref name="Tuckerman 1888"/> In 1929, British lichenologist Walter Watson published a system of lichen classification and included the genera ''Lithographa'', ''Ptychographa'', and ''Encephalographa'' in the Xylographaceae, leaving out ''Agyrium''.<ref name="Watson 1929"/> After that, the family was rarely used until it was resurrected in 2015 following molecular phylogenetic analysis of trapelioid fungi in the subclass Ostropomycetidae. In this analysis, it was determined that trapelioid taxa fall into two major phylogenetic groups; the first group – containing the genera ''Rimularia'', ''Placynthiella'', ''Trapeliopsis'', ''Trapelia'', and ''Placopsis'' – are part of the family Trapeliaceae. The remaining trapelioid genera are in the Xylographaceae.<ref name="Resl et al. 2015"/>
==Description== Most species in the Xylographaceae have linearized, hysteriothecial ascomata.<ref name="Resl et al. 2015"/> These are ascomata with elongated ascocarps that are initially closed but open by means of a longitudinal fissure that exposes the hymenium.
==Genera== *''Brianiopsis'' {{au|S.Y.Kondr. (2022)}} – 7 spp. *''Lambiella'' {{au|Hertel (1984)}}<ref name="Hertel 1984"/> – 12 spp. *''Lithographa'' {{au|Nyl. (1857)}}<ref name="Nylander 1857"/> – 10 spp. *''Ptychographa'' {{au|Nyl. (1874)}}<ref name="Nylander 1874"/> – 1 sp. *''Spiloma'' {{au|Bornet (1856)}} – 11 spp. *''Xyloelixia'' {{au|S.Y.Kondr. (2022)}} – 4 spp. *''Xylographa'' {{au|(Fr.) Fr. (1836)}} – 2 spp.
==References== {{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Hertel 1984">{{cite journal |last1=Hertel |first1=H. |year=1984 |title=Über saxicole, lecideoide Flechten der Subantarktis |journal=Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia |volume=79 |pages=399–499 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref name="Nylander 1857">{{cite journal |last1=Nylander |first1=W. |year=1857 |title=Prodromus lichenographiae Galliae et Algeriae |journal=Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux |volume=21 |page=393 |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/3355875}}</ref>
<ref name="Nylander 1874">{{cite journal |last1=Nylander |first1=W. |year=1874 |title=Addenda nova ad lichenographiam europaeam. Contin. XVIII |journal=Flora (Regensburg) |volume=57 |pages=305–318 |language=la}}</ref>
<ref name="Resl et al. 2015">{{cite journal |last1=Resl |first1=Philipp |last2=Schneider |first2=Kevin |last3=Westberg |first3=Martin |last4=Printzen |first4=Christian |last5=Palice |first5=Zdeněk |last6=Thor |first6=Göran |last7=Fryday |first7=Alan |last8=Mayrhofer |first8=Helmut |last9=Spribille |first9=Toby |year=2015 |title=Diagnostics for a troubled backbone: testing topological hypotheses of trapelioid lichenized fungi in a large-scale phylogeny of Ostropomycetidae (Lecanoromycetes) |journal=Fungal Diversity |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=239–258 |doi=10.1007/s13225-015-0332-y|pmid=26321894 |pmc=4746758 }}</ref>
<ref name="Tuckerman 1888">{{cite book |last1=Tuckerman |first1=Edward |year=1888 |title=A Synopsis of the North American Lichens |volume=2 |page=110 |location=New Bedford |publisher=E. Anthony & Sons |isbn=978-0-665-33150-3 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31944496}}</ref>
<ref name="Watson 1929">{{cite journal |last1=Watson |first1=W. |year=1929 |title=The classification of lichens. Part II |journal=New Phytologist |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=85–116 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-8137.1929.tb06749.x |url=https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1929.tb06749.x|url-access=subscription }}</ref>
<ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2020">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last1=Wijayawardene |first1=Nalin |last2=Hyde |first2=Kevin |first3=Laith Khalil Tawfeeq |last3=Al-Ani |last4=Somayeh |first4=Dolatabadi |last5=Stadler |first5=Marc |last6=Haelewaters |first6=Danny |last7=Tsurykau |first7=Andrei |last8=Mesic |first8=Armin |last9=Navathe |first9=Sudhir |last10=Papp |first10=Viktor |last11=Oliveira Fiuza |first11=Patrícia |last12=Vázquez |first12=Víctor |last13=Gautam |first13=Ajay |last14=Becerra |first14=Alejandra G. |last15=Ekanayaka |first15=Anusha |last16=K. C. |first16=Rajeshkumar |last17=Bezerra |first17=Jadson |last18=Matočec |first18=Neven |last19=Maharachchikumbura |first19=Sajeewa |last20=Suetrong |first20=Satinee |year=2020 |title=Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa |journal=Mycosphere |volume=11 |pages=1060–1456 |doi=10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8 |doi-access=free|hdl=10481/61998 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
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Category:Baeomycetales Category:Lecanoromycetes families Category:Taxa named by Edward Tuckerman Category:Taxa described in 1888 Category:Lichen families