{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{About|the genus of fungi|the town in southern Italy|Agira}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Agyrium rufum 63877732.jpg | image_caption = ''Agyrium rufum'' | taxon = Agyrium | authority = Fr. (1822) | type_species = ''Agyrium rufum'' | type_species_authority = (Pers.) Fr. (1822) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''A. aurantium''<br /> ''A. rufum'' | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Agyrium'' {{small|Fr. (1821)}} *''Exogone'' {{small|Henn. (1908)}} *''Myxomphalos'' {{small|Wallr. (1833)}} }}
'''''Agyrium''''' is a genus of saprophytic fungi in the family Agyriaceae. It probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi.<ref name="Esslinger1997">[http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm Esslinger, T. L. 2009. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada. North Dakota State University. First posted December 1 1997; most recent update 27 August, 2009. Fargo, North Dakota.]</ref>
==Taxonomy== ''Agyrium'' was first proposed by Elias Magnus Fries in his 1821 work ''Systema Mycologicum'',<ref name="Fries 1821"/> although the name was not published validly as a type species was not indicated;<ref name="Index Fungorum: Agyrium"/> Fries published the name validly a year later in the second volume of the same work.<ref name="Fries 1822"/> The species ''Agyrium rufum'' was assigned as the type by Frederic Clements and Cornelius Lott Shear in 1931.<ref name="Clements & Shear 1931"/>
==Description== Characteristics of genus ''Agyrium'' include the following: a poorly developed thallus that is immersed in its substrate; ascomata in the form of an apothecium with a reduced ring-shaped exciple (the layer surrounding the hymenium that sometimes develops into a distinct margin); paraphyses that are highly branched; and ascospores that are ellipsoid and thin-walled.<ref name="Kantvilas 2002"/>
The mycelia of ''Agyrium'' fungi, although not strictly lichenised, are associated with and sometimes penetrate green algae – particularly near the apothecia.<ref name="Kantvilas 2002"/> This is a condition that has been described as "facultative parasitism".<ref name="Lumbsch 1997"/>
==Species== {{As of|2021|May}}, Species Fungorum accepts two species of ''Agyrium''. *''Agyrium aurantium'' {{small|W.Y.Zhuang & Zhu L.Yang (2006)}} *''Agyrium rufum'' {{small|(Pers.) Fr. (1822)}}
The type species, ''Agyrium rufum'', has a largely Northern Hemisphere distribution and occurs widely in Europe, although it has also been recorded in Tasmania.<ref name="Kantvilas 2002"/> ''Agyrium aurantium'' occurs in China.<ref name="Zhuang & Yang 2006"/>
Although 46 taxa have been placed in ''Agyrium'' since its inception, many of them were described more than a century ago and have not been investigated with modern molecular techniques. Several of them have since been transferred to other genera. For example: *''Agyrium caesium'' {{small|Fr. (1822)}} = ''Puttea caesia'' *''Agyrium densum'' {{small|Fuckel (1871)}} = ''Mellitiosporiella densa'' *''Agyrium flavescens'' {{small|Rehm (1903)}} = ''Skyttella mulleri'' *''Agyrium nigricans'' {{small|Fr. (1822)}} = ''Platygloea nigricans'' *''Agyrium nitidum'' {{small|Lib. (1834)}} = ''Agyriella nitida'' *''Agyrium phragmiticola'' {{small|Hansf. (1946)}} = ''Neottiosporina phragmiticola'' *''Agyrium solidaginis'' {{small|(Ces.) De Not. (1863)}} = ''Ploettnera solidaginis'' *''Agyrium vulpinum'' {{small|(Tul.) H.Olivier}} = ''Phacopsis vulpina''
==References== {{Reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="Clements & Shear 1931">{{cite book |last1=Clements |first1=Frederic E. |last2=Chear |first2=Cornelius L. |year=1931 |title=The Genera of Fungi |publisher=H.W. Wilson Company |location=New York |page=331 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4699950}}</ref>
<ref name="Fries 1821">{{cite book |last1=Fries |first1=E.M. |year=1821 |title=Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit |volume=1 |location=Lundin |publisher=Ex Officina Berlingiana |page=lv |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4338028}}</ref>
<ref name="Fries 1822">{{cite book |last1=Fries |first1=E.M. |year=1821 |title=Systema mycologicum : sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit |volume=2 |location=Gryphiswaldae |publisher=Sumtibus Ernesti Mauritii |pages=210, 231 |language=la |url=https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/10326/?offset=#page=214&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q=}}</ref>
<ref name="Index Fungorum: Agyrium">{{cite web |title=Record Details: ''Agyrium'' Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 210, 231 (1822) |url=https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=93 |publisher=Index Fungorum |access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Kantvilas 2002">{{cite journal |last1=Kantvilas |first1=G. |year=2002 |title=''Agyrium'' Fr., ''Bryophagus'' Nitschke ex Arnold and ''Racodium'' Fr., lichen genera previously unrecorded for Australia |journal=Muelleria |volume=16 |pages=65–70 |doi=10.5962/p.254660 |s2cid=251000769 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279834167|doi-access=free }}</ref>
<ref name="Lumbsch 1997">{{cite journal |last1=Lumbsch |first1=H. Thorsten |year=1997 |title=Systematic studies in the sub-order Argyriineae (Lecanorales) |journal=Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory |volume=83 |pages=1–73 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/279547855}}</ref>
<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy">{{cite web |title=''Agyrium'' Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 210, 231 (1822) |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=93 |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=19 May 2021}}</ref>
<ref name="Zhuang & Yang 2006">{{cite journal |last1=Zhuang |first1=Wen-Ying |last2=Yang |first2=Zhu-Liang |year=2006 |title=A new species of ''Agyrium'' from Yunnan, China |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=96 |pages=169–172 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0096/0169.htm}}</ref>
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Category:Pertusariales Category:Pertusariales genera Category:Taxa described in 1822 Category:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries