{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Placopsis lambii Jymm.jpg | image_caption = ''Placopsis lambii'' | taxon = Placopsis | authority = (Nyl.) Linds. (1866) | type_species = ''Placopsis gelida'' | type_species_authority = (L.) Linds. (1866) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivisions = | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Placopsis"/> | synonyms = *''Squamarina'' subgen. ''Placopsis'' {{au|Nyl. (1861)}} }}
'''''Placopsis''''' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Trapeliaceae. First introduced as a subgenus in 1861 by William Nylander, the genus now comprises about 50 named species worldwide and shows its greatest diversity in the Southern Hemisphere. These lichens are conspicuous crustose to {{lichengloss|placodioid}} forms that typically grow on rock or soil, characterised by orbicular or irregularly spreading patches with lobed margins. A defining feature of the genus is the presence of cephalodia, which are nodules containing cyanobacteria that are often centrally placed on the thallus. This distinctive appearance inspired the common name 'bull's-eye lichens' for some North American species.
==Taxonomy==
''Placopsis'' was introduced by William Nylander in 1861 as a subgenus for the species ''Squamaria gelida'' and ''S. rhodocarpa''.<ref name="Nylander 1861"/> Nylander had earlier placed taxa now treated in ''Placopsis'' in the genera ''Lecanora'' and ''Squamaria'', and he later wavered between treating ''Placopsis'' as an independent genus or as a subgenus of ''Lecanora''. William Lauder Lindsay was an early adopter of genus rank, but many nineteenth- and early twentieth-century lichenologists continued to maintain ''Placopsis'' as a section or subgenus of ''Lecanora'' (or sometimes within ''Placodium''). By the early twentieth century it was more widely accepted as a separate genus, and Elke Mackenzie's 1947 monograph became the main foundation for later taxonomic discussions of the group.<ref name="Galloway 2013"/>
In David Galloway's 2013 treatment of the genus, ''Placopsis'' comprises about 52 named species worldwide and is most diverse in the Southern Hemisphere. In North America some members are called "bull's-eye lichens", a vernacular name referring to their often centrally placed cephalodia.<ref name="Galloway 2013"/>
The higher-level classification of ''Placopsis'' has also shifted. The genus has been placed at different times in ''Trapeliaceae'' and ''Pertusariaceae'', and later in ''Agyriaceae''; subsequent molecular studies rejected a broadly defined ''Agyriaceae'' and supported reinstating ''Trapeliaceae'' for ''Placopsis'' and related genera, alongside the establishment of the order Trapeliales to accommodate that family. Molecular work also indicated that the lichen previously treated as ''Placopsis macrophthalma'' is more closely allied to ''Orceolina'' than to ''Placopsis'', and it has therefore been treated as the single species of the resurrected genus ''Aspiciliopsis''.<ref name="Galloway 2013"/>
==Description==
Species of ''Placopsis'' are conspicuous crustose to {{lichengloss|placodioid}} lichens that usually grow on rock or soil, and only rarely on dust-impregnated wood. The thallus (lichen body) often forms an orbicular or irregularly spreading patch with a lobed margin and a more firmly crustose centre that may be cracked or broken into {{lichengloss|areoles}}. In some species the thallus is made up of small squamules, especially towards the margins. Several species also develop a dark {{lichengloss|prothallus}}: a brown-black border that extends beyond the thallus edge and lacks photosynthetic tissue. Thallus colour is variable and can look quite different when moist versus dry. Cephalodia (nodules that house cyanobacteria) are a defining feature of the genus and are usually conspicuous, though they may be sparse or absent in some material. They may be immersed in the thallus or sit on its surface, and in some species can later be partly overgrown by thallus tissue and even develop apothecia (fruiting bodies).<ref name="Galloway 2013"/>
The primary photosynthetic partner ({{lichengloss|photobiont}}) in ''Placopsis'' is a green, {{lichengloss|chlorococcoid}} alga, while the cephalodia contain cyanobacteria of several types. Some species also reproduce vegetatively by forming isidia (small outgrowths) or soredia (powdery granules) produced in soralia. Other surface characters used in identification include {{lichengloss|maculae}} (pale, photobiont-free patches giving a marbled look), pseudocyphellae (small pores), and {{lichengloss|pruina}} (a frost-like dusting). Sexual reproduction occurs in apothecia that are typically {{lichengloss|zeorine}} in form, with both a {{lichengloss|thalline rim}} and a distinct {{lichengloss|proper margin}}. Apothecia are usually {{lichengloss|sessile}} but may be partly immersed, and the {{lichengloss|disc}} often shifts from concave to flatter or convex with age, with colours ranging from pinks and reds through browns to almost black. Pycnidia (asexual fruiting bodies) are common in the genus and produce thread-like conidia. Microscopically, asci are ''Trapelia''-type and usually bear eight simple, colourless spores. The secondary chemistry of ''Placopsis'' is relatively uniform, with gyrophoric acid frequent, alongside a broader set of depsides, depsidones, anthraquinones and other compounds; some taxa show acid-deficient chemotypes.<ref name="Galloway 2013"/>
==Species== thumb|right|''Placopsis gelida'' in Iceland {{As of|2026|January}}, Species Fungorum (via the Catalog of Life) accepts 41 species of ''Placopsis''.<ref name="CoL_6R64"/> *''Placopsis alphoplacoides'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=234}} – New Zealand *''Placopsis amabilis'' {{au|B.de Lesd. (1933)}}<ref name="Bouly de Lesdain 1933"/> *''Placopsis ampliata'' {{au|(I.M.Lamb) D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004b"/> *''Placopsis antarctica'' {{au|D.J.Galloway, R.I.L.Sm. & Quilhot (2005)}}<ref name="Galloway et al. 2005"/> *''Placopsis asahinae'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=239}} – Taiwan *''Placopsis aspicilioides'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004"/> *''Placopsis auriculata'' {{au|Lumbsch & Kashiw. (1993)}}<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 1993"/> *''Placopsis baculigera'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=220}} *''Placopsis bicolor'' {{au|(Tuck.) B.de Lesd. (1931)}}<ref name="Bouly de Lesdain 1931"/> *''Placopsis brachyloba'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=212}} *''Placopsis brevilobata'' {{au|(Zahlbr.) I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=276}} *''Placopsis campbelliana'' {{au|Imshaug ex D.J.Galloway (2013)}}<ref name="Galloway 2013"/> *''Placopsis centrifuga'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004"/> *''Placopsis chilena'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=213}} *''Placopsis clavifera'' {{au|(I.M.Lamb) D.J.Galloway (2001)}}<ref name="Galloway 2001"/> *''Placopsis contortuplicata'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=273}} *''Placopsis craterifera'' {{au|Boluda (2024)}}<ref name="Boluda & Kitara 2024"/> – Tanzania *''Placopsis cribellans'' {{au|(Nyl.) Räsänen (1940)}}<ref name="Räsänen 1940"/> *''Placopsis dennanensis'' {{au|(Zahlbr.) I.M.Lamb ex D.J.Galloway (2001)}}<ref name="Galloway 2001"/> *''Placopsis durietziorum'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004b"/> *''Placopsis dusenii'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=215}} *''Placopsis effusa'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=216}} *''Placopsis elixii'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2001)}}<ref name="Galloway 2001"/> *''Placopsis erosa'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2013)}}<ref name="Galloway 2013"/> *''Placopsis fuscidula'' {{au|I.M.Lamb ex Räsänen (1939)}}<ref name="Räsänen 1939"/> *''Placopsis fusciduloides'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2005)}}<ref name="Galloway 2005"/> *''Placopsis gelida'' {{au|(L.) Linds. (1866)}}<ref name="Lindsay 1866"/> *''Placopsis gelidoides'' {{au|Du Rietz ex I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=210}} *''Placopsis hertelii'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004"/> *''Placopsis illita'' {{au|(C.Knight) I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=266}} *''Placopsis imshaugii'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2011)}}<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2011"/> *''Placopsis lambii'' {{au|Hertel & V.Wirth (1987)}}<ref name="Wirth 1987"/> *''Placopsis lateritioides'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=222}} *''Placopsis macrospora'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004b"/> *''Placopsis murrayi'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004"/> *''Placopsis parellina'' {{au|(Nyl.) I.M.Lamb (1940)}} *''Placopsis patagonica'' {{au|(Zahlbr.) I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=261}} *''Placopsis perrugosa'' {{au|(Nyl.) Nyl. (1867)}}<ref name="Nylander 1867"/> *''Placopsis polycarpa'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004b"/> *''Placopsis pruinosa'' {{au|D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004"/> *''Placopsis pycnotheca'' {{au|I.M.Lamb ex Räsänen (1939)}}<ref name="Räsänen 1939"/> *''Placopsis rhodocarpa'' {{au|(Nyl.) Nyl. (1861)}}<ref name="Nylander 1861"/> *''Placopsis rhodophthalma'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) Räsänen (1932)}}<ref name="Räsänen 1932"/> *''Placopsis roivainenii'' {{au|I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=242}} *''Placopsis stellata'' {{au|(Øvstedal) Henssen (2003)}}<ref name="Henssen 2003"/> *''Placopsis stenophylla'' {{au|(Hue) I.M.Lamb (1947)}}{{sfn|Lamb|1947|page=257}} *''Placopsis subgelida'' {{au|(Nyl.) Nyl. (1888)}}<ref name="Nylander 1888"/> *''Placopsis subcribellans'' {{au|(I.M.Lamb) D.J.Galloway (2002)}}<ref name="Galloway 2002"/> *''Placopsis venosa'' {{au|Imshaug ex D.J.Galloway (2004)}}<ref name="Galloway 2004b"/>
==References== <references>
<ref name="Boluda & Kitara 2024">{{cite journal |last1=Boluda |first1=Carlos G. |last2=Kitara |first2=Nuru N. |title=''Placopsis craterifera'' (Trapeliaceae, Lecanoromycetes), a new lichen species from alpine habitats on Mount Meru, Tanzania |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=56 |issue=1 |year=2024 |doi=10.1017/S0024282923000634 |pages=15–20}}</ref>
<ref name="Bouly de Lesdain 1931">{{cite journal |last=Bouly de Lesdain |first=M. |year=1931 |title=Lichens recueillis en 1930 dans les iles Kerguelen, Saint-Paul et Amsterdam par M. Aubert de la Rue |trans-title=Lichens collected in 1930 in the Kerguelen, Saint-Paul and Amsterdam islands by M. Aubert de la Rue |journal=Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique |volume=4 |pages=98–103 |language=fr}}</ref>
<ref name="Bouly de Lesdain 1933">{{cite journal |last=Bouly de Lesdain |first=M. |year=1933 |title=Lichens du Mexique, recueillis par les frères G. Arsène et Amable Saint-Pierre. III Supplément |trans-title=Lichens of Mexico, collected by the brothers G. Arsène and Amable Saint-Pierre, supplement 3 |journal=Annales de Cryptogamie Exotique |volume=6 |pages=99–130}}</ref>
<ref name="CoL_6R64">{{Catalogue of Life |id=6R64 |title=''Placopsis'' |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2001">{{cite book |last=Galloway |first=D.J. |year=2001 |chapter=''Placopsis elixii'', a new lichen from New Zealand, with notes on some other species of ''Placopsis'' (Nyl.) Linds. (Agyriaceae) in New Zealand |title=Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=78 |pages=49–64 |publisher=J. Cramer |location=Berlin/Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-443-58057-5}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2002">{{cite journal |last=Galloway |first=D.J. |year=2002 |title=Taxonomic notes on the lichen genus ''Placopsis'' (Agyriaceae: Ascomycota) in southern South America, with a key to species |journal=Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Botanik Hamburg |volume=30–32 |pages=79–107}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2004">{{cite book |last=Galloway |first=D.J. |year=2004 |chapter=''Placopsis hertelii'' (Agyriaceae, Ascomycota) endemic to New Zealand, with descriptions of four additional new species of ''Placopsis'' (Nyl.) Linds., from New Zealand |title=Contributions to Lichenology. Festschrift in Honour of Hannes Hertel |editor-last1=Döbbeler |editor-first1=Peter |editor-last2=Rambold |editor-first2=Gerhard |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=88 |pages=147–162 |publisher=Berlin/Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-443-58067-4}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2004b">{{cite journal |last=Galloway |first=D.J. |title=New lichen taxa and names in the New Zealand mycobiota |journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |volume=42 |issue=1 |year=2004 |doi=10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512893 |pages=105–120}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Galloway |first=D.J. |year=2005 |title=''Placopsis fusciduloides'' (Ascomycota: Agyriaceae), a new lichen from Aotearoa New Zealand, British Columbia, and Bolivia |journal=Australasian Lichenology |volume=57 |pages=16–19 |url=}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway et al. 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Galloway |first1=David J. |last2=Lewis-Smith |first2=Ronald I. |last3=Quilhot |first3=Wanda |title=A new species of ''Placopsis'' (Agyriaceae: Ascomycota) from Antarctica |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=37 |issue=4 |year=2005 |doi=10.1017/s0024282905015094 |pages=321–327}}</ref>
<ref name="Galloway 2013">{{cite journal |last=Galloway |first=David J. |title=The lichen genera ''Aspiciliopsis'', and ''Placopsis'' (Trapeliales: Trapeliaceae: Ascomycota) in New Zealand |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=120 |issue=1 |year=2013 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.120.1.1 |pages=6–22}}</ref>
<ref name="Henssen 2003">{{cite book |last=Henssen |first=A. |year=2003 |chapter=''Placopsis stellata'' (Øvstedal) Henssen comb. nova (Ascomycotina, Agyriaceae) |title=Lichenological Contributions in Honour of G.B. Feige |editor-last=Jensen |editor-first=Manfred |series=Bibliotheca Lichenologica |volume=86 |pages=107–112 |publisher=J. Cramer |location=Berlin/Stuttgart |isbn=978-3-443-58065-0}}</ref>
<ref name="Lindsay 1866">{{cite journal |last=Lindsay |first=W.L. |year=1866 |title=Observations on New Zealand Lichens |journal=Transactions of the Linnean Society of London |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=493–560 [536] |doi=10.1111/j.1096-3642.1865.tb00197.x |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27408904}}</ref>
<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 1993">{{cite journal |last1=Lumbsch |first1=H.T. |last2=Kashiwadani |first2=H. |last3=Streimann |first3=H. |year=1993 |title=A remarkable new species in the lichen genus ''Placopsis'' from Papua New Guinea (lichenized ascomycetes, Agyriaceae) |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=185 |issue=3–4 |pages=285–292}}</ref>
<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2011">{{cite journal |display-authors=6 |last=Lumbsch |first=H.T. |last2=Ahti |first2=T. |last3=Altermann |first3=S. |last4=De Paz |first4=G.A. |last5=Aptroot |first5=A. |last6=Arup |first6=U. |last7=Pena |first7=A.B. |last8=Bawingan |first8=P.A. |last9=Benatti |first9=M.N. |last10=Betancourt |first10=L. |last11=Bjork |first11=C.R. |last12=Boonpragob |first12=K. |last13=Brand |first13=M. |last14=Bungartz |first14=F. |last15=Caceres |first15=M.E.S. |last16=Candan |first16=M. |last17=Chaves |first17=J.L. |last18=Clerc |first18=P. |last19=Common |first19=R. |last20=Coppins |first20=B.J. |last21=Crespo |first21=A. |last22=Dal-Forno |first22=M. |last23=Divakar |first23=P.K. |last24=Duya |first24=M.V. |last25=Elix |first25=J.A. |last26=Elvebakk |first26=A. |last27=Fankhauser |first27=J.D. |last28=Farkas |first28=E. |last29=Ferraro |first29=L.I. |last30=Fischer |first30=E. |last31=Galloway |first31=D.J. |last32=Gaya |first32=E. |last33=Giralt |first33=M. |last34=Goward |first34=T. |last35=Grube |first35=M. |last36=Hafellner |first36=J. |last37=Hernandez |first37=J.E. |last38=Campos |first38=M.D.H. |last39=Kalb |first39=K. |last40=Karnefelt |first40=I. |last41=Kantvilas |first41=G. |last42=Killmann |first42=D. |last43=Kirika |first43=P. |last44=Knudsen |first44=K. |last45=Komposch |first45=H. |last46=Kondratyuk |first46=S. |last47=Lawrey |first47=J.D. |last48=Mangold |first48=A. |last49=Marcelli |first49=M.P. |last50=Mccune |first50=B. |last51=Messuti |first51=M.I. |last52=Michlig |first52=A. |last53=Gonzalez |first53=R.M. |last54=Moncada |first54=B. |last55=Naikatini |first55=A. |last56=Nelsen |first56=M.P. |last57=Ovstedal |first57=D.O. |last58=Palice |first58=Z. |last59=Papong |first59=K. |last60=Parnmen |first60=S. |last61=Perez-Ortega |first61=S. |last62=Printzen |first62=C. |last63=Rico |first63=V.J. |last64=Plata |first64=E.R. |last65=Robayo |first65=J. |last66=Rosabal |first66=D. |last67=Ruprecht |first67=U. |last68=Allen |first68=N.S. |last69=Sancho |first69=L. |last70=De Jesus |first70=L.S. |last71=Vieira |first71=T.S. |last72=Schultz |first72=M. |last73=Seaward |first73=M.R.D. |last74=Serusiaux |first74=E. |last75=Schmitt |first75=I. |last76=Sipman |first76=H.J.M. |last77=Sohrabi |first77=M. |last78=Sochting |first78=U. |last79=Sogaard |first79=M.Z. |last80=Sparrius |first80=L.B. |last81=Spielmann |first81=A. |last82=Spribille |first82=T. |last83=Sutjaritturakan |first83=J. |last84=Thammathaworn |first84=A. |last85=Thell |first85=A. |last86=Thor |first86=G. |last87=Thus |first87=H. |last88=Timdal |first88=E. |last89=Truong |first89=C. |last90=Turk |first90=R. |last91=Tenorio |first91=L.U. |last92=Upreti |first92=D.K. |last93=Van den Boom |first93=P. |last94=Rebuelta |first94=M.V. |last95=Wedin |first95=M. |last96=Will-Wolf |first96=S. |last97=Wirth |first97=V. |last98=Wirtz |first98=N. |last99=Yahr |first99=R. |last100=Yeshitela |first100=K. |last101=Ziemmeck |first101=F. |last102=Wheeler |first102=T. |last103=Lucking |first103=R. |title=One hundred new species of lichenized fungi: a signature of undiscovered global diversity |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=18 |issue=1 |year=2011 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.18.1.1 |pages=9–11 |url=http://www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/content/2011/f/p00018p127f.pdf}}</ref>
<ref name="Nylander 1861">{{cite journal |last=Nylander |first=W. |year=1861 |title=Additamentum ad lichenographiam Andium Boliviensium |trans-title=Supplement to the lichenography of the Bolivian Andes |journal=Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique |series=4 |volume=15 |pages=365–382 |language=la}}</ref>
<ref name="Nylander 1867">{{cite journal |last=Nylander |first=W. |year=1867 |title=Lichenes Novae Zelandiae, quos ibi legit anno 1861 Dr. Lauder Lindsay |trans-title=Lichens of New Zealand, which Dr. Lauder Lindsay collected there in the year 1861 |journal=Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany |volume=9 |pages=244–259 [250] |language=la |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/226263}}</ref>
<ref name="Nylander 1888">{{cite book |last=Nylander |first=W. |year=1888 |title=Lichenes Novae Zelandiae |trans-title=Lichens of New Zealand |publisher=Paul. Schmidt |location=Paris |page=57 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k96961z/f58.item}}</ref>
<ref name="Räsänen 1932">{{cite journal |last=Räsänen |first=V. |year=1932 |title=Zur kenntnis der Flechtenflora Feuerlands, sowie der Prov. de Magellanes, Prov. de Chiloë und Prov. de Nuble in Chile |trans-title=On the knowledge of the lichen flora of Tierra del Fuego, as well as the Province of Magallanes, Province of Chiloé and Province of Ñuble in Chile |journal=Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae-Botanicae Fennicae "Vanamo" |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–68}}</ref>
<ref name="Räsänen 1939">{{cite journal |last=Räsänen |first=V. |year=1939 |title=II. Contribucion a la flora liquenologica sudamericana |trans-title=Contribution to the lichenological flora of South America, part 2 |journal=Anales de la Sociedad Científica Argentina |volume=128 |pages=133–147 |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="Räsänen 1940">{{cite journal |last=Räsänen |first=V. |year=1940 |title=Lichenes ab A. Yasuda et aliis in Japonia collecti 1 |trans-title=Lichens collected in Japan by A. Yasuda and others, part 1 |journal=Journal of Japanese Botany |volume=16 |pages=82–98 |language=la}}</ref>
<ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Placopsis">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Placopsis'' (Nyl.) Linds. |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=4138 |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=28 January 2026}}</ref>
<ref name="Wirth 1987">{{cite book |last=Wirth |first=V. |year=1987 |title=Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs. Verbreitungsatlas |trans-title=The Lichens of Baden-Württemberg: Distribution Atlas |page=511 |location=Stuttgart |publisher=Eugen Ulmer |language=de |isbn=978-3-8001-3305-5}}</ref>
</references>
===Cited literature=== *{{cite journal |last=Lamb |first=I.M. |year=1947 |title=A monograph of the lichen genus ''Placopsis'' Nyl. |journal=Lilloa |volume=13 |pages=151–288 |url=https://www.lillo.org.ar/journals/index.php/lilloa/article/view/1492/1525}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7200416}}
* Category:Lichen genera Category:Baeomycetales genera Category:Taxa named by William Nylander (botanist) Category:Taxa described in 1861