List of Mongol rulers

{{Short description|none}} {{distinguish|List of Mughal emperors}} {{morefootnotes|date=March 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} [[File:Emperoryuandinastycollage.jpg|350px|thumb|8 of 15 khagans of the Mongol Empire.]] thumb|350px|Mongol Empire and its fragmentation [[File:Imperial Seal of the Mongols 1246.svg|thumb|right|180px|Imperial Seal of the Mongols]] [[File:Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Imperial Seal of Bogd Khan]]

The following is a '''list of Mongol rulers'''.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

==Before Genghis Khan== *Kaidu (? – 1100) *Bashinkhor Dogshin (1100 – ?) *Tumbinai Khan (? – 1130) *Khabul Khan (1131–1148) *Ambaghai (1148 – 1156) *Hotula Khan (1156–1161) *Yesugei (1160–1171)

==Mongol Empire (1206–1368)== {{further|Mongol Empire}}

==={{anchor|Great Khans}} Great Khans and Yuan dynasty=== {{Main list|List of Yuan emperors}}

Before Kublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271, Khagans (Great Khans) of the Mongol Empire (''Ikh Mongol Uls'') already started to use the Chinese title of Emperor ({{zh |c = 皇帝 |p = Huángdì }}) practically in the Chinese language since Genghis Khan (as {{zh |c = 成吉思皇帝 |l = Genghis Emperor |labels = no }}).

With the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols and Huangdi for ethnic Han.

{| class="wikitable" |- !Ruler !Reign !Information |- |Genghis Khan |1206 - 1227 |The first Khan of the Mongol Empire. |- |Tolui Khan |1227 - 1229 |Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan. |- |Ögedei Khan |13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241 |The second Khan of the Mongol Empire. |- |Töregene Khatun |1242 - 1246 |Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan. |- |Güyük Khan |24 August 1246 – 20 April 1248 |The third Khan of the Mongol Empire. |- |Oghul Qaimish |1248 - 1251 |Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251. |- |Möngke Khan |1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259 |The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire. |- |Ariq Böke |11 August 1259 – 12 August 1264 |Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in the Toluid Civil War. |- |Kublai Khan |18 December 1271 – 18 February 1294 |The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Temür Khan |10 May 1294 – 10 February 1307 |The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Külüg Khan |21 June 1307 – 27 January 1311 |The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan |7 April 1311 – 1 March 1320 |The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Gegeen Khan |19 April 1320 – 4 September 1323 |The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Yesün Temür |4 October 1323 – 15 August 1328 |The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Ragibagh Khan |October 1328 - 14 November 1328 |The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür |16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329.{{sfn|Moule|1957|p=104}} (first reign)<br>8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332 (second reign) |The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty |- |Khutughtu Khan Kusala |27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329 |The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür. |- |Rinchinbal Khan |23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332 |The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. |- |Toghon Temür |19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368{{sfn|Moule|1957|p=104}} |The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. |}

===Golden Horde=== {{Main list|List of khans of the Golden Horde}} {{See also|Wings of the Golden Horde}}

*Batu Khan (1227–1255) *Sartaq (1255–56) *Ulaghchi (1257) *Berke (1257–1266) *Mengu-Timur (1266–1282) *Tuda Mengu (1282–1287) *Talabuga (1287–1291) *Toqta (1291–1312) *Uzbeg Khan (1312–1341) *Tini Beg (1341–1342) *Jani Beg (1342–1357) *Berdi Beg (1357–1361) *Qulpa (1359–1360) *Nawruz Beg (1360–1361) *Khidr (1361–1362) *Timur Khwaja (1362) *Abdallah (1362–1370), actual ruler was Mamai *Murad (1362–1367), actual ruler was Mamai *Aziz (1367–1369), actual ruler was Mamai *Jani Beg II (1369–1370), actual ruler was Mamai *Muhammad Bolak (1370–1379), actual ruler was Mamai *Tulun Beg Khanum (1370–1373), actual ruler was Mamai *Aig Beg (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai *Arab Shaykh (1376–1379), actual ruler was Mamai *Kagan Beg (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai *Ilbani (1373–1376), actual ruler was Mamai *Hajji Cherkes (1375–1376), actual ruler was Mamai *Urus Khan (1376–1378), Urus was also Khan of the White Horde and uncle of Toqtamish, allowing the Hordes to unite. *Muhammad Bolaq (1375), actual ruler was Mamai *Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) *Toqtaqiya (1377) *Arab Shah Muzaffar (1377–1380), actual ruler was Mamai *Timur-Malik (1377–1378) *Ghiyath-ud-din Khaqan Beg (1375–1377) *Tokhtamysh (1380–1395) *Temür Qutlugh (1396–1401), actual ruler was Edigu *Shadi Beg (1399–1407), actual ruler was Edigu *Pulad (1407–1410), actual ruler was Edigu *Temür (1410–1412) *Jalal ad-Din khan (1411–1412) *Feicüs al-Doste (1413–1414) *Karimberdi *Kebeg *Jabbar Berdi (1417–1419) *Olugh Mokhammad (1419–1421, 1428–1433) *Dawlat Berdi (1419–1421, 1427–1432) *Baraq (1422–1427) *Seyid Akhmed (1433–1435) *Küchük Muhammad (1435–1459) *Mahmud (1459–1465) *Ahmed (1465–1481) *Shayk Ahmad (1481–1498, 1499–1502) *Murtada (1498–1499)

====Left wing (White Horde)==== {{further|White Horde}} *Orda (1226–1251) *Qun Quran (1251–c.1280) *Köchü (c.1280–1302) *Buyan (Bayan) (1302–1309) *Sasibuqa (1309–1315) *Ilbasan (1315–1320) *Mubarak Khwaja (1320–1344) *Chimtay (1344–1374) *Urus (1374–1376) *Toqtaqiya (1376) *Timur-Malik (1377) *Tokhtamysh (1377–1378) *Koiruchik (1378–1399) *Baraq (1423–1428) *Muhammed (1428–1431) *Mustafa (1431–1446) '''Ögedei Khanate'''

'''Kaydu Ulus'''

* Kaydu * Chapar * Ali Sultan * Danişmendji * Soyurgatmish * Sultan Mahmud Khan

'''Yenisei Kingdom'''

* Melig * Ayachi * Abdullah * Tuman * Taywan * Timürci * Arg Temur * Hutulugtumor

====Right wing (Blue Horde)==== {{further|Blue Horde}} Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

{| class="wikitable" |- !Ruler !Reign !Information |- |Batu Khan |1227 - 1255 |The first Khan of the Golden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (the Blue Horde). |- |Sartaq Khan |1256 - 1257 |The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Ulaghchi |1257 |The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed in Tengrism. |- |Berke Khan |1257 - 1266 |The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter of Ariq Böke in the Toluid Civil War. |- |Mengu-Timur |1266 - 1280 |The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Tode Mongke |1280 - 1287 |The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Talabuga |1287 - 1291 |The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Toqta |1291 - 1312 |The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Özbeg Khan |1313 - 1341 |The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Tini Beg |1341 - 1342 |The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Jani Beg |1342 - 1357 |The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Berdi Beg |1357 - 1359 |The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Qulpa |August 1359 - February 1360 |The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Nawruz Beg |1360 |The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Khiḍr Khan |1360 - 1361 |The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Timur Khwaja |1361 |The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Ordu Malik |1361 |The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Kildi Beg |1361 - 1362 |The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. |- |Abdallāh |1361 - 1370 |The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |- |Tulun Beg Khanum |1370 - 1371 |The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. |- |Muhammad Sultan |1370/1371 - 1379 |The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |- |Tulak |1379 - 1380 |The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai. |}

====Great Horde (1466–1502)==== {{main|Great Horde}}

===Ilkhanate=== {{further|Ilkhanate}} *Hülëgü (1256–1265) *Abaqa (1265–1282) *Tekuder (1282–1284) *Arghun (1284–1291) *Gaykhatu (1291–1295) *Baydu (1295) *Ghazan (1295–1304) *Öljaitü (1304–1316) *Abu Sa'id (1316–1335) *Arpa Ke'ün (1335–1336)

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

*Musa (1336–1337) (puppet of 'Ali Padshah of Baghdad) *Muhammad (1336–1338) (Jalayirid puppet) *Sati Beg (1338–1339) (Chobanid puppet) *Sulayman (1339–1343) (Chobanid puppet, recognized by the Sarbadars 1341–1343) *Jahan Temür (1339–1340) (Jalayirid puppet) *Anushirwan (1343–1356) (non-dynastic Chobanid puppet) * Ghazan II (1356–1357) (known only from coinage)

''Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):''

*Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by the Kartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353) * Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

====Chobanids (1335–1357)==== {{main|Chobanids}}

====Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)==== {{main|Jalayirid Sultanate}}

====Injuids (1335–1357)==== {{main|Injuids}}

====Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)==== {{main|Arghun dynasty}}

===Chagatai Khanate=== {{Main list|List of Chagatai khans}}

*Chagatai Khan 1226–1242 *Qara Hülëgü 1242–1246 d. 1252 *Yesü Möngke 1246–1252 *Qara Hülëgü (restored) 1252 *Mubarak Shah 1252–1260 **Orghana Khatun (fem.), regent 1252–1260 *Alghu 1260–1266 *Mubarak Shah (restored) 1266 *Baraq 1266–1270 *Negübei 1270–c. 1272 *Buqa Temür c. 1272–1287 *Duwa 1287–1307 *Könchek 1306–1308 *Taliqu 1308–1309 *Kebek 1309 d. 1325 *Esen Buqa I 1309–c. 1318 *Kebek (restored) c. 1318–1325 *Eljigidey 1325–1329 *Duwa Temür 1329–1330 *Aladdin Tarmashirin 1331–1334 *Buzan 1334–1335 *Changshi 1335–1338 *Yesun Temur c. 1338–c. 1342 with... *'Ali-Sultan 1342 *Muhammad I ibn Pulad 1342–1343 *Qazan Khan ibn Yasaur 1343–1346 *Danishmendji 1346–1348

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

====Western Chagatai Khanate==== *Bayan Qulï 1348–1358 *Shah Temür 1358 *Tughlugh Timur (in Mogulistan 1348–1363) 1358–1363 *Ilyas Khodja (in Mogulistan 1363–1368) 1363 d. 1368 *Adil-Sultan 1363 *Khabul Shah 1364–1370

''From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.''

*Suurgatmish 1370–1388 *Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) 1388–1403

====Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)==== {{further|Moghulistan}}

Moghulistan was split into the Turpan Khanate and Yarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

{{See also |List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates}}.

=====Turpan Khanate===== {{further|Turpan Khanate}}

=====Yarkent Khanate===== {{further|Yarkent Khanate}}

====Kara Del (1383–1513)==== {{main|Kara Del}}

==Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)== {{Main list|List of Northern Yuan khans}} Khagans of the Mongols or Northern Yuan dynasty (rump state of Yuan dynasty until 1388):

*Toghon Temür (1368–1370) *Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara (1370–1378) *Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür (1378–1388) *Jorightu Khan Yesüder (1388–1391) – descendant of Ariq Böke *Engke Khan (1391–1394) – descendant of Ariq Böke *Elbeg Nigülesügchi Khan (1394–1399) *Gün Temür Khan (1399–1402) – descendant of Ariq Böke *Örüg Temür Khan (nickname Guilichi) (1402–1408) – descendant of Ögedei *Öljei Temür Khan (Bunyashiri) (1408–1412) *Delbeg Khan (Dalbag) (1412–1415) – descendant of Ariq Böke *Oyiradai (1415–1425) – descendant of Ariq Böke *Adai Khan (1425–1438) – descendant of Ögedei *Tayisung Khan Toghtoa Bukha (1433–1452) *Agbarjin (1453) *Esen taishi – the leader of the Oirats (1453–1454) – non-Chingisid *Markörgis Khan (Ükegtü) (1454–1465) *Molon Khan (1465–1466) *Manduul Khan (1475–1478) *Dayan Khan (Batu Möngke) (1478–1516) *Bars Bolud Jinong (deputy) *Bodi Alagh Khan (1516–1547) *Daraisung Guden Khan (1547–1557) *Tümen Jasagtu Khan (1557–1592) *Buyan Sechen Khan (1592–1604) *Ligdan Khan (1604–1634) *Ejei Khan (1634–1635)

==Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)== Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

=== Tüsheet Khans ===

{{see also|Tüsheet Khan}} *Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588) *Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?) *Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655) *Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

=== Jasagtu Khans === *Laikhur Khan *Subandai Khan *Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661) *Chambun Khan (1670?–) *Zenggün *Shara (d. 1687)

=== Sechen Khans === *Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan. *Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi. *Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu. *Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

=== Altan Khan of the Khalkha ===

{{see also|Altan Khan of the Khalkha}} * Ubasi Khong Tayiji (Shului Ubasha Khong Tayiji) (?–1623) * Badma Erdeni Khong Tayiji (1623–?) * Erinchin Lobsang Tayiji (or Lobdzang or Rinchen Sayin Khong Tayiji) (1658–1691)

==Oirats==

===Four Oirat (1399–1634)=== {{further|Four Oirat}} *Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399) *Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör) *Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408) *Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438) *Esen (1438–1454) *Amasanj (1454–1455) *Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469) *Khishig Urlugh *Arkhan Chingsang

===Dzungar Khanate=== {{further|Dzungar Khanate}} *Khara Khula (d. 1634) *Baatur Khung-Taiji (1634–1653) *Sengge (1653–1670) *Galdan Boshugtu Khan (1670–1697) *Tsewang Arabtan (1694–1727) *Galdan Tseren Khan (1727–1745) *Tsewang-Dorji-Namjil (1746–1749) *Lamdarja (1749–1752) *Dawachi (1752–1755)

=== Khans of Khoshut Khanate=== {{further|Khoshut Khanate}} *Güshi Khan Toro-Baikhu (1642–1655) *Dayan Ochir Khan (1655–1669) *Gonchug Dalai Khan (1669–1698) *Lhazang Chingis Khan (1698–1717)

===Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)=== {{main|Altan Khan of Khalkha|Khotogoid}}

===Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate=== {{further|Kalmyk Khanate}} *Kho Orluk (d. 1644) *Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661) *Puntsuk (1661–1669) *Ayuka Khan (1669–1724) *Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735) *Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741) *Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761) *Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

==Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)== {{main|Bogd Khanate of Mongolia}} {| class="wikitable" |- !Ruler !Photo !Seal !Reign !Information |- |Bogd Khan |100px |50px |29 December 1911 – 20 May 1924 |The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu. |}

== References == === Citations === {{Reflist}}

=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi * Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols * Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368 * William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5 * Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system * {{cite book |last=Moule |first=Arthur C. |author-link=Arthur Christopher Moule |year=1957 |title=The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949 |publisher=Routledge |location=London |oclc=223359908 |url=https://archive.org/details/the-rulers-of-china |url-access=limited }}

* * * Category:History of the Mongol Empire Category:Lists of khans Mongolia Rulers