{{Short description|Khan of the Golden Horde from 1399 to 1407}} {{Infobox royalty |title = | name =Shādī Beg | image =Facial Chronicle - b.12, p.105 - Murder of Tokhtamysh.gif | caption =Shādī Beg slays Tokhtamysh, miniature from the [[Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible]], 16th century | succession =[[List of khans of the Golden Horde|Khan of the Golden Horde]] | reign1 =1399–1407 | predecessor1 =[[Temür Qutlugh|Tīmūr Qutluq]] | successor1 =[[Pulad|Pūlād]]
| spouse = | issue = | house =[[Borjigin]] | house-type =Dynasty | father =Qutlū Beg | mother = | birth_date = | birth_place = | death_date =1409 | death_place = | religion =[[Islam]] |}}
'''Shādī Beg''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]: شادی بیگ; [[Chagatai language|Turki]]/[[Cuman language|Kypchak]]: شادی بک) was [[Khan (title)|Khan]] of the [[Golden Horde]] from 1399 to 1407. He was the protégé of the all-powerful ''[[beylerbey|beglerbeg]]'', [[Edigu]].
== Ancestry == According to the ''Muʿizz al-ansāb'' and the ''Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah'', Shādī Beg was a son of Qutlū Beg, and thus a first cousin of his predecessor [[Temür Qutlugh|Tīmūr Qutluq]]. Both descended from [[Tuqa-Timur]], the son of [[Jochi]], the son of [[Genghis Khan|Chinggis Khan]].<ref>Tizengauzen 2006: 436-437; Vohidov 2006: 46; Howorth 1880: 263 mistakenly gives Shādī Beg as the brother of Tīmūr Qutluq; for the correct lineage, see e.g., Gaev 2002: 54; Sabitov 2008: 286; Počekaev 2010: 189.</ref>
== Reign == On the death of his cousin, [[Temür Qutlugh|Tīmūr Qutluq]], allegedly from drunkenness, Shādī Beg was made khan by the [[beylerbey|beglerbeg]] [[Edigu]], in late 1399 or early 1400. Edigu may have considered Shādī Beg's youth and inexperience likely to ensure the beglerbeg's continued hold on power. The Russian prince Ivan Mihajlovič was invested with the Grand Principality of [[Tver|Tver']] by Shādī Beg in 1400. Edigu focused on his vendetta against the former khan [[Tokhtamysh]], waging war against him in [[Khanate of Sibir|Sibir]] in 1400–1406, lasting for most of Shādī Beg's reign. In the early winter of 1406, Edigu's troops succeeded in attacking and killing Tokhtamysh on the [[Tobol]] River. Also in 1406, Shādī Beg supported the grand prince of [[Grand Duchy of Moscow|Moscow]] [[Vasily I of Moscow|Vasilij I Dmitrievič]] by sending a force to assist the Muscovites against [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]]. Vasilij had evaded both sending regular tribute to the khan and traveling to the khan's court, although he had given Shādī Beg's envoy, his treasurer, gifts for the khan in 1405.<ref>Howorth 1880: 263-265; Počekaev 2010: 189-191.</ref>
As khan, Shādī Beg claimed responsibility for the victory over Tokhtamysh, and apparently became increasingly dissatisfied with his position as a puppet monarch. He began to plot the elimination of Edigu, but the powerful beglerbeg discovered it on time and anticipated it, in late 1407. Shādī Beg fled, first to (old) [[Astrakhan]], then to [[Shirvan]]. Here, Shādī Beg received asylum from the local ruler (Shirwānshāh) Ibrāhīm, who recognized him as khan and issued coins in his name until 1409. Edigu, who had made Tīmūr Qutluq's son [[Pulad|Pūlād]] khan in Shādī Beg's place, demanded the fugitive khan's extradition, but was met with refusal. However, in 1409, Edigu's agents succeeded in murdering Shādī Beg at [[Shamakhi]].<ref>Howorth 1880: 263-265, assumes that Shādī Beg had lost the eastern lands of the Golden Horde to [[Urus Khan]]'s son Quyurchuq, citing 'Abdul Ghaffar' via 'Langles,' but Quyurchuq had been killed by Edigu in 1397.</ref>
== Descendants == Shādī Beg had several children, most notably Ghiyāth ad-Dīn, who claimed the throne of the Golden Horde after 1421, holding [[Bolghar]] in 1423-1425 and [[Sarai (city)|Sarai]] in 1425-1426. Ghiyāth ad-Dīn's son Muṣṭafā also claimed the throne, from (old) Astrakhan, in 1431-1433; he died in 1464.<ref>Gaev 2002: 54; Tizengauzen 2006: 437; Vohidov 2006: 46.</ref>
== Genealogy == *[[Genghis Khan]] *[[Jochi]] *[[Tuqa-Timur]] *Kay-Timur *Abay *Numqan *Qutlugh Beg *'''Shadi Beg'''
== See also == *[[List of khans of the Golden Horde]]
== References == {{Reflist}}
==Bibliography== * Gaev, A. G., "Genealogija i hronologija Džučidov," ''Numizmatičeskij sbornik'' 3 (2002) 9-55. * Howorth, H. H., ''History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century.'' Part II.1. London, 1880. * Počekaev, R. J., ''Cari ordynskie: Biografii hanov i pravitelej Zolotoj Ordy''. Saint Petersburg, 2010. * Sabitov, Ž. M., ''Genealogija "Tore"'', Astana, 2008. * Tizengauzen, V. G. (trans.), ''Sbornik materialov otnosjaščihsja k istorii Zolotoj Ordy. Izvlečenija iz persidskih sočinenii'', republished as ''Istorija Kazahstana v persidskih istočnikah.'' 4. Almaty, 2006.
{{s-start}} {{s-reg|mn}} {{s-bef|before=[[Temur Qutlugh|Tīmūr Qutluq]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[List of khans of the Golden Horde|Khan of the Golden Horde]]| years=1399–1407}} {{s-aft|after=[[Pulad|Pūlād]]}} {{s-end}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Shadi Beg}} [[Category:1409 deaths]] [[Category:14th-century khans of the Golden Horde]] [[Category:15th-century khans of the Golden Horde]]