{{Short description|Emperor of Yuan dynasty in 1328}} {{Infobox royalty | name = Tianshun Emperor of Yuan<br>{{nobold|元天順帝}}<br>{{MongolUnicode|ᠷᠠᠵᠠᠪᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ|lang=mn|font-size=1em|style=middle}} | title = 11th Khagan of the Mongol Empire<br/>(Nominal due to the empire's division)<br/>Emperor of China<br/> (7th Emperor of the Yuan dynasty) | image = Ragibagh Khan.png | caption = Ragibagh Khan in 14th century portrait | reign = 4 October 1328 – 14 November 1328 | coronation = 4 October 1328<ref>{{Cite book|author1=薛應旂|editor=|title=《宋元通鑑‧卷第一百四十四‧元紀十六‧泰定帝二》|location=|publisher=|date=|pages=|ISBN=|accessdate=|url=|language=zh|quote=九月庚申朔，燕鐵木兒督師居庸關，遣撒敦以兵襲上都兵于榆林，擊敗之，追至懷來而還。隆鎮衛指揮斡都蠻以兵襲上都，請王滅里鐵木兒、脱木赤于陀羅臺，執之，歸于京師。時倒刺沙在上都，立泰定皇帝子阿速吉八爲帝，年方九歲，改元天順。}}</ref> | succession = Emperor of the Yuan dynasty | full name = Mongolian: {{MongolUnicode|ᠷᠠᠵᠠᠪᠠᠭ}}<br />Chinese: 阿剌(里)吉八<br />Ragibagh | era dates = Tianshun (天順) 1328 | posthumous name = ''None'' | temple name = ''None'' | predecessor = Taiding Emperor | successor = Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür | heir = | queen = | spouse = | spouse-type = | royal house = Borjigin | dynasty = Yuan | father = Yesün Temür | mother = Babukhan | birth_name = Tainshun | birth_date = 1320 | death_date = {{death date and age|1328|11|14|1320|df=y}} | death_place = | burial_place = }}
'''Ragibagh''' (Mongolian:{{MongolUnicode|ᠷᠠᠴᠠᠪᠠᠭ|lang=mn|font-size=1em|style=middle}} Рагибаха<ref>Saghang Sechen: «Erdeniin Tobchi».</ref> or {{MongolUnicode|ᠷᠠᠵᠠᠪᠠᠭ|lang=mn|font-size=1em|style=middle}} Ражабаг;<ref>{{cite book |author=Guush Luvsandanzan |title=Altan Tobchi |pages=Арван гуравдугаар хуудас |url=http://www.asuult.net/ihtuuh/AT/chapter13.htm |language=Mongolian |quote=Мөн тэр жилд Ражабаг хаан дөчин хоног суугаад халив.}}</ref><ref>The emperor's name is spelled in several ways. Ч.Содбилэг 2010 онд хэлэхдээ: «Зураач Т.Мандир Ашидхэв гэсэн. Монгол сурвалж бичгүүдэд Рачибаг, Рагибаха гэж бичсэн байдаг» (In Mongolian sources, it is written as Rachibagh and Ragibaha). Based on ''Ашидхэв'' (асужиба) written in the scriptures of the Chinese ''History of Yuan'', it written as Asuchibu (阿速吉八) or Alijibu (阿里吉八). Compared with other texts, "速" is apparently a misspelling of "剌".</ref> {{zh|c=阿剌吉八}}; '''Arigabag'''), also known by his era name as the '''Tianshun Emperor of Yuan''' ({{zh|t=元天順帝}}; 1320–1328), was a son of Yesün Temür (Taiding Emperor) who was briefly installed to the throne of the Yuan dynasty in Shangdu in 1328. Although he should have been the seventh ruler of the Yuan dynasty in succession to his father Yesün Temür, he was dethroned by his rival Tugh Temür (Emperor Wenzong) who was installed by a coup before Ragibagh's succession. Apart from Emperor of China, he is regarded as the 11th Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, although it was only nominal due to the division of the empire.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/01341/monkingstext.htm |title=Их хаадын хураангуй |access-date=2009-06-27 |archive-date=2013-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720112136/http://library.thinkquest.org/04apr/01341/monkingstext.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> He was the shortest-reigning Yuan emperor.
== Life == Ragibagh was the eldest son of Yesün Temür. His mother Babukhan Khatun came from the Khunggirad clan, who had held power through marriage to the imperial family. He became Crown Prince at infancy in 1324. In August 1328 when Yesün Temür suddenly died in Shangdu, he was installed by the powerful Muslim officer Dawlat Shah there in the next month.
However, Yesün Temür's sudden death triggered an uprising of an anti-mainstream faction who had been dissatisfied with monopolization of power by Yesün Temür's aides including Dawlat Shah who had served him since he was stationed in Mongolia as Jinong. In the eighth month, the Mongolized Qipchaq commander El Temür, who was stationed in Dadu, launched a coup and called for installation of Khayishan's son. Tugh Temür was welcomed into Dadu in the same month in which Ragibagh ascended to the throne.<ref>The Empire of the Steppes, by Rene Grousset, Naomi Walford, p. 321.</ref>
The civil war known as the War of the Two Capitals soon broke out. Ragibagh's army broke through the Great Wall at several points and advanced on Dadu; but was severely defeated by El Temür's troops. At the time, most of Ragibagh's army were involved on the Great Wall front, and the Shangdu court was compelled to surrender on the very next day.<ref>Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank-The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368, p. 544.</ref> Dawlat Shah and most of the leading loyalists were taken prisoner and later executed by the Dadu faction after surrender; but Ragibagh is said to have disappeared after that, evidently murdered.<ref>Frederick W. Mote- Imperial China 900–1800, p. 471.</ref>
== Name == Due to scarcity of historical sources and their multilinguality, Ragibagh's name has a lot of variants. The Tibetan ''Red Annals'' (Hu lān deb ther) calls him "ra khyi phag" ({{Langx|bo|ར་ཁྱི་ཕག}}). The later Mongolian chronicles such as the ''Erdeni-yin tobchi'' and the ''Altan tobchi'' spell him Radzibaγ or Raǰibaγ. ''The History of the Yuan'' refers to him as A-su-ji-ba (阿速吉八), but it is apparently a misspelling of A-la-ji-ba (阿剌吉八). The initial "a" prevents the word from starting with "r" in Mongolian. It looks like a modern Mongolian painter Ts.Mandir interpreted his name as [https://web.archive.org/web/20050326131130/http://members.fortunecity.com/khan4/khan11ashithev.htm "Asidkebe" (Ашидхэв)]. According to some scholars, his name was from Sanskrit "rāja-pika" ({{lang|sa|राज पिक}}), which means "king cuckoo".<ref>Volker Rybatzki. Die Personennamen und Titel der mittelmongolischen Dokumente, Eine lexikalische Untersuchung.2006, p. 650.</ref> He is also commonly known as the Tianshun Emperor based on his era name.
==See also== * List of emperors of the Yuan dynasty * List of Mongol rulers * List of rulers of China * War of the Two Capitals
== References ==
<references/>
{{s-start}} {{s-hou|House of Borjigin||1320|14 November|1328}} {{s-reg|}} {{s-bef|rows=3|before=Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan}} {{s-ttl|title=Great Khan of the Mongol Empire<br/>(Nominal due to the empire's division)|years=4 October 1328 – 14 November 1328}} {{s-aft|after=Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong|rows=2}} {{s-break}} {{s-ttl|title=Emperor of the Yuan dynasty<br/>Emperor of China|years=4 October 1328 – 14 November 1328}} {{end}} {{Khagans of Mongol Empire}} {{Yuan Emperors}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ragibagh Khan, Tianshun Emperor Of Yuan}} Category:Great Khans of the Mongol Empire Category:Emperors of the Yuan dynasty Category:Yuan dynasty Buddhists Category:Chinese Buddhist monarchs Category:14th-century Chinese monarchs Category:14th-century Mongol khans Category:1320 births Category:1328 deaths Category:Monarchs who died as children Category:Child monarchs from Asia Category:Murdered emperors of China