List of former sovereign states

{{Short description|none}} A '''historical sovereign state''' is a state that once existed, but has since been dissolved due to conflict, war, rebellion, annexation, or uprising. This page lists sovereign states, countries, nations, or empires that ceased to exist as political entities sometime after 1453, grouped geographically and by constitutional nature.{{NoteTag|The asserted sovereignty of some states listed here was generally unrecognized; the list of historical unrecognized states and dependencies article may contain further information regarding such states.}}

==Criteria for inclusion== The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to that of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed statehood and either: * had de facto control over a territory, a population, a government, a capacity to enter into relations with other states, or * have been recognised as a state by at least one other state.

This is not a list for all variant governments of a state, nor is it a list of variations of countries' official long form name. For purposes of this list, the cutoff between medieval and early modern states is the fall of Constantinople in 1453.

==Ancient and medieval states== * List of Copper Age states * List of Bronze Age states * List of Iron Age states * List of Classical Age states * List of states during Late Antiquity * List of states during the Middle Ages

==Modern states and territories by geography== ===Africa=== {{See also|List of kingdoms in Africa throughout history}} {{See also|List of African Great Lakes kingdoms}} {{Contradicts other|date=June 2013|1=List of pre-modern states}} ====Morocco (Maghreb al-Aqsa)==== * border|20x20px Marinid Sultanate (1244–1465) * Principality of Debdou (1430–1563) * border|21x21px Wattasid dynasty (1472–1549) * border|22x22px Saadi Sultanate (1510–1649) * Naqsid Principality of Tetouan (1597–1673) * Kingdom of Tazeroualt (c. 17th century–c. 20th century) * 20px|border Republic of Salé (1627–1668) * border|20x20px 'Alawi dynasty (1631–1912) * Zawiya Dila'iya (1637–1668) * Sharifian Sultanate (1666–1912) * Zaian Confederation (1914–1921) * 20px|border Republic of the Rif (1921–1926)

====Egypt, Sudan and Libya==== * 20px|border Makuria (5th century–1518) * 20px|border Alodia (6th century–1504) * Kingdom of al-Abwab (13th century–15th/16th century?) * border|20x20px Emirate of Banu Talis (1228 – 1551) * 20px|border Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517) * 20px|border Shilluk Kingdom (15th century–1861) * Kingdom of Fazughli ({{circa|1500}}–1685) * 31x31px Sultanate of Sennar (1504–1821) * 20px|border Egypt Eyalet (1517–1867) * border|22x22px Fezzan Sultanate (1550–1812) * border|23x23px Sultanate of Darfur (1603–1874/1898–1916) * Taqali (1750–1969) * Mamluk beylicate (c. 1760–1798) * 20px|border Senussi Order (1837–1932) * 20px|border Mahdist State (1885–1899) * 20px|border Tripolitanian Republic (1918–1922) * Sultanate of Mit Ghamr (1919) * 20px|border|Flag of Egypt (1922–1953) Kingdom of Egypt (1922-1953) * 20px|border Emirate of Cyrenaica (1949–1951) * 20px|border United Arab Republic (1958–1971) * 20px|border Libyan Arab Republic (1969–1977) * 20px|border Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1977–2011) * 20px|border Emirate of Imbaba (1989–1992)

====Algeria and Tunisia (Central Maghreb)==== * 20px|border Hafsid dynasty (1229–1574) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tlemcen (1235–1556) * 20px|border Hafsid Emirate of Béjaïa (1285–1510) * Sultanate of Tuggurt (1414–1871) * 20px|border Kingdom of Beni Abbas (1510–1871) * 20px|border Kingdom of Kuku (1515–1638) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Algiers.jpg}} Regency of Algiers (1516–1830) * border|23x23px Beylik of Constantine (1528–1837) * {{Flag|Beylik of Tunis}} (1705–1881) * Kel Ahaggar (1750–1977) * 20px|border Emirate of Mascara (1832–1847)

==== Comoro Islands ==== * 20px|border Sultanate of Ndzuwani (15th century–1912) * 20px|border Sultanate of Mwali (19th century–1912) * 20px|border Ali Soilih Regime (1976–1978) * 20px|border State of Anjouan (1997–2002, 2007–2008) * 20px|border State of Mohéli (1997–1998)

==== Madagascar ==== * 20px|border Kingdom of Imerina (1540–1897) * 20px|border Kingdom of Antankarana (1614?–1843/1895) * 20px|border Kingdom of Menabe ({{circa|1685}}–1834) * 20px|border Kingdom of Boina ({{circa|1690}}–1840) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tamatave (1712–1828) * 20px|border Kingdom of Antongil (1773–1786) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tanibe (1822–1828)

====Sub-Saharan Africa==== * 20px|border Bornu Empire ({{circa|1380}}–1893) * 20px|border Shilluk Kingdom (15th century–1861) * Kingdom of Baguirmi (1480/1522–1897) * border|20x20px Wadai Empire (1501–1912)

==== Horn of Africa ==== * Sultanate of Mogadishu (10th century–16th Century) * Medri Bahri ({{circa|1137}}–1879) * Hadiya Sultanate (13th century–15th century) * 20px|border Ajuran Sultanate (13th/14th century–17th century) * Welayta Kingdom (c.1251–1896) * border|21x21px Ethiopian Empire (1270–1974) * Ennarea (14th century–{{circa|1710}}) * Kingdom of Kaffa ({{circa|1390}}–1897) * Kingdom of Janjero (c. 15th century–1894) * 20px|border Majeerteen Sultanate (15th/16th century–1927) * 20px|border Adal Sultanate (1415–1559) * 20px|border Imamate of Aussa (1577–1734) * Warsangali Sultanate (1613–1920) * Emirate of Harar (1647–1887) * Sultanate of the Geledi (1695–1911) * 20px|border Aussa Sultanate (1734–1936) * 20px|border Isaaq Sultanate (1750–1884) * Habr Yunis Sultanate ({{circa|1769}}–1907) * Kingdom of Gumma ({{circa|1770}}–1902) * Kingdom of Gomma ({{circa|1780}}–1886) * Kingdom of Jimma (1790–1932) * Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea (1801–1891) * Kingdom of Gera (1835–1887) * 20px|border Sultanate of Hobyo (1878–1927) * {{flagicon image|Dervish Somali flag.png}} The Dervish State (1899–1920) * Western Galla Confederation (1936) * 20px|border Jubaland (1998–2001) * 20px|border Puntland (1998–2004) * 20px|border Islamic Courts Union (2006) * 20px|border Maakhir (2007–2009) * 20px|border Republic of Azania (2011–2013) * 20px|border Khatumo State (2012–2017) * 20px|border South West State (2026)

==== Western Africa ==== * Kingdom of Nri (9th century–1911) * Mossi States (11th century–1897) ** Macakoali (11th century-1897) ** Piela (11th century-1897) ** Bilanga (11th century–1897) ** Con (11th-13th century–1896) ** Tenkodogo ({{circa|1120}}–1897) ** Bilayanga (1182–1897) ** Wogodogo (1182?–1897) ** Nungu (1204–1895) ** Yatenga (15th century–1895) ** Bongandini (16th century–1897) ** Gwiriko Kingdom (1714–1897) ** Liptako (1718–1897, fully disestablished 1963) ** Gurunsi ({{circa|1870}}–1899) * Bonoman (11th century–20th century) * border|24x24px Kingdom of Benin (1180–1897) * border|25x25px Mali Empire ({{circa|1230}}–1672) * Bambara Empire (1712–1861) * Ségou Empire (1712–1861) * Kingdom of Dagbon ({{circa|1250}}–1899?) * Mankessim Kingdom (1252–1844) * Kingdom of Waalo (1287–1855) * Oyo Empire ({{circa|1300}}–1896) * border|23x23px Songhai Empire ({{circa|1340}}–1591) * Jolof Empire (1350–1549) * Sultanate of Agadez (1449–1900) * Gyaaman ({{circa|1450}}–1895) * Empire of Great Fulo (Denanke Kingdom) [1490–1776] * Kingdom of Saloum (1494–1864, fully disestablished 1969) * Fante Confederacy (16th century–1873) * Denkyira ({{circa|1500}}–1701) * Kwararafa Confederacy ({{circa|1500|1840}}) * Kingdom of Sine (c. 1520–1867, fully disestablished 1969) * Kaabu (1537–1867) * 20px|border Kingdom of Cayor (1549–1879) * Kingdom of Jolof (1549–1875) * Kingdom of Baol (1555–1895) * Kingdom of Whydah ({{circa|1580}}–1727) * Emirate of Tagant (1581–1905) * Khasso (17th century–19th century) * Solimana (17th century–1869) * Emirate of Brakna ({{circa|1600}}–1904) * 20px|border Kingdom of Dahomey ({{circa|1600}}–1904) * Emirate of Trarza (1640–1902) * 20px|border Asante Empire (1670/1701–1902, still exists as a region) * 20px|border Aro Confederacy (1690–1902) * Bundu (1690–1858) * Kong Empire (1710–1898) * border|21x21px Bamana Empire (1712–1861) * 20px|border Imamate of Futa Jallon (1725–1912) * Imamate of Futa Toro (1725–1861) * Sultanate of Damagaram (1731–1851) * 20px|border Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903) * 20px|border Republic of Maryland (1854–1857) * Zabarma Emirate (1860–1897) * Toucouleur Empire (1861–1890) * 21px|border Wassoulou Empire (1878–1898) * 20px|border Republic of Dahomey (1958–1975) * 20px|border Republic of Upper Volta (1958–1984) * 20px|border Federal Republic of Cameroon (1961–1975) * 20px|border Union of African States (1961–1963) * 20px|border Niger Delta Republic (1966) * 20px|border Biafra (1967–1970) ** 20px|border Republic of Benin (September 19, 1967 – September 20, 1967) * 20px|border People's Republic of Benin (1975–1990) * 20px|border Democratic Republic of Bakassi (2006) * Republic of Toumoujagha (2007) * 20px|border Azawad (2012–2013)

==== African Great Lakes ==== * 20px|border Busoga (?–1906, still exists as traditional kingdom) * Kingdom of Rwanda (11th century–1885, fully disestablished 1962) * 20px|border Bunyoro (13th century–1897, still exists as traditional kingdom) * 20px|border Buganda (14th century–1894, still exists as traditional kingdom) * Kingdom of Karagwe (1450–1963) * 20px|border Ankole (1478–1901, fully disestablished 1967) * 20px|border Kingdom of Burundi (1680–1890/1962–1966) * 20px|border Tooro Kingdom (1830–1876, still exists as traditional kingdom) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rwenzururu (1962–1982) * 20px|border Republic of Martyazo (1972)

==== Eastern Africa ==== * Malindi Kingdom (9th century–15th century) * 20px|border Kilwa Sultanate (957–1513) * Pate Sultanate (1203–1870) * Kingdom of Maravi ({{circa|1480}}–1891) * Mombasa Sultanate (1502–1887, fully disestablished 1963) * 20px|border Sultanate of Zanzibar (pre–1503/4, 1856–1890, 1963–1964) * 20px|border Witu Sultanate ({{circa|1810}}–1905/1923) * 20px|border Sultanate of M'Simbati (1959) * 20px|border Tanganyika (1961–1964) ** 20px|border People's Republic of Zanzibar (1964)

====Central Africa==== * Anziku Kingdom (?–19th century) * 20px|border Kingdom of Kongo (1390–1914) * 20px|border Kingdom of Kakongo (pre-13th century–1885) * Kingdom of Ndongo (16th century–1671) * 20px|border Kingdom of Loango ({{circa|1550|1883}}) * Kingdom of Luba (1585–1889) * Yaka Kingdom (17th century–18th century) * Kingdom of Lunda ({{circa|1600}}–1887) * Kasanje Kingdom (1620–1910) * Kuba Kingdom (1625–1884) * Kingdom of Matamba (1631–1744) * border|26x26px Mbunda Kingdom (1700–1914) * Kazembe Kingdom (c. 1740–1894) * Chokwe Kingdom (19th century–1930) * Yeke Kingdom (1856–1891) * border|20x20px International Association of the Congo (1879–1885) * Sultanate of Utetera (1860–1894) * 20px|border Congo Free State (1885–1908) * 20px|border State of Katanga (1960–1963) * 20px|border South Kasai (1960–1962) * 20px|border Maquis of Fizi (1967–1986) * 20px|border People's Republic of the Congo (1969–1992) * 20px|border Republic of Zaire (1971–1997) * 20px|border Republic of Cabinda (1975–1976, 1999) * 20px|border Central African Empire (1976–1979) * 20px|border Republic of Logone (2015–2021)

====Southern Africa==== * 20px|border Kingdom of Mutapa (1430–1760) * Kingdom of Butua (1450–{{circa|1683}}) * Lozi Kingdom (17th century–{{circa|1840}}, 1864–1899) * Rozvi Empire (1660–1889) * Gciriku (1780–1894) * Mthethwa Empire ({{circa|1780}}–1817) * 20px|border Graaff-Reinet (1795–1796) * 20px|border Swellendam (1795) * 20px|border Griqualand West (1813) * border|21x21px Zulu Kingdom (1816–1897) * Kingdom of Mthwakazi (1823–1894) *Gaza Empire (1824–1895) * 20px|border Potchefstroom Republic (1830–1838) * 20px|border Winburg Republic (1836–1838) * Ndebele Kingdom (1837–1840) * 20px|border Republic of Winburg-Potchefstroom (1838) * 20px|border Natalia Republic (1839–1843) * 20px|border Andries-Ohringstad Republic (1845–1849) * 20px|border Republic of Zoutpansberg (1849–1864) * 20px|border South African Republic (Transvaal) [1852–1877, 1881–1902] * 20px|border Orange Free State (1854–1902) * 20px|border Utrecht Republic (1854–1858) * 20px|border Lydenburg Republic (1856–1860) * 20px|border Griqualand East (1862–1874) * 20px|border Klipdrift Republic (1870–1871) * 20px|border Free Republic of Rehoboth (1872–1990) * 20px|border State of Goshen (1882–1883) * 20px|border Republic of Stellaland (1882–1885) ** 20px|border United States of Stellaland (1883–1885) * 20px|border Nieuwe Republiek (1884–1888) * 20px|border Republic of Upingtonia (1885–1887) * 20px|border Klein Vrystaat (1886–1891) * 20px|border Union of South Africa (1910–1961) * {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} (1965–1979) ** {{flagcountry|Zimbabwe Rhodesia}} (1979) * 20px|border Transkei (1976–1994) * 20px|border Bophuthatswana (1977–1994) * 20px|border Venda (1979–1994) * 20px|border Ciskei (1981–1994)

===Asia=== ====Central Asia==== * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Chagatai_Khanate.svg}} Chagatai Khanate (1225–1680) * Moghulistan (1347–1462) * Uzbek Khanate (1428–1471) * Nogai Horde (1440–1634) * border|22x22px Kazakh Khanate (1465–1848) * Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1785) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg}} Khanate of Khiva (1511–1920) * Yarkent Khanate (1514–1705) * Dzungar Khanate (1634–1755) * border|24x24px Khanate of Kokand (1709–1868) * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Emirate_of_Bukhara.svg}} Emirate of Bukhara (1785–1873) * Bukey Horde (1801–1849) * 20px|border Kashgar Emirate (1864–1877) * {{Flagicon image|Proposed Flag of the Alash Autonomy (horizontal).svg}} Alash Autonomy (1917–1918) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg}} Turkestan Autonomy (1917–1918) * {{flagicon image|Confederated Republic of Altai Flag.svg}} Confederated Republic of Altai (1918–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic.svg}} Bukharan People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Khiva 1920-1923.svg}} Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (1920–1925) * {{flag|First East Turkestan Republic}} (1933–1934) * {{flag|Second East Turkestan Republic}} (1944–1949)

====East Asia==== * In China: ** border|20x20px Ming dynasty (1368–1644) ** Xi dynasty (1643–1647) ** Southern Ming (1644–1662) ** Shun dynasty (1644–1646) ** 20px|border Qing dynasty (1644–1912) ** 20px|border Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851–1864) ** 20px|border Great Han Sichuan Military Government (1911–1912) ** 23px|border Republic of China (based on mainland China 1912–1949; continued existence on Taiwan since 1949) ** 20px|border Empire of China (1915–1916) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} Guangzhou Commune (1927) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} Hunan Soviet (1927) ** 20px|border Hunan Soviet in a continental Chinese province (1927) ** {{flagicon image|中國工農紅軍軍旗.svg}} Soviet Zone of China (1927–1949) ** 25x25px Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet (1931–1934) ** 20px|border Jiangxi Soviet (1931–1937) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of Fujian People's Government.svg}} People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934) ** 20px|border East Hebei Autonomous Government (1935–1938) ** 20px|border Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of China (1912–1928).svg}} Reformed Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940) ** 20px|border Shanghai Great Way Government (1937–1938) ** 20px|border Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (Wang Jingwei Regime) [1940–1945] * In Tibet: ** Kingdom of Bumthang (7th century – 17th century) ** 20px|border Tibetan states (1300–1620) ** {{flag|Khoshut Khanate}} (1637–1717) ** 20px|border Tibet under Ganden Phodrang government (1644–1720) ** 20px|border Tibet (1912–1951) ** Tibetan People's Republic (1936) * In Manchuria: ** alt=Coat of Arms of Jaxa|frameless|27x27px Jaxa (1665–1674) ** 20px|border Korean People's Association in Manchuria (1929–1931) ** 20px|border Manchukuo (1932–1945) * In Outer Mongolia: ** Northern Yuan (1368–1635) ** 20px|border Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924) * In Inner Mongolia: ** 20px|border Mengjiang United Autonomous Government (1939–1945) ** 20px|border Inner Mongolian People's Republic (1945) ** {{flag|Mongolian Republic of Alxa}} (1949) * In Taiwan: ** frameless|20px|border Kingdom of Tungning (1661–1683) ** 20px|border Republic of Formosa (1895) * In Tuva: ** Uryankhay Republic (1911–1914) ** 20px|border Uryankhay Krai (1914–1921) ** 20px|border Tuvan People's Republic (1921–1944)

===== Korean Peninsula ===== * 20px|border Joseon (1392–1897) * 20px|border Korean Empire (1897–1910) * 20px|border People's Republic of Korea (1945–1946) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_Provisional_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Korea.svg}} Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (1945) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} Provisional People's Committee of North Korea (1946–1947) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Provisional People's Committee for North Korea.svg}} People's Committee of North Korea (1947–1948) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} First Republic of Korea (1948–1960) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} Second Republic of Korea (1960–1961) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_the_chairman_of_the_Supreme_Council_for_National_Reconstruction.svg}} Supreme Council for National Reconstruction (1961–1963) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} Third Republic of Korea (1963–1972) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1949–1984).svg}} Fourth Republic of Korea (1972–1981) * {{flagicon image|Flag_of_South_Korea_(1984–1997).svg}} Fifth Republic of Korea (1981–1988)

====West Asia==== ===== Afghanistan ===== * 20px|border Hotak dynasty (1709–1738) * border|20x20px Durrani Empire (1747–1823) * border|20x20px Herat (1793–1863) * 20px|border Principality of Kandahar (1818–1856) * border|41x41px Principality of Kabul (1823–1834) * |20px|border Emirate of Afghanistan (1834–1926) * 20px|border Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973) * 20px|border Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) * 20px|border Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (1978–1992) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Islamic Emirate of Kunar (1991) * 20px|border Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992–2002) * 20px|border First Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Jihad.svg}} Islamic Emirate of Badakhshan (1996) * 20px|border Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan (2002–2004) * {{flag|Islamic Republic of Afghanistan}} (2004-2021, still recognized as the legitimate government of Afghanistan)

===== Balochistan ===== * {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} Khanate of Kalat (1666–1736, 1747–1749, 1758–1955) * 20px|border Durrani Empire (1749–1758)

=====Anatolia===== * 20px|border Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461) * Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524) * Beylik of Karaman (1250–1487) * 20px|border Beylik of Candar (1292–1461) * 20px|border Beylik of Alaiye (1293–1471) * 20px|border Ottoman Empire ({{circa|1299}}–1923) * Beylik of Bafra (14th century–1460) * Beylik of Dulkadir (1337–1522) * Ramadanid Emirate (1352–1608) * Kara Koyunlu (1374–1468) * Aq Qoyunlu (1378–1501) * 20px|border Republic of Van (1915–1918) * 20px|border Kars Republic (1918–1919) * 20px|border Republic of Ararat (1927–1931)

=====Cyprus===== * 20px|border Kingdom of Cyprus (1192–1489) * {{flagicon|Turkey}} Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (1975–1983)

=====Iran (Persia)===== * Baduspanids (665–1598) * Mihrabanid dynasty (1236–1537) * Afrasiyab dynasty (1349–1504) * Marashiyan dynasty (1359–1596) * Kar-Kiya dynasty (1370s–1592) * 20px|border Iran-u-Turan (Timurid) (1370–1507) * 20px|border The Expansive Realm of Iran (Safavid dynasty) [1501–1736] * 20px|border Guarded Domains of Iran (Afsharid dynasty) [1736–1796] * 20px|border Guarded Domains of Iran (Zand dynasty) [1751–1794] * 20px|border Sublime State of Persia/Iran (1794–1925) * {{Flagicon|Russia}} Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919) * 20px|border Persian Socialist Soviet Republic in Gilan (Iran) [1920–1921] * 20px|border Imperial State of Persia/Iran (1925–1979) * 20px|border Azerbaijan People's Government (1945–1946) * 20px|border Republic of Mahabad (1946)

=====Levant===== * 20px|border Emirate of Mount Lebanon (1516–1842) * 20px|border Arab Kingdom of Syria (1920) * 20px|border All-Palestine Government (1948–1967) * 20px|border United Arab Republic (1958–1971) ** 20px|border Syrian Arab Republic (1971–2024) * {{Flagicon image|Former Flag of the Lebanese Army.svg}} Free Lebanon State (1979–1984) * 20px|border Islamic State (2014–2017)

=====Arabian Peninsula===== * 20px|border Imamate of Oman (749–1959) * 20px|border Kathiri Sultanate in Hadhramaut (14th century–1888) * 20px|border Emirate of Dhala (15th century–1904) * 20px|border Fadhli Sultanate (15th century–1888) * 20px|border Mahra State of Qishn and Socotra (1432–1886) * 20px|border Sheikhdom of Kuwait (1613–1961) * 20px|border Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf (1640–1888) * 20px|border Wahidi Sultanate of Haban (1640–1895) * 20px|border Bani Khalid Emirate (1669–1796) * 20px|border Emirate of Beihan (1680–1872) * 20px|border Omani Empire (1696–1856) * 20px|border Sultanate of Lahej (1728–1839) * 20px|border Emirate of Diriyah (1744–1812) * 20px|border Sultanate of Upper Yafa (1800–1903) * 20px|border Sultanate of Lower Yafa (1800–1895) * 20px|border Emirate of Nejd (1812–1891) * 20px|border Muscat and Oman (1820–1970) * 20px|border Emirate of Jabal Shammar (1836–1921) * 20px|border Qu'aiti Sultanate in Hadhramaut (1858–1888) * 20px|border Emirate of Riyadh (1902–1913) * 20px|border Emirate of Asir (1906–1934) * 20px|border Emirate of Nejd and Hasa (1913–1921) * 20px|border Sheikdom of Upper Asir (1916–1920) * 20px|border Kingdom of Hejaz (1916–1925) * 20px|border Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen (1918–1970) * 20px|border Sultanate of Nejd (1921–1925) * 20px|border Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932) * 20px|border Federation of South Arabia (1962–1967) * 20px|border Yemen Arab Republic (1962–1990) * 20px|border People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (1967–1990) * 20px|border Republic of Kuwait (1990)

====South Asia==== * Jaintia Kingdom (500–1835) * Laur Kingdom (600–1565) * 20px|border Udaipur State (734–1818) * 20px|border Garhwal Kingdom (823–1949) * 20px|border Kingdom of Cochin (before 12th century AD–1949) * 20px|border Sultanate of Maldives (1117–1796, 1954–1968) * 20px|border Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) * 20px|border Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576) * Jaunpur Sultanate (1394–1479) * 20px|border Kingdom of Mysore (1399–1948) * 20px|border Manikya dynasty (1400–1761) * border|23x23px Pratapgarh Kingdom (1489–1700s) * 25x25px Bijapur Sultanate (1490–1686) * 20px|border Sultanate of Golconda (1518–1687) * 20px|border Mughal Empire (1526–1857) * Sur Empire (1540–1556) * 20px|border Sikkim (1642–1975) * 20px|border Maratha Confederacy (1674–1820) * 20px|border Bengal Subah (1717–1757){{NoteTag|The Nawabs of Bengal ruled the Bengal Subah – a province of the Mughal Empire which pretty much became independent from 1717.}} * 20px|border Hyderabad State (1724–1798) * alt=|20px|border Travancore (1729–1949) * 20px|border Sikh Empire (1799–1849) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Free India (1943–1945) * 20px|border United Suvadive Republic (1959–1963)

====Southeast Asia==== * In Cambodia: ** 20px|border Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Kampuchea (1945) ** 20px|border Khmer Republic (1970–1975) ** 20px|border Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1979) ** 20px|border People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1992) * In Laos: ** 20px|border Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1707–1893) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Vientiane (1707–1828) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Champasak (1713–1904) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Luang Phrabang (1945) ** 20px|border Lao Issara (1945–1946) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Laos (1947–1975) * In Vietnam: ** Champa kingdom (192–1832) ** border|22x22px Đại Việt (1428–1804) ** 20px|border Nghệ-Tĩnh Soviet (1930–1931) ** 20px|border Empire of Vietnam (1945) ** 20px|border Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) [1945–1976] ** 20px|border Republic of Cochinchina (1946–1949) ** 20px|border Sip Song Chau Tai (Tai Federation) [1947–1955] ** 20px|border Provisional Central Government of Vietnam (1948–1949) ** 20px|border State of Vietnam (known as South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference of 1954) [1949–1955] ** 20px|border Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) [1955–1975] ** 20px|border Republic of South Vietnam (1975–1976) * In Myanmar (Burma): ** Mon kingdoms (13th–16th, 18th centuries) ** 20px|border Hanthawaddy kingdom (1287–1552) ** Pegu (1287–1539, 1747–1757) ** 20px|border Shan States (1287–1922) ** Arakan (1287–1784) ** border|22x22px Ava (1364–1555) ** Kingdom of Mrauk U (1429–1785) ** 20px|border Taungoo dynasty (1486–1752, 2nd Empire) ** 20px|border Konbaung dynasty (1752–1885, 3rd Empire) ** 20px|border State of Burma (1943–1945) ** 20px|border Union of Burma (1948–1962) * In Thailand: ** Langkasuka (2nd–15th century) ** Nakhon Si Thammarat Kingdom (13th century–1782) ** Lan Na (1292–1775) ** 20px|border Ayutthaya Kingdom (1350–1767) ** 20px|border Pattani kingdom (1516–1902) ** border|22x22pxSultanate of Singora (1605–1680) ** 20px|border Thonburi Kingdom (1767–1782) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Siam (1782–1932) ** border|21x21px Kingdom of Chiang Mai (1782–1894) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Setul Mambang Segara (1808–1916) * In Indonesia: ** 20px|border Republic of Indonesia (1945–1949){{NoteTag|Partially recognized state existed after WWII}} ** 20px|border United States of Indonesia (1949–1950) *** 20px|border State of East Indonesia (1946–1950) *** 20px|border West Kalimantan (1946–1950) *** 20px|border Great Dayak (1946–1950) *** 20px|border State of East Sumatra (1947–1950) *** 20px|border State of East Java (1948–1950) *** 20px|border State of Madura (1948–1950) *** 20px|border State of Pasundan (1948–1950) *** 20px|border State of South Sumatra (1948–1950) ** In Sumatra: *** 20px|border Sultanate of Aceh (1496–1903) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Langkat (1568–1946) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Deli (1609–1862, fully disestablished 1956) *** border|22x22px Jambi Sultanate (1615–1904) *** Palembang Sultanate (1659–1823) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura (1723–1945) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Serdang (1723–1946) ** In Java: *** 20px|border Majapahit (1293–1527) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Cirebon (1445–1677) *** Sultanate of Demak (1475–1548) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Banten (1527–1813) *** Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Mataram (1588–1681) ** In Lesser Sunda Islands *** 20px|border Bali Kingdoms (914–1908) *** Kingdom of Larantuka (1515–1904) *** 20px|border Bima Sultanate (1620–1951, fully disestablished 1958) ** In Sulawesi: *** Kingdom of Banggai (? – 1907) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Gowa (14th century–1911, fully disestablished 1945) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Bone (14th century – 1905) *** Kingdom of Wajoq ({{circa|1400}}–1906, fully disestablished 1957) ** In Maluku: *** 20px|border Sultanate of Ternate (1257–1914) *** border|20x20px Sultanate of Tidore (1273–1920) *** 20px|border Republic of South Maluku (1950–1963) ** In Borneo: *** Kingdom of Kutai Martadipura (399–1635) *** Berau Sultanate (14th century–1810) *** Sultanate of Kutai Kartanegara (1300–1844) *** 20px|border Bruneian Empire (1368–1888) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Banjar (1526–1860) *** Sambas Sultanate (1609–1819, fully disestablished 1956) *** 20px|border Sultanate of Bulungan (1731–{{circa|1880}}, fully disestablished 1964) *** 20px|border Pontianak Sultanate (1771–1779) *** 20px|border Lanfang Republic (1777–1884) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Sarawak (1841–1888) ** In Riau Islands: *** 20px|border Riau-Lingga Sultanate (1824–1911) * In Malaysia: ** 20px|border Kedah Sultanate (1136–1821, 1842–1945) ** border|20x20px Sultanate of Malacca (1400–1511) ** border|20x20px Pahang Sultanate (1470–1623) ** 20px|border Johor Sultanate (1528–1855) ** 20px|border Pahang Kingdom (1770–1881) ** 20px|border Malayan Union (1946–1948) ** 20px|border Federation of Malaya (1957–1963) * In the Philippines ** 20px|border Sultanate of Sulu (1405–1915) ** 20px|border Sultanate of Maguindanao (1500–1888) ** 20px|border Sovereign Tagalog Nation (1896–1897) ** 20px|border Tejeros Revolutionary Government (1897) ** 20px|border Republic of Negros (1898–1899) ** 20px|border Cantonal Government of Negros (1898–1901) ** 20px|border First Philippine Republic (1899–1902) ** 20px|border Tagalog Republic (1902–1906) ** 20px|border Second Philippine Republic (1943–1945)

===Europe=== {{see also|Former countries in Europe after 1815}}

====Nordic countries==== In the Nordic countries, unions were personal, not unitary * 20px|border Schleswig (1058–1864) * {{flagicon|Kalmar Union}} Kalmar Union (1397–1523, intermittent) * {{flagicon|Denmark}} Denmark–Norway (1524–1814, intermittent) * 20px|border Kingdom of Norway (1814) * 20px|border United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814–1905) * 20px|border Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (1918–1919)

====Modern France==== * 20px|border Viscounty of Béarn (9th century–1620) * 20px|border Kingdom of France (843–1792, 1814/15–1848) ** 20px|border Duchy of Burgundy (918–1482) ** 20px|border Duchy of Brittany (939–1532) * 20px|border Duchy of Lorraine (959–1766) * 20px|border County of Foix (1010–1607) * 20px|border Kingdom of Corsica (1736) * 20px|border Corsican Republic (1755–1769) * 20px|border Anglo-Corsican Kingdom (1794–1796) * border|20x20px French First Republic (1792-1804) * 20px|border French Empire (1804-1814/15, 1852–1870) ** 20px|border First French Empire (1804–1814/15) ** 20px|border Second French Empire (1852–1870) * Kingdom of France (1815-1848) ** 26x26px|Royal flag of France during the Bourbon Restoration Bourbon Restoration (1815-1830) ** 20px|border July Monarchy (1830-1848) * 20px|border French Second Republic (1848-1852) * 20px|borderFree Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (1848–1849) * 20px|border Paris Commune (1871) * 20px|border Third French Republic (1870–1940) ** 20px|border Territory of the Saar Basin (1920–1935) * 20px|border Alsace-Lorraine Soviet Republic (1918) * 20px|border Vichy France (1940–1944) * 20px|border Fourth French Republic (1946–1958) ** 20px|border Saar Protectorate (1946–1956)

====The German-speaking world ====

* '''Modern Germany''' ** 20px|border Holy Roman Empire (843–1806) ** 20px|border Reuss (1010–1806) ** 20px|border Pomerania (1121–1637) ** 20px|border Lippe (1123–1871) ** {{flagicon|Germany}} Waldeck (1180–1871) ** 20px|border Hamburg (1189–1871) ** 20px|border Lübeck (1226–1871) ** 20px|border Saxe-Lauenburg (or Duchy of Lauenburg) [1296–1871] ** 20px|border Prussia (1525–1871) *** 20px|border Duchy of Prussia (1525–1618) *** 20px|border Brandenburg-Prussia (1618–1701) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1871) ** 20px|border Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (1599–1871) ** 20px|border Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1599–1871) ** 20px|border Saxe-Altenburg (1602–1871) ** 20px|border Hohenzollern-Hechingen (1623–1850) ** 20px|border Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1623–1850) ** 20px|border Saxe-Gotha (1640–1680) ** 20px|border Schaumburg-Lippe (1647–1871) ** 20px|border Saxe-Hildburghausen (1680–1826) ** 20px|border Saxe-Meiningen (1680–1871) ** 20px|border Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1735–1826) ** 20px|border Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) [Electorate, 1803–1807, 1813–1866] ** 20px|border Duchy of Anhalt (1806–1918) ** 20px|border Grand Duchy of Baden (1806–1871) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Bavaria (1806–1871) ** 20px|border Frankfurt (Free Imperial City of Frankfurt (HRE), before 1806; City of Frankfurt, 1815–1866) ** 20px|border Nassau (1806–1866) ** 20px|border Saxony (kingdom) [1806–1871] ** 20px|border Principality of Reuss-Gera (1806–1918) ** 20px|border Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813) ** 20px|border Württemberg (kingdom) [1806–1871] ** 20px|border Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1809–1871) ** 20px|border Grand Duchy of Frankfurt (1810–1813) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866) ** 20px|border Bremen (1815–1871) ** 20px|border Brunswick (1815–1871) ** 20px|border German Confederation (1815–1866) ** 20px|border Hesse-Homburg (1815–1866) ** 20px|border Holstein (1815–1864) ** 20px|border Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1815–1871) ** 20px|border Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1815–1871) ** 20px|border Oldenburg (1815–1871) ** 20px|border Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1826–1871) ** 20px|border German Empire (1848–1849) ** 20px|border North German Federation (1867–1871) ** 20px|border German Empire (1871–1918) ** 20px|border Weimar Republic (1918–1933) *** 20px|border Bavarian Soviet Republic (1919) ** 20px|border Nazi Germany (1933–1945) ** 20px|border German Democratic Republic (1949–1990) [also known as '''East Germany''' or '''GDR'''], its states acceded to Federal Republic of Germany in 1990. *** {{flag|West Berlin}} (1948–1990) {{For|the hundreds of feudal states of various size (mainly Kleinstaaterei) and nature that were part of the non-centralised Holy Roman Empire (mainly in Germany, Austria, Benelux countries and various neighbouring regions)|List of states in the Holy Roman Empire}}

** 20px|border Free State of Bottleneck (1919–1923) ** 20px|border Free Republic of Schwarzenberg (1945) ** {{Flag|East Germany}} (1949-1990) ** {{Flag|West Germany}} (1949-1990)

* '''Austria''' ** 20px|border Duchy of Austria (1156–1453) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tirol and Upper Austria.svg}} County of Tyrol (1140–1919) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Styria.svg}} Duchy of Styria (1180–1918) ** Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg (1328–1803) ** 20px|border Archduchy of Austria (1453–1804, 1867–1918) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy.svg}} Austrian Empire (1804–1867) ** 20px|border Austria-Hungary (1867–1918) ** {{Flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} Republic of German-Austria (1918–1919) ** 20px|border First Austrian Republic (1919–1934) ** 20px|border Federal State of Austria (1934–1938)

==== Switzerland ==== * 20px|border Old Swiss Confederacy (1300–1798) * 20px|border Helvetic Republic (1798–1803) * 20px|border Rhodanic Republic (1802–1810)

====Italy==== {{See also|Historical states of Italy}} * 20px|border Republic of Venice (697–1797) * 20px|border Papal States (752–1870) * 20px|border Marquisate of Finale (967–1602) * 20px|border Republic of Ancona ({{circa|1000}}–1532) * 20px|border Republic of Genoa (1095–1797) * 20px|border Republic of Florence (1115–1569) * 20px|border Kingdom of Sicily (1130–1816) * 20px|border Republic of Noli (1192–1797) * 20px|border Republic of Lucca (1160–1805) * 20px|border Duchy of Mantua (1273–1707) * 20px|border Kingdom of Naples (1282–1816) * 20px|border Kingdom of Naples (1285–1816) * Republic of Senarica (1343–1797) * 20px|border Duchy of Milan (1395–1797) * 20px|border Republic of Cospaia (1440–1826) * 20px|border Duchy of Urbino (1443–1625) * 20px|border Duchy of Modena (1452–1796, 1815–1859) * 20px|border Duchy of Massa and Carrara (1473–1829) * 20px|border Sovereign Military Order of Malta (1530–1798) * 20px|border Duchy of Parma (1545–1859) * 20px|border Grand Duchy of Tuscany (1569–1801, 1815–1859) * 20px|border Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861) * 20px|border Republic of Alba (1796) * {{flagicon|Italy}} Transpadane Republic (1796–1797) * 20px|border Anconine Republic (1797–1798) * 20px|border Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) * 20px|border Cispadane Republic (1796–1797) * 20px|border Republic of Crema (1797) * 20px|border Gozitan Nation (1798–1801) * 20px|border Kingdom of Etruria (1801–1807) * 20px|border Italian Republic (Napoleonic) [1802–1805] * 20px|border Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic) [1805–1814] * 20px|border Principality of Lucca and Piombino (1805–1814) * 20px|border Principality of Elba (Elba) [1814–1815] * 20px|border Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia (1815–1866) * 20px|border Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1815–1860) * 20px|border Duchy of Lucca (1815–1847) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tavolara (1836–1934) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Milan (1848) * 20px|border Republic of San Marco (1848–1849) * 20px|border Kingdom of Sicily (1848) * 20px|border Roman Republic (19th century) [1849] * 20px|border United Provinces of Central Italy (1859–1860) * 20px|border Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946) * {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} Regency of Carnaro (1919–1920) * 20px|border Italian Social Republic (1943–1945) * 20px|border Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954) * 20px|border Republic of Rose Island (1968–1969)

====Modern United Kingdom==== * 23px|border Kingdom of Scotland (843–1707) * 23px|border Kingdom of England (927–1707) * 20px|border Principality of Wales (1216–1536) * 23px|border Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and (1659–1660) * 23px|border The Protectorate (1653–1659) * 23px|border Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) * 23px|border United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–1922)

====Ireland==== * Kingdom of Uí Failghe (?–1550) * 20px|border= Osraige (150–1541) * Airgíalla (331–1585) * 20px|border= Uí Maine ({{circa|357}}–1611) * 20px|border Tyrconnell (5th century–1607) * 20px|border= Tír Eoghain (5th century–1607) * 20px|border Kingdom of Connacht (406–1474) * Ailech (450–1617) * 20px|border Kingdom of Leinster (7th century BC–1603) * 20px|border= Fermanagh (10th century–1607) * Magh Luirg ({{circa|956}}–1585) * 20px|border= Thomond (1118–1543) * 20px|border= Kingdom of Desmond (1118–1596) * 20px|border Lordship of Ireland (1171–1542) * 20px|border= Clandeboye (1283–1605) * 20px|border Kingdom of Ireland (1541–1801) * 20px|border Irish Catholic Confederation (1641–1649) * 20px|border Republic of Connacht (1798) * {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Irish Soviets (1919–1922) ** {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Limerick Soviet (1919) * {{flag|Irish Free State}} (1922–1937)

====Benelux==== * 20px|border Prince-Bishopric of Liège (972–1789, 1791–1795) * 20px|border Duchy of Brabant (1183–1794) * 20px|border Duchy of Bouillon (1456? – 1794) * 20px|border Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795) * 20px|border Batavian Republic (1795–1806) * 20px|border Republic of Liège (1789–1791) * 20px|border United Belgian States (1789–1790) * 20px|border Kingdom of Holland (1806–1810) * 20px|border Sovereign Principality of the United Netherlands (1813–1815) * 20px|border United Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1839)

====Iberian countries==== * 23px|border Kingdom of Galicia (410–1833) * 23px|border Kingdom of Navarre (824–1620) * 18px|border Couto Misto (10th century–1868) * 20px|border Kingdom of Castile (1065–1833) * 20px|border Principality of Catalonia (12th century – 1714/1833) * 23px Crown of Aragon (1164–1707/1715) * 23px Crown of Castile (1230–1716) * 20px|border Kingdom of Majorca (1231–1715) * 23px Emirate of Granada (1232–1492) * Iberian Union (1580–1640) * 23px First Catalan Republic (1640–1641) * 23px|border United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (1815–1825) * 23px|border Kingdom of Portugal (Monarchy of the North) [1919] * 23px|border Ditadura Nacional (1926–1933) * 20px|border Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) * border|25x25px Republic of Galicia (1931) * 23px Second Catalan Republic (1931) * {{flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} Asturian Socialist Republic (October 1934) * {{flagicon image|CNT FAI flag.svg}} Revolutionary Catalonia (1936–1937) * 24x24px|Flag of Spain (1945–1977) Francoist Spain (1936-1975)

====Poland==== * border=|25x25px Duchy of Bytom (1281–1498) * border|25x25px Duchy of Opole (1281–1532) * border=|25x25px Duchy of Racibórz (1281–1521) * border|25x25px Duchy of Teschen (1281–1918) * border=|25x25px Duchy of Pomerania-Wolgast (1295–1478) * Szczecin Principality (1295–1523) * border=|25x25px Duchy of Pomerania-Stolp (1368–1478) * 25x25px|border= Duchy of Pomerania (1478–1531, 1625–1637) * border=|25x25px Duchy of Masovia (1495–1526) * border=|25x25px Duchy of Opole and Racibórz (1521–1532, 1551–1556) * border=|25x25px Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795) ** 25x25px|border= Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1236–1795) ** 25x25px|border= Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (1386–1795) ** 25x25px|border Royal Prussia (1466–1569) ** 25x25px|border Duchy of Prussia (1525–1657) ** 25x25px|border Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1561–1795) * border|25x25px Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria (1772–1918, part of the Austrian Empire, later part of Austria-Hungary) * border|25x25px Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815; part of First French Empire, personal union with the Kingdom of Saxony) * 20px|border Free City of Danzig (1807–1814) * 25x25px|border Free, Independent, and Strictly Neutral City of Cracow with its Territory (1815–1846) * border|25x25px Kingdom of Poland (1815–1832; personal union with the Russian Empire) * border|25x25px Grand Duchy of Posen (1815–1848; part of the Kingdom of Prussia) * border|25x25px Polish National Government (1830–1831) * border|25x25px Grand Duchy of Kraków (1846–1918; part of Austria-Hungary) * border|25x25px Polish National Government (1846) * 25x25px|border Polish National Government (1863–1864) * border|25x25px Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918) * border|25x25px Republic of Zakopane (1918) * 25x25px|border Republic of Tarnobrzeg (1918–1919) * 25x25px|border Komancza Republic (1918–1919) * 25x25px|border Lemko-Rusyn People's Republic (1918–1920) * border|25x25px Second Polish Republic (1918–1939) * 25x25px Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922) * border|25x25px Free City of Danzig (1920–1939) * border|25x25px Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee (1920) * border|25x25px Polish Underground State (1939–1945) * border|25x25px Polish Committee of National Liberation (1944) * border|25x25px Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland (1944–1945) * border|25x25px Provisional Government of National Unity (1945–1947) * border|25x25px Republic of Poland (1947–1952) * border|25x25px Polish People's Republic (1952–1989) * border|25x25px Polish National-Territorial Region (1990–1991)

====Ukraine ==== * 20px|border Zaporozhian Sich (1552–1775) * 20px|border= Cossack Hetmanate (1649–1764) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} Ukrainian State (1918) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} West Ukrainian People's Republic (1918–1919) * 20px|border Makhnovshchina (1918–1921) * Kholodny Yar Republic (1919–1922) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Hutsul Republic (1919) * 20px|border Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991; sovereign until 1922) * 20px|border Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (1920) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Carpatho-Ukraine (1939) * {{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukrainian National Government (1941) * 20px|border Donetsk People's Republic (2014–2022) * 20px|border Luhansk People's Republic (2014–2022)

====Crimea==== * 20px|border= Principality of Theodoro (13th century–1475) * 20px|border Crimean Khanate (1449–1783) * 20px|border Crimean People's Republic (1917–1918) * 20px|border Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1941/1944–1945/1991–1992) * 20px|border Republic of Crimea (2014)

====Baltic countries and Belarus==== * 20px|border State of the Teutonic Order (1230–1525) * 20px|border Grand Duchy of Lithuania (1236–1795) * 20px|border Kingdom of Livonia (1570–1578) * 20px|border Soviet Republic of Naissaar (1917–1918) * {{flagicon|Lithuania}} Kingdom of Lithuania (1918) * 20px|border Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940) * 20px|border Republic of Perloja (1918–1923) * 20px|border Belarusian People's Republic (1918–1919) * 20px|border United Baltic Duchy (1918) * 20px|border Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic (1918–1920) * 20px|border First Latvian Republic (1918–1940) * 20px|border Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918) * 20px|border Commune of the Working People of Estonia (1918–1919) * 20px|border First Estonian Republic (1918–1940) * 20px|border Lithuanian–Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919) * 20px|border Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1922) * 20px|border Republic of Central Lithuania (1920–1922) * Zuyev Republic (1941–1947) ====Russia==== * 20px|border Grand Duchy of Ryazan (1097–1521) * 20px|border Novgorod Republic (1136–1478) * {{noflag}}Principality of Beloozero (13th–15th century) * {{noflag}}Principality of Yaroslavl (1218–1463) * 20px|border Grand Duchy of Moscow (1283–1547) * 20px|border Principality of Tver (1246–1483) * 20px|border Golden Horde (1320–1547) * 20px|border Principality of Great Perm (1323–1505) ** Vyatka Land * 20px|border Pskov Republic (1348–1510) * {{Flagicon image|Zilant flag.gif}} Khanate of Kazan (1438–1552) * Qasim Khanate (1452–1681) * {{noflag}}Astrakhan Khanate (1466–1556) * border|20x20px Khanate of Sibir (1468–1598) * 20px|border Tsardom of Russia (1547–1721) * {{flag|Kalmyk Khanate}} (1630–1771) * left|frameless|27x27px Jaxa (1665–1674) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Empire (1721–1917) * 20px|border Petrograd Soviet of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies (1917–1924) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Republic (1917) * 20px|border Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1917–1922) * 20px|border Bashkiria (1917–1919) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Mongolia (1911-1921).svg}} State of Buryat-Mongolia (1917–1920) * 20px|border Republic of Uhtua (1918–1920) * 20px|border Kuban People's Republic (1918–1920) * 20px|border Don Republic (1918–1920) * 20px|border Idel-Ural State (1 March 1918 – 28 March 1918) * 20px|border Provisional Regional Government of the Urals (19 August 1918 – 26 October 1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Russian Republic (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Russian State (1918–1920) * 20px|border Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Supreme Administration of the Northern Region (1918) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Provisional Government of the Northern Region (1918–1920) * {{flagicon|Russia}} Armed Forces of South Russia (1918–1919) * {{Flagicon|Ingria}}North Ingria (1919–1920) * 20px|border Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922) * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} Green Ukraine (1920–1922) * 20px|border Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922–1991) ** 20px|border Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991) ** 20px|border Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1991) ** 20px|border Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991) ** 20px|border Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991) ** 20px|border Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991) ** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Karelo-Finnish SSR.svg|size=20px}} Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1956) ** 20px|border Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) ** 20px|border Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) ** 20px|border Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990) ** 20px|border Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1990) ** 20px|border Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1940–1991) *** 20px|border Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991) ** 20px|border Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (1922–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Turkestan Autonomous SSR Flag.svg}} Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1924) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Volga German ASSR.svg}} Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–1941) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Bashkir ASSR.svg}} Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tatar ASSR.svg}} Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of The Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920-36).svg}} Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1920–1936) *** {{flagicon image|}} Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1924) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Dagestan ASSR.svg}} Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1921–1945) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Yakut ASSR.svg}} Yakut Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Buryat ASSR.svg}} Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Karelian ASSR.svg}} Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1923–1940, 1956–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kirghiz ASSR (1926–1936).svg}} Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (1926–1936) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mordovian ASSR.svg}} Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Udmurt ASSR.svg}} Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1934–1990) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kalmyk ASSR.svg}} Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1935–1943, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Checheno-Ingush ASSR.svg}} Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardino-Balkar ASSR.svg}} Kabardino-Balkarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1944, 1957–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Komi ASSR.svg}} Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Mari ASSR.svg}} Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the North Ossetian ASSR.svg}} North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1992) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kabardin ASSR (1954-1957).svg}} Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1944–1957) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of Tuvan ASSR (1978-1992).svg}} Tuvan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1961–1992) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} Khakas Autonomous Oblast (1990–1991) *** {{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR.svg}} Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (1990–1991) ** 20px|border Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic (1929–1991) ** 20px|border Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991) ** 20px|border Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1922–1991) ** 20px|border Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (1924–1991) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Tungus Republic.svg}} Tungus Republic (1924–1925)

====Hungary==== * 20px|border Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1804) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526) ** x20px|border Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (1526–1551, 1556–1570) ** 20px|border Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) ** 20px|border Principality of Upper Hungary (1682–1685) ** 20px|border Principality of Transylvania (1711–1804) * 20px|border Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526) * 20px|border Hungarian State (1849) * 20px|border Transliethania (1867–1918) * 20px|border First Hungarian Republic (1918–1919) * 20px|border Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919) * 20px|border Hungarian Republic (1919–1920) * 20px|border Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946) ** 20px|border Government of National Unity (1944–1945) * 20px|border Second Hungarian Republic (1946–1949) * 20px|border Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)

====Czechia and Slovakia==== * 20px|border Margraviate of Moravia (1182–1918) * 20px|border Kingdom of Bohemia (1198–1918) * {{flagicon image|Slovak_Flag_(1848).svg}} Slovak National Council (1848–1849) * {{flagicon|TCH}} First Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1938) * 20px|border Slovak Soviet Republic (1919) * {{flagicon|TCH}} Second Czechoslovak Republic (1938–1939) * 20px|border Slovak Republic (1939–1945) * {{flagicon|TCH}} Third Czechoslovak Republic (1945–1948) * {{flagicon|TCH}} Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948–1989; before 1960 as Czechoslovak Republic) * {{flagicon|TCH}} Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)

====Balkans==== * The Albanian-speaking world: ** 20px|border Independent Albania (1912–1914) ** 20px|border Republic of Central Albania (1913–1914) ** 20px|border Principality of Albania (1914–1925) ** 20px|border Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus (1914) ** 20px|border Italian protectorate over Albania (1917–1920) ** 20px|border Republic of Mirdita (1921) ** 20px|border Albanian Kingdom (1928–1939) ** 20px|border Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943) ** 20px|border German occupation of Albania (1943–1944) ** 20px|border People's Socialist Republic of Albania (1946–1992) ** 20px|border Republic of Kosova (1991–1999) * The Serbo-Croatian-speaking world: ** In '''Bosnia''': *** 24x24px Kingdom of Bosnia (1377–1463) *** 20px|border Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1878–1918) *** 20px|border Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia (1991–1996) *** 20px|border Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) *** 20px|border Republika Srpska (1992–1995) *** {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995) ** In '''Croatia''': *** 20px|border Republic of Ragusa (1358–1808) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Croatia (1527–1868) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Slavonia (1699–1868) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (1868–1918) *** 20px|border State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918) *** 20px|border Free State of Fiume (1920–1924) *** 20px|border Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945) *** 20px|border Free Territory of Trieste (1947–1954) *** 20px|border Republic of Serbian Krajina (1991–1995) ** In '''Montenegro''': *** 20px|border Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro (1516–1852) *** 20px|border Principality of Montenegro (1852–1910) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Montenegro (1910–1918) *** 20px|border Italian governorate of Montenegro (1941–1943) *** 20px|border German-occupied territory of Montenegro (1943–1944) ** In '''Serbia''': *** First Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346) *** Serbian Empire (1346–1371) *** 20px|border Revolutionary Serbia (1804–1813) *** 20px|border Principality of Serbia (1815–1882) *** 20px|border Second Kingdom of Serbia (1882–1918) *** 20px|border State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs (1918) *** 20px|border Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943) *** 20px|border Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1943–1992) *** {{Flag|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|1992}} (1992–2003) *** {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} (2003–2006)

* In '''Bulgaria''': ** First Bulgarian Kingdom/Empire (681-1018) ** the Second Bulgarian Kingdom or Empire (1185–1422) ** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} Principality of Bulgaria (1878–1908) ** 20px|border Strandzha Commune (1903) ** {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} the Third Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946) ** 20px|border People's Republic of Bulgaria (1946–1990)

* In '''North Macedonia''': ** 20px|border Kruševo Republic (1903) ** 20px|border Independent Macedonia (1944)

* In Greece: ** 20px|border Septinsular Republic (1800–1815) ** 20px|border United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864) ** 20px|border Principality of Samos (1815–1864) ** 20px|border Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece (1821–1825) ** 20px|border First Hellenic Republic (1828–1832) ** 20px|border Kingdom of Greece (1832–1924, 1935–1941, 1944–1974) ** 20px|border Cretan State (1898–1913) ** 20px|border Free State of Ikaria (1912) ** 20px|border Second Hellenic Republic (1924–1935)

* In the Romanian-speaking world (including Daco-Romanian and Aromanian): ** the Second Bulgarian Kingdom (a.k.a. the Vlach–Bulgarian Empire) [1185–1422] ** 20px|border Voivodship of Transylvania (12th century–1541) ** 20px|border Principality of Wallachia (1330–1859) ** 20px|border Principality of Moldavia (1346–1859) ** 20px|border Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711) ** 20px|border Grand Principality of Transylvania (1711–1867) ** 20px|border Duchy of Bukovina (1849–1918) ** 20px|border United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (1859–1881) ** {{flagicon|Romania}} Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947) ** 20px|border Italian Islands of the Aegean (1912–1945) ** 20px|border Samarina Republic (1917) ** 20px|border Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918) ** 20px|border Banat Republic (1918–1919) ** 20px|border Principality of the Pindus (1941–1942) ** 20px|border Romanian People's Republic, then the Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989) * In Slovenia: ** 20px|border County of Cilli (1341–1456) * In Turkey: ** 20px|border Byzantine Empire (395–1453) *** 24x24px Duchy of Athens (1205–1458) *** Despotate of Epirus (1356–1479) ** 20px|border Ottoman Empire ({{circa|1299}}–1922) ** 20px|border Government of the Grand National Assembly (1920–1923)

====Caucasus==== * 20px|border Kingdom of Georgia (1008–1490) * 20px|border Kingdom of Imereti (1260–1810) * border|20x20px Samtskhe-Saatabago (1266–1625) * 20px|border Avar Khanate (13th century–1864) * 20px|border Circassia (13th century–1864) * 20px|border Kabardia ({{circa|1453}}–{{circa|1825}}) * 20px|border Principality of Guria (1460–1829) * 20px|border Principality of Svaneti (1463–1858) * 20px|border Kingdom of Kakheti (1465–1762) * border|20x20px Kingdom of Kartli (1478–1762) * 20px|border Principality of Mingrelia (1557–1867) * Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844) * 20px|border Nakhichevan Khanate (1747–1828) * 25px Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (1762–1801) * {{Flagicon image|Thirdimamateflag.svg}} Caucasian Imamate (1828–1859) * 20px|border Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1917–1921) * 23px|border Democratic Republic of Georgia (1918–1921) * {{flagicon|Armenia}} First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Aras.svg}} Republic of Aras (1918–1919) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Centrocaspian Dictatorship.svg}} Centrocaspian Dictatorship (1918) * {{flagdeco|Russia}} Military Dictatorship of Mughan (1918–1919) * {{flagicon image|Baku_Commune.png}} Baku Commune (1918) * {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918–1920) * 23px|border Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (February 1918–May 1918) * 20px|border North Caucasian Emirate (1919–1920) * {{flagdeco|Armenia}} Republic of Mountainous Armenia (April 1921–July 1921) * border|23px Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (1991–2000) * {{flagicon|Artsakh}} Republic of Artsakh (1991–2024)

===North America=== {{See also|:Category:Former countries in North America}}

==== Belize ==== * Chetumal (1544) * Dzuluinicob (1544) * Manche Chol (1704) * Mopan (1720s)

==== Canada ==== * Huronia (Wendake) (1649) * Neutral Confederacy (1650s) * Council of Three Fires (1776) * Seven Nations of Canada (1797) * 20px|border Republic of Madawaska (1827) * 20px|border Republic of Canada (1837–1838) * 24x24px Republic of Lower Canada (1838) * 20px|border Miꞌkmaꞌki (1867) * 20px|border Republic of Manitoba (1867–1870) * Kulhulmcilh (1869) * Iron Confederacy (1885) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Saskatchewan (1885) * 20px|border Dominion of Newfoundland (1907–1949) * Rupert's Land * Nova Scotia (Now a province) * New Brunswick (Now A Province) * Prince Edward's Island (Now a province)

==== Caribbean Islands ==== * 20px|border Republic of Pirates (1706–1718) * 20px|border First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806) * 20px|border Republic of South Haiti (1806–1820) * 20px|border State of Haiti (1806–1811) * 20px|border Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820) * 20px|border Republic of Spanish Haiti (1821–1822) * 20px|border First Dominican Republic (1844–1861) * 25px|border Republic of Puerto Rico (1868, 1898) * 20px|border West Indies Federation (1958–1962) * 20px|border Republic of Anguilla (1967–1969)

==== Guatemala ==== * 20px|border United Provinces of Central America (1823–1839/1841) * 20px|border State of Los Altos (1838–1840, 1848–1849)

==== Mexico ==== * border|140x140px Zapotec civilization ({{circa|700 BC}}–1521 AD) * 20px|border Cocollán (1100–1521) * Aztec Empire (1428–1521) * Governing Junta of Mexico (1808) * 20px|border Northern America (1813) * 20px|border First Mexican Empire (1821–1823) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Mexico (1823–1824) * 20px|border First Mexican Republic (1824–1835) * 20px|border Centralist Republic of Mexico (1835–1846) * 20px|border Republic of the Rio Grande (1840) * 20px|border Republic of Yucatán (1841–1848) * 20px|border Second Federal Republic of Mexico (1846–1863) * 20px|border Republic of Sonora (1853–1854) * 20px|border Republic of Baja California (1853–1854) * 20px|border Second Mexican Empire (1864–1867)

==== United States ==== * 20px|border Iroquois Confederacy (between 1142 and 1660–1867) * Coosa chiefdom (c. 1600) * Tsenacommacah (1600–1677) * Tovaangar (18th century) * Republic of Watauga (1772–1778) * Council of Three Fires (1776) * 20px|border Vermont Republic (1777–1791) * 20px|border Chahta Yakni (1786–1866) * 20px|border Tsalagiyi (ᏣᎳᎩᏱ) [1794–1865] * Northwestern Confederacy (1783–1795) ** Wabash Confederacy (1780–1792) ** Tecumseh's confederacy (1808–1813) * State of Franklin (1784–1788) * Trans-Oconee Republic (1794) * 20px|border State of Muskogee (1799–1803) * Yazoo lands (1802) * 20px|border Republic of West Florida (1810) * 24x24px Republic of East Florida (1812) * 24x24px Republic of the Floridas (1817) * Lenapehoking (1830) * Illinois Confederation (1832) * Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835) * 20px|border Republic of Texas (1836–1846) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Oregon (1841/1843–1849) * Comancheria (1845) * 20px|border California Republic (June 14 – July 9, 1846) * 20px|border State of Deseret (1849–1850) * 20px|border The Great Republic of Rough and Ready (1850) * 20px|border Palmetto Republic (1860–1861) * 20px|border Alabama Republic (1861) * 20px|border Republic of Louisiana (1861) * 20px|border Republic of Georgia (1861) * 20px|border Republic of Mississippi (1861) * {{Flag|Confederate States of America}} (1861–1865)

===Oceania=== {{see also|List of predecessors of sovereign states in Oceania}}

* 20px|border Kingdom of Bora Bora (till 1888 or 1895) * 20px|border Kingdom of Raiatea (till 1888, French protectorate since 1880) * 20px|border Kingdom of Huahine (till 1895, French protectorate since 1888) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rurutu (till 1900, French protectorate since 1888) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rimatara (till 1901, French protectorate since 1888) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tahuata (till 1880, French protectorate since 1842) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rapa Iti (till 1881, kingship continued to 1887) * border|22x22px Kingdom of Mangareva (till 1881, French protectorate since 1844/1871) * Taiohae Kingdom of Nuku Hiva (till 1901, sovereignty ceded to France in 1842) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rapa Nui (till 1888) * Kingdom of Nauru (till 1888) * Tuʻi Tonga Empire ({{circa|450}}–1865) * Saudeleur dynasty ({{circa|1100|1628}}) * border|25x25px Kingdom of ʻUvea (15th century–1887) * Kingdom of Alo (1565–1888) * Kingdom of Niuē-Fekai ({{circa|1700}}–1901) * Kingdom of Sigave (1784–1888) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tahiti (1788/91–1880, French protectorate since 1842) * {{flagicon image|Kingdom of Abemama Flag.svg}} Kingdom of Abemama (1795–1892) * 20px|border Kingdom of Hawaii (1795–1893) * 20px|border Mangareva (1881) * 20px|border Kingdom of Tuamotu (1832–1843) * 20px|border Kingdom of Rarotonga (1858–1893) * 20px|border Kingdom of Fiji (1871–1874) * 20px|border Provisional Government of Hawaii (1893–1894) * 20px|border Republic of Hawaii (1894–1898) * 20px|border Dominion of Fiji (1970–1987) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977-1978).svg}} People's Provisional Government of Vanuatu (1977–1978) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Vemerana.svg}} Republic of Vemerana (1980) * border|20px Republic of Rotuma (1987–1988)

===South America=== ==== Argentina ==== * {{flagicon image|Flag of Argentina (1818).svg}} United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1810–1831) * 20px|border Liga Federal (1815–1820) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Artigas.svg}} Republic of Entre Ríos (1820–1821) * {{flagicon image|Republica de tucuman.png}} Republic of Tucumán (1820–1821) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Argentine Confederation.svg}} Argentine Confederation (1831–1861) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Buenos Aires.svg}} State of Buenos Aires (1852–1861) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia.svg}} Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (1860–1862)

==== Bolivia ==== * Pacajes Kingdom (1100–1480) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} State of Upper Peru (1825) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1825}} Republic of Bolívar (1825) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} Republic of Upper Peru (1828) * {{flagdeco|Bolivia|1831}} Bolivian Republic (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839)

==== Brazil ==== * Theocratic Republic of Guairá (1627–1632) * 20px|border Liga Federal (1815–1820) * 20px|border Pernambuco (1817) * {{flag|Empire of Brazil}} (1822–1889) * {{flagicon image|Bandeira da Confedereção do Equador.svg|border}} Confederation of the Equator (1824) * {{flagicon image|Flag of Piratini Republic.svg|border}} Riograndense Republic (1836–1845) * {{flagicon image|Flag of República Juliana (1839).svg|border}} Juliana Republic (1839) * {{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of Independent Guyana (1887-1904).svg|border}} Republic of Counani (1886–1891) * 20px|border Principality of Trinidad (1893–1895) * {{flag|Republic of Acre}} (1899–1900, 1903)

==== Chile ==== * Government Junta of Chile (1810) * 20px|border Kingdom of Chile (1810–1814) * 20px|border New State of Chile (1819–1826) * 20px|border Conservative Republic (1830–1861) * 20px|border Kingdom of Araucania and Patagonia (1862)

==== Colombia ==== * 20px|border Muisca Confederation (1450–1537) * 20px|border Governing Junta of the Province of Cartagena (1810–1811) * 20px|border Governing Junta of Santiago de Cali (1810–1811) * 20px|border Free State of Cartagena (1811) * 20px|border Confederate Cities of Valle del Cauca (1811) * 20px|border Free and Independent State of Cundinamarca (1811–1815) * 20px|border United Provinces of New Granada (1811–1816) * 20px|border Free State of Mariquita (1814–1816) * 20px|border Gran Colombia (1819–1831) * 20px|border Republic of New Granada (1831–1858)

==== Ecuador ==== * 20px|border State of Quito (1809–1812) * 20px|border Gran Colombia (1819–1831) * 20px|border Free Province of Guayaquil (1820–1822)

==== Paraguay ==== * 20px|border El Stronato (1954–1989)

==== Peru ==== * Kingdom of Chimor ({{circa|900}}–1470) * Canas Kingdom (1100–1480) * Canchis Kingdom (1100–1480) * Colla Kingdom (1150–1463) * Lupaca Kingdom (1150–1600) * 20px|border Inca Empire (1438–1533) * {{flagdeco|Peru|1821}} Protectorate of Peru (1821–1822) * 20px|border Iquicha (1821–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|south}} Republic of South Peru (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} Republic of North Peru (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru-Bolivian Confederation}} Peru-Bolivian Confederation (1836–1839) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} Peruvian Republic (1837) * {{flagdeco|Peru|north}} Peruvian Republic (1838–1839) * Federal State of Loreto (1896) * Jungle Nation (1899–1900)

==== Uruguay ==== * Governing Junta of Montevideo (1808–1809) * 20px|border Liga Federal (1815–1820)

==== Venezuela ==== * 20px|border Supreme Junta (1810–1811) * 20px|border First Republic of Venezuela (1811–1812) * 20px|border Second Republic of Venezuela (1813–1814) * 20px|border Third Republic of Venezuela (1817–1819) * 20px|border Gran Colombia (1819–1831)

=== Other === * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg}} Islands of Refreshment (1811–1816)

==Modern states and territories by type==

===Dismembered countries=== These states are now dissolved into a number of states. * {{Flag|Nazi Germany|name=Greater German Reich}} – Dissolved in 1945, its former territory now consists of the entirety of the countries of Austria and Germany, plus parts of what are now: Belarus, the Czech Republic, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Russia, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Greece, Serbia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukraine and Slovenia. * {{Flagcountry|Empire of Brazil|name=Empire of Brazil}} – An empire created after Brazil declared its independence in 1822 and dissolved in 1889, now the countries of Brazil and Uruguay (who declared its independence in 1825 and was recognized in 1828). * {{Flagcountry|Federal Republic of Central America}} – Existed from 1821 to 1841, broken up into: Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. * {{flag|Republic of China (1912–1949)|name=Republic of China (Mainland Period)}} – Polity existed to 7 December 1949 and its territory now controlled by: the People's Republic of China (Mainland China); Mongolia; portion of the territory claimed by India and Japan; and parts of Afghanistan, Bhutan, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan. The rump state still known as the "Republic of China" continues to control Taiwan and Penghu, which were acquired from Japan in 1945, as well as Kinmen and Matsu Islands, forming part of the rump Fujian Province. See also the political status of Taiwan and the Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan. * {{Flagcountry|Czechoslovakia}} – Existed from 1918 to 1992, the country wasn't active in World War II, but the government was in exile, dissolved in 1992, and broken up into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. * {{Flagcountry|Korean Empire}} – Ceased to exist in 1910, its former territory now consists of the entirety of territory controlled by North Korea and South Korea plus a portion of territory claimed by Japan. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Mali (1959-1961).svg}} Mali Federation – In 1959 formed by Senegal and French Sudan, both parts of French West Africa, as an independent nation. It collapsed in 1960 and is now Senegal and Mali. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and Algarves.svg}} Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (''Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves'') – Created in 1815 when Brazil was upgraded to the rank of kingdom once the Portuguese royal family was living in Rio de Janeiro since 1809. This country was dissolved in 1822 when Brazil became independent. Now the countries of: Portugal, Brazil, Cabo Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, Angola, East Timor and Mozambique. * {{Flagcountry|Rhodesia}} – Dissolved in 1979, now the country of Zimbabwe. * {{Flag|Serbia and Montenegro}} – Dissolved in 2006, now the countries of Montenegro, Serbia, and the partially recognized Kosovo. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Somalia.svg}} Somali Republic – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of Somalia and unrecognized Somaliland. * {{Flag|Soviet Union}} – Dissolved in 1991, now the countries of: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The Baltic countries were annexed by the Soviet Union until 1991 (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) were not recognized by most Western countries de jure part of the Soviet Union. * {{Flagicon image|Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic_(1958–1971),_Flag_of_Syria_(1980–2024).svg}} United Arab Republic – A union formed by Egypt and Syria in 1958. It was dissolved in 1961, though Egypt used the name until 1971. Other Pan-Arab unity agreements with Iraq and Jordan in the 1950s failed. * United Arab States – A confederation formed by the United Arab Republic and North Yemen in 1958; it was dissolved in 1961. * {{Flagcountry|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia}} – Dissolved in 1991 and 1992, now the countries of: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia and the partially recognized Kosovo.

===Nominally independent homelands of South Africa=== Four of the homelands, or bantustans, for black South Africans, were granted nominal independence by the apartheid regime of South Africa. Not recognised by other nations, these effectively were puppet states and were re-incorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Bophuthatswana (1972–1994).svg}} Bophuthatswana – Declared independent in 1977, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ciskei.svg}} Ciskei – Declared independent in 1981, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Transkei.svg}} Transkei – Declared independent in 1976, reincorporated in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Venda (1973–1994).svg}} Venda – Declared independent in 1979, reincorporated in 1994.

===Secessionist states=== These nations declared themselves independent, but failed to achieve it in fact or did not seek permanent independence and were either re-incorporated into the mother country or incorporated into another country. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine.svg}} Carpatho-Ukraine – Declared independence from Czechoslovakia in 1939, but was occupied and annexed by Hungary in one day. * Cartagena Canton – The haven city of Cartagena, Spain, seceded from the First Spanish Republic in 1873. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Catalonia.svg}} Catalan Republic (April 14–17, 1931). * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.svg}} Chechnya – Virtually independent from Russia from 1996 as '''Chechen Republic of Ichkeria'''; however, the country was recognized only by the Taliban. After terrorist attacks in 1999 the republic was returned to Russia's control in the Second Chechen War. * {{Flagcountry|Confederate States of America|1861}} – Occupied the southeastern United States, stretching from Texas to Virginia. Declared secession from the U.S. in 1861, reintegrated into the U.S. in 1865. Reconstruction ended in 1876 and U.S. troops withdrew as an occupation force in 1877. South Carolina was the first state to declare its secession from the United States, doing so on December 20, 1860. Political factions in the "border states" of Kentucky and Missouri declared themselves parts of the Confederacy and controlled small portions of those regions early in the war. The major Indian tribes in Oklahoma signed an alliance with the Confederacy and participated in its military efforts against the U.S. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Crimean ASSR (1938).svg}} Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic – Declared independence from Ukraine in 1992 but soon settled for being an autonomous republic within Ukraine. * Cruzob – Achieved independence from Mexico in 1856 but was re-annexed in 1901. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Green Ukraine.svg}} Green Ukraine – Declared independence from Far Eastern Republic in 1920, dissolved in 1922. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia.svg}} Herzeg-Bosnia – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1994. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} Italian Social Republic (1943–1945) * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Katanga.svg}} Katanga – Declared its independence of the newly formed Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1960, was incorporated again into the country in 1963. * {{Flagicon image|State Flag of Serbian Krajina (1991).svg}} Serbian Krajina – Declared independence from Croatia in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 1995. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of South Kasai.svg}} South Kasai – Declared independence from the Democratic Republic of the Congo in June 1960, reincorporated into the country in December 1961. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Russia-2.png|size=23px}} Supreme Administration of Northern Region – Proclaimed independent in 1918, later became the Provisional Government of the Northern Region. * {{Flagcountry|Republika Srpska (1992–95)}} – Separated from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992, reincorporated into the country in 1995. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Principality of Trinidad.svg}} Principality of Trinidad – Declared independence in 1893, claimed by United Kingdom in 1895, but incorporated by Brazil. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia (1993–1995).svg}} Western Bosnia – Declared independence from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1993 and reincorporated into it in 1995. * {{flag|Novorossiya}} – Established in 2015 as a result of the merger of the Donetsk People's Republic with the Luhansk People's Republic, and at the beginning of 2015 the confederation project was suspended. ** {{flag|Donetsk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 7, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised. ** {{flag|Luhansk People's Republic}} – Declared independence on April 27, 2014. As a result of a staged referendum of September 30, 2022, it was incorporated as a republic into the Russian Federation. The incorporation is not recognised. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Artsakh.svg}} Republic of Artsakh – Declared independence from Azerbaijan in 1991, reincorporated into the country in 2024.

===Annexed countries=== These nations, once separate, are now part of another country. Cases of voluntary accession are included. * {{Flagicon image|Labaro Reggenza Italiana del Carnaro.svg}} Regency of Carnaro in 1919 and {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Free State of Fiume.svg}} Free State of Fiume 1920–1924 – Two short-lived states in the port city of Fiume/Rijeka proclaimed by Gabriele D'Annunzio. Following World War I, the city was disputed between Italy and Yugoslavia, and it was eventually captured by Italy in 1921. The city passed to Yugoslavia after World War II and is now in Croatia. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Couto Misto.svg}} Couto Misto – Tiny 10th-century border territory that was split between Spain and Portugal in 1868. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Cretan State.svg}} Crete – Autonomous under Ottoman suzerainty in 1898, unilaterally declared union with Greece in 1908, which was recognized in 1913. * {{Flag|East Germany}} – Joined West Germany in 1990 and now part of Germany. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of England}} – Merged with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Franceville.svg}} Franceville (1889–1890) – Independent in 1889, later governed by France and Britain as part of the New Hebrides; now part of Vanuatu. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Hatay.svg}} Hatay – Part of the Mandate of Syria that became part of Turkey; independent 1938–1939. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Hawaii}} – Annexed on July 7, 1898, by the 55th Congress of the United States of America. * {{Flagicon image|FlagofKalat.svg}} Khanate of Kalat (1638, 1666–1955) – 1666 to 1955, became part of Pakistan. * Free States of Menton and Roquebrune – Seceded from Monaco in 1848, under nominal protection of the Kingdom of Sardinia, then annexed by France in 1861. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Moresnet.svg}} Moresnet (1816–1920) – Tiny European territory that endured for a hundred years before definitively becoming part of Belgium. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Natalia Republic.svg}} Natalia Republic (1839–1843) – Was quickly made into a British colony. * {{flagcountry|size=23px|Dominion of Newfoundland}} (1907–1949) – Joined Canada as the tenth province. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Islands of Refreshment.svg}} Islands of Refreshment – The islands of Tristan da Cunha were settled in 1810 and declared independence in 1811. Annexed by the United Kingdom in 1815. * {{Flagcountry|Kingdom of Scotland|1542}} – Merged with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707, now part of the United Kingdom. * {{Flag|South Vietnam}} – Occupied by North Vietnam in 1975 and annexed into it in 1976. * {{Flagicon image|Flag of Tatarstan.svg}} Republic of Tatarstan – Existed from 1992 until annexed by Russia in 1994. * {{Flagcountry|Transvaal}} – Now part of South Africa. * {{Flagcountry|Republic of Texas}} – Annexed by the U.S. in 1845. * 20px|border Vermont Republic – Annexed by the US in 1791.

==See also==

* {{annotated link|List of former monarchies}} * {{annotated link|List of former national capitals}} * List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies * {{annotated link|List of largest empires}} * {{annotated link|List of micronations}} * {{annotated link|Lists of political entities by century}} * {{annotated link|List of sovereign states}} ** {{annotated link|List of Bronze Age states}} ({{circa|3300|1200 BC}}) ** {{annotated link|List of Iron Age states}} ({{circa|1200|600 BC}}) ** {{annotated link|List of Classical Age states}} ({{circa|600 BC|AD 200}}) ** {{annotated link|List of states during Late Antiquity}} ({{circa|200|700}}) ** {{annotated link|List of states during the Middle Ages}} ({{circa|700|1500}}) ** List of pre-modern states *List of colonies *List of French client states * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (before 1500)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1500–1899)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (1900–1999)}} * {{annotated link|Timeline of geopolitical changes (2000–present)}} * {{annotated link|Former countries in Europe after 1815}} * {{annotated link|List of historic states of Germany}} ** List of states in the Holy Roman Empire * {{annotated link|List of historic states of Italy}} * {{annotated link|List of tribes and states in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine}} * {{annotated link|Political history of the world}} * {{annotated link|Princely state}}

==Notes== {{reflist|group=note}} {{notelist|30em}}

== References == {{reflist|30em}}

==Further reading== * Berge, Bjørn (2017). ''Nowherelands: An Atlas of Vanished Countries 1840–1975''. New York: Thames & Hudson. {{ISBN|9780500519905}}. 240pp. * Harding, Les. ''Dead Countries of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries: Aden to Zululand''. Scarecrow Press, 1998. {{ISBN|0-8108-3445-6}}.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Former Sovereign States, List Of}} * Sovereign States Category:Lists of non-sovereign nations Category:Former countries by period