{{Short description|Moroccan viceroyalty}} {{Infobox former country | conventional_long_name = Principality of Debdou | common_name = Debdou | native_name = {{native name|ar|إمارة دبدو}} | image_map = Wattasids - Simplified map.PNG | capital = Debdou | religion = Islam, Judaism | government_type = Hereditary monarchy | year_end = 1563 | life_span = 1430–1563 | year_start = 1430 | image_map_caption = Map of Morocco in 1515. The Principality of Debdou is in the east. | title_leader = Emir | year_leader1 = 1430–1460 {{smaller|(first)}} | leader1 = Musa ibn Hammu | year_leader2 = 1460–1485 | leader2 = Ahmad ibn Musa | year_leader3 = 1485–1515 | leader3 = Muhammad ibn Ahmad | year_leader4 = 1515–1550 | leader4 = Muhammad II | year_leader5 = 1550–1563 {{smaller|(last)}} | leader5 = Ammar | p1 = Marinid Sultanate | s1 = Saadi Sultanate | today = Morocco }}
The '''Principality of Debdou''' was an autonomous hereditary viceroyalty that existed in eastern Morocco from 1430 to 1563, with its capital at Debdou. It was governed by the Ouartajin, a dynasty of Berber descent, related to the Marinids and Wattasids.<ref name=":0">Mohammed Nehlil, ''Notice sur les tribus de la région de Debdou'', 1911, p.42-43 [http://www.berberemultimedia.fr/bibliotheque/auteurs/Nehlil_BSGAAN_1911.pdf]</ref><ref>Louis Massignon, ''Le Maroc dans les premières années du XVIe siècle : Tableau géographique d'après Léon L'Africain'', in: Mémoires de la Société Historique Algérienne I, Éd. Adolphe Jourdan, 1906, p.266</ref>
== History == The Principality of Debdou was first established in 1430 as a governorate of Morocco, then ruled by the Marinids. Debdou served as a march of the Marinid Sultanate against the Abd al-Wadid Kingdom of Tlemcen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=El Briga |first=C. |date=1995-04-01 |title=Debdou |url=https://journals.openedition.org/encyclopedieberbere/2230 |journal=Encyclopédie berbère |language=fr |issue=15 |pages=2254–2255 |doi=10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2230 |issn=1015-7344|doi-access=free }}</ref>
By the second half of the 15th century, the Ouartajin gained more autonomy towards Fez, as the Marinids lost their prestige and most of their power to the Wattasid Viziers.<ref name=":0" /> The Principality became fully autonomous when Muhammad ibn Ahmed was appointed Viceroy of Debdou by the Wattasid Sultan Muhammad ibn Yahya (r. 1472–1504).<ref name=":0" />
During the last years of the reign of Muhammad II, the Principality of Debdou became a tributary state of the Saadians.<ref name=":0" /> Moulay Ammar assisted the Ottomans in the Capture of Fez in 1554<ref>{{cite book|access-date=2021-06-10|date=1920|first1=Auguste|language=fr|last1=Cour|page=218|publisher=P. Geuthner|title=La dynastie marocaine des Beni Wattâs (1420-1544)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oD9FAAAAYAAJ&q=leur+ancien+fief+de+badis+et+le+petit+souverain+de+debdou+venait+aussi+les+rejoindre+avec+ses+hommes}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite book|access-date=2021-06-13|date=1931|first1=Coissac de|language=fr|last1=Chavrebière|publisher=Payot|title=Histoire du Maroc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmUcAAAAMAAJ&q=Les+alli%C3%A9s+accrus+de+six+cents+lances+amen%C3%A9es+de+Velez+par+les+fils+d'Abou+Hassoun+,+et+d'une+troupe+du+roi+de+Debdou+,+atteignirent+le+Sebou+(+3+janvier+1554+)+.}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> and later defected to the Saadians in the Battle of Wadi al-Laban in 1558 against the Turks of Hasan Pasha.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boyer |first=Pierre |date=1966 |title=Contribution à l'étude de la politique religieuse des Turcs dans la Régence d'Alger (XVIe-XIXe siècles) |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/remmm_0035-1474_1966_num_1_1_910 |journal=Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=11–49 |doi=10.3406/remmm.1966.910}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Margoliouth |first=D. S. |year=1936 |title=Les Sources inédites de l'Histoire du Maroc. Publiées par Pierre de Cenival et Philippe de Cossé Brissac. Première Série—Dynastie Sa'dienne; Archives et Bibliothèques d'Angleterre: Tome III: Mars 1626–1660. Publication de la Section Historique du Maroc. Paris: Paul Geuthner, 1936. Frs. 150. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00088328 |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=328 |doi=10.1017/s0035869x00088328 |issn=0035-869X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> In 1563, the Saadi Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib overthrew the Ouartajin and made Debdou a fully dependent Pashalik of Morocco, serving to defend against the Ottoman Empire.<ref name=":0" /> == List of Emirs == {| class="wikitable" !scope="col"|Reign !scope="col"|Emir !scope="col"|Notes |- valign="top" |1430–1460 | scope="row" |'''Musa ibn Hammu''' |Appointed governor of Debdou. |- valign="top" |1460–1485 | scope="row" |'''Ahmad ibn Musa''' | |- valign="top" |1485–1515 | scope="row" |'''Muhammad ibn Ahmad''' |Appointed Viceroy of Debdou after being besieged by Muhammad ibn Yahya. |- valign="top" |1515–1550 | scope="row" |'''Muhammad II''' |Became tributary of the Saadi Sultanate. |- valign="top" |1550–1563 | scope="row" |'''Ammar''' |Annexation of the Principality following his death by Abdallah al-Ghalib. |}
== References == {{reflist}} {{Wattasid dynasty topics}}
Category:States and territories established in 1430 Category:States and territories disestablished in 1563 Category:15th century in Morocco Category:16th century in Morocco Debdou, Principality of Category:Marinid dynasty Category:Wattasid dynasty