Parides iphidamas

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}} {{Speciesbox | name = Iphidamas cattleheart | image = Transandean Cattleheart (Parides iphidamas), dorsal.jpg | image_caption = Male, dorsal view | image2 =ParidesIphidamasIphidamasMUpUnAC1.jpg | taxon = Parides iphidamas | authority = (Fabricius, 1793) | synonyms = * ''Papilio iphidamas'' Fabricius, 1793 }}

'''''Parides iphidamas''''', the '''Iphidamas cattleheart''' or '''Transandean cattleheart''', is a species of Neotropical butterfly in the family Papilionidae.<ref name=butterfliesofamerica>{{cite web |url= http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/t/Parides_iphidamas_a.htm |title= ''Parides iphidamas'' |last1= Warren |first1= A. D. |year= 2010 |work= Butterflies of America |accessdate=22 January 2011|display-authors=etal}}</ref><ref name=glassberg>{{cite book |last1=Glassberg |first1=Jeffrey |title= A Swift Guide to the Butterflies of Mexico and Central America |year= 2007 |publisher= Sunstreak Books Inc |isbn= 978-1-4243-0915-3}}</ref>

==Subspecies== * ''P. i. iphidamas'' (Fabricius, 1793) (southern Mexico to Panama)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. ayabacensis'' (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (southern Ecuador to northern Peru)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. calogyna'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (western Ecuador)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. elatos'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (northwestern Colombia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. gorgonae'' Vélez & Salazar, 1991 (Colombia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. phalias'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (central Colombia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. i. teneates'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (northeastern Colombia to northwestern Venezuela)<ref name=funet/>

==Description== thumb|left|Ventral view of a ''Parides iphidamas'' laying an egg ''Parides iphidamas'' has a wingspan of about {{convert|10|cm}}. The dorsal sides of the forewings are black, with a broad green and white spots (completely white in females), while the dorsal sides of the hindwings show a broad red band or spot. Along the edges there are many small yellow spots. The undersides of the wings are black with a white band on the forewings and several pink patches on the hindwings.<ref>Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' {{ISBN|0-245-52097-X}} Page 26, figure 11 (male) figure 12 (female, underside)</ref><ref name=bma>Brian McAndrew, ''Butterflies'' – James Lorimer & Co. Ltd Publishers</ref> The body of the butterfly is black with red dots. The poisonous caterpillars are chocolate brown, with white or brown protrusions resembling thorns. The host plants are various toxic ''Aristolochia'' species (''A. cordiflora'', ''A. maxima'', ''A. odoratissma'', ''A. pilosa'', ''A. ringens'', and ''A. tonduzii'').<ref name=funet>{{cite web |url= http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/parides/index.html#iphidamas |title= ''Parides iphidamas'' |last= Savela |first= Markku |work= funet.fi |accessdate=22 January 2011}}</ref>

==Description from Seitz==

{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}} P. iphidamas. Male: tibiae and 1 segment of the tarsi thickened and covered with fine hairs. Female :forewing at the margin less deep black than in ''P. erithalion''. Mexico to Ecuador and North Venezuela. A common species, which is not easy to distinguish from ''P. erithalion'' and ''P.lycimenes'', and is consequently often mistaken for them. — ''iphidamas'' F. (= ''panares'' Gray, ''achelous'' Hopff., ''incandescens'' Btlr.) is the Central American form. Male: forewing distally not transparent; the green area usually reduced, always enclosing one or two white spots; often a white spot in the cell; band of the hindwing gradually widened posteriorly, a narrow spot behind the 2.median. Female: cell-spot on the forewing large, usually some smallspots beyond the cell; the spot before the 2.median smaller than the preceding one, or obliquely cut off towards the base; band of the hindwing almost unicolorous bright red, its inner margin evenly curved. South Mexico to Panama. — ''phalias'' R & J. (4b). Male: the green area widest posteriorly, reaching to the hindmargin; hindwing with three red spots separate from the cell. Female: forewing slightly transparent at the apex: cell-spot very large; the spot before the 1.median much larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing very broad, pale on the inner side. Colombia: Magdalena Valley and Cordillera of Bogota. —''elatos'' R & J. Male : the green area smaller than in the preceding subspecies; hindwing with three small red spots. Cauca Valley. — ''calogyna'' R. & J. (4b).Male: forewing exteriorly somewhat more thickly scaled than in ''phalias'' and ''elatos'', usually a white spot before the 2.median; hindwing with 3 small red spots, close together. Female: the spot before the 1.median of the forewing larger than the preceding one; band of the hindwing bright red, its inner margin usually white. West Ecuador and west coast of Colombia. —''teneates'' R.&J. Male : the green area narrow, separated from the cell, usually enclosing one or two white spots. Female not known with certainty. North Venezuela and North Colombia.<ref> Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . ''The Macrolepidoptera of the World''. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. {{PD-notice}}</ref>

<gallery> File:Macrolepidoptera15seit 0017.jpg|Seitz </gallery>

==Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)== A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)<ref>Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. ''Novitates Zoologicae'' 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/425/mode/1up online]</ref>

==Distribution== This species is native to the Central and South America. It occurs from southeastern Mexico to Costa Rica, Panama, and Peru.

==Habitat== It is common in various habitats, ranging from open lowlands to wooded areas and tropical forests from sea level to {{convert|1200|m|sp=us}}.<ref name=Threatened>{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |authorlink1=N. Mark Collins |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |date=1985 |chapter=''Parides iphidamas'' (Fabricius, 1793) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/81/mode/1up |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland & Cambridge |page=69 |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> Females mainly occur where the caterpillar host plant are located, in forest clearings and along forest edges.

==Taxonomy==

''Parides iphidamas'' is a member of the ''anchises'' species group<ref>Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers {{ISBN|9783937783277}} </ref>

The members are *''Parides anchises'' *''Parides cutorina'' *''Parides erithalion'' *''Parides iphidamas'' *''Parides panares'' *''Parides phosphorus'' *''Parides vertumnus''

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Further reading== {{Commons category|Parides iphidamas}} {{Wikispecies|Parides iphidamas}} * {{cite book |last1= Lamas |first1= Gerardo |title= Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part4A Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea |year= 2004 |publisher= Scientific Publishers, Inc |location= Gainesville, Florida |isbn= 0-945417-28-4 |page=93}}

iphidamas Category:Butterflies of Central America Category:Lepidoptera of Mexico Category:Swallowtail butterflies of South America Category:Butterflies described in 1793 Category:Lepidoptera of Costa Rica Category:Lepidoptera of Panama Category:Lepidoptera of Ecuador Category:Lepidoptera of Peru Category:Lepidoptera of Colombia Category:Lepidoptera of Venezuela Category:Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius

Parides iphidamas

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