Parides anchises

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}} {{Speciesbox | image = Parides anchises anchises MHNT dos.jpg | image_caption = ''Parides anchises anchises'' | image2 = Parides anchises anchises MHNT ventre.jpg | image2_caption = ''Parides anchises anchises'', underside | genus = Parides | species = anchises | authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) | synonyms = * ''Papilio anchises'' Linnaeus, 1758 * ''Papilio telmosis'' H. W. Bates, 1861 * ''Papilio eteocles'' C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865 * ''Papilio citri'' Fabricius, 1938 (repl. name) }}

'''''Parides anchises''''', the '''Anchises cattleheart''', is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae native to the Americas.<ref name=butterfliesofamerica>{{cite web |url= http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/t/Parides_anchises_a.htm |title= ''Parides anchises'' |last1= Warren |first1= A. D. |year= 2010 |work= Butterflies of America |accessdate=22 January 2011|display-authors=etal}}</ref> It is common and not threatened.<ref name=Threatened>{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |authorlink1=N. Mark Collins |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |date=1985 |chapter=''Parides anchises'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/82/mode/1up |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland & Cambridge |page=70 |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}</ref> The larvae feed on ''Aristolochia'' species including: ''A. brazilsis'', ''A. bukuti'', ''A. colombiana'', ''A. cymbifera'', ''A. fimbriata'', ''A. inflata'', ''A. macroura'', ''A. odora'', ''A. ringens'', and ''A. triangularis''.<ref name=funet>{{cite web |url= https://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/parides/index.html#anchises |title= ''Parides anchises'' |last= Savela |first= Markku |work= funet.fi |accessdate=22 January 2011}}</ref>

==Subspecies== thumb|left|''P. a. nephalion'' thumb|left|Plate depicting several subspecies * ''P. a. anchises'' (Linnaeus, 1758) (Guyana to French Guiana)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. alyattes'' (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) (central Colombia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. bukuti'' Brévignon, 1998 (French Guiana)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. cymochles'' (Doubleday, 1844) (Trinidad and eastern Venezuela)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. drucei'' (Butler, 1874) (Colombia to northern Bolivia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. etias'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (northern Bolivia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. farfan'' K. S. Brown, 1994 (Panama)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. foetterlei'' (Rothchild & Jordan, 1906) (central to southern Brazil)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. humaita'' D'Abrera, 1981 (northwestern Brazil)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. koenigi'' T. Racheli, 1989 (Peru)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. marinae'' T. Racheli, 1987 (Peru)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. marthilia'' R. G. Maza, 1999 (southern Mexico)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. nephalion'' (Godart, 1819) (eastern Brazil to Paraguay and northern Argentina)<ref name=funet/><ref>Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' {{ISBN|0-245-52097-X}} Page 26, figure 17, female</ref> * ''P. a. nielseni'' Bollino & Salazar, 2001 (Colombia)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. orbignyanus'' (Lucas, 1852) (central Brazil to Paraguay)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. orinocensis'' (Rousseau-Decelle, 1960) (northeastern Venezuela)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. osyris'' (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861) (Venezuela)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. serapis'' (Boisduval, 1836) (northern Colombia to Venezuela)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. stilbon'' (Kollar, 1839) (southern Brazil)<ref name=funet/> * ''P. a. thelios'' (Gray, [1853]) (northern Brazil)<ref name=funet/>

==Description from Seitz==

{{Lepidopteran glossary hatnote}} P. anchises. Apex of the forewing distinctly, though only slightly, transparent. Male: tibiae and 1. segment of the tarsi thickened and covered with fine hairs; hindwing blue, strongly iridescent. female; the spot before the 1. median larger than the preceding spot. Colombia to South Brazil and Paraguay. The black-brown larva has on the first and on the penultimate segment two dorsal spots, and on each of the thoracic segments and the 8. and 9. abdominals one lateral spot; on the 6. and 7. segments is an oblique lateral band, sometimes broken up into spots. The dorsal humps on the pupa are three-edged and rather small. — ''alyattes'' Fldr. (4b, c). Male: the green area separate from the cell, enclosing at least one white spot, placed before the 2. median, many specimens with a second spot before the 1. median; the last spot on the inner surface of the hindwing larger than in ''P. iphidamas phalias''. Female: cell-spot narrow; band of the hindwing entering the end of the cell, black outer margin wider than in ''iphidamas''. Colombia, in the Magdalena Valley- and probably- on both sides of the Cordillera of Bogota. — ''serapis'' Boisd. Male: the green area very long and narrow, only- a little wider posteriorly than anteriorly; band of the hindwing consisting of at least five spots. Female: cell-spot large, almost triangular, the spot before the 1. median very large and the band on the hindwing very broad. North Colombia. The distribution of ''serapis'' and ''alyattes'' is only very imperfectly known. — ''osyris'' Fldr. (= ''xenares'' Fldr., ''toxaris'' Fldr., ''severus'' Fldr.) (4 b). Male: the green area of the forewing and the band of the hindwing broader than in ''serapis''. Female: the cell-spot usually extending transversely across the cell; the band of the hindwing very little paler internally than externally. Venezuela. — ''cymochles'' Doubl. (= ''anacharsis'' Fldr.). Male : forewing with one to three spots; hindwing with three, occasionally four, red spots. Female: spots of the forewing purer white than in the preceding subspecies;cell-spot small; band of the hindwing almost unicolorous red, broadest in the middle. Trinidad, Paria Peninsida and Orinoco. — ''anchises'' L. (= ''telmosis'' Bates, ''toxaris'' Fldr.) (4 c). Male : green area narrow, sometimes wanting; hindwing more strongly dentate than in the other forms, the red spots usually widely separated. Female: forewing without cell-spot or with merely a cell-streak, often without any spots; hindwing with a row of six or seven red spots, separated from one another. Dutch and French Guiana. — ''thelios'' Gray (= ''hierocles'' Gray, ''aglaope'' Gray [partim.]) (5 a). Male : the green area triangular, enclosing one or two rather large white spots; hindwing with three or four red spots, of which the one before the 2. median is the largest. Female: forewing with at least two white spots, the one before the 2. median the largest; hindwing with seven or eight separated spots. Lower Amazon, from Para to Santarem; occurs in dry, sandy places in the forest, not in the swamps. — ''etias'' R.& J. Male: palpi sometimes almost without red scales; hindwing without a red spot before the 1. radial, or this spot very small. Female: spots on the forewing pure white, cellspot very small, two large white spots before and behind the 1. median. East Bolivia, found by J. Steinbach in December, January- and April–May. — ''orbignyanus'' Luc. (4 c). The red band on the hindwing of the male is uniformly curved and becomes gradually narrower anteriorly; the forewing has at least one large white spot. In the female a spot in the cell of the forewing and at least two on the disc; hindwing with a band from the subcostal to the hindmargin. Paraguay; northern part of Entre Rios; Matto Grosso; Goyaz. — —''foetterlei'' -R. & J. (4 c). White spots on the forewing of both sexes very large and the band on the hindwing very broad. In the interior of the province of Sao Paulo.<ref> Jordan, K., in Seitz, A. ( 1907) . ''The Macrolepidoptera of the World''. 5: The Macrolepidoptera of the American faunistic region. Papilionidae 1-45. {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Description from Rothschild and Jordan(1906)== A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)<ref>Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. ''Novitates Zoologicae'' 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) and [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/425/mode/1up online]</ref>

==Taxonomy==

''Parides anchises'' is a member of the ''anchises'' species group<ref>Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers {{ISBN|9783937783277}} </ref>

The members are *''Parides anchises'' *''Parides cutorina'' *''Parides erithalion'' *''Parides iphidamas'' *''Parides panares'' *''Parides phosphorus'' *''Parides vertumnus''

==References== {{Reflist}} *Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' {{ISBN|0-245-52097-X}} Page 25, figure 20

==Further reading== * {{cite book |last1= Lamas |first1= Gerardo |title= Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera; Checklist: Part4A Hesperioidea–Papilionoidea |year= 2004 |publisher= Scientific Publishers, Inc |location= Gainesville, Florida |isbn= 0-945417-28-4 |page=91}}

anchises Category:Butterflies of Central America Category:Swallowtail butterflies of South America Category:Lepidoptera of French Guiana Category:Butterflies described in 1758 Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus Category:Lepidoptera of Guyana Category:Lepidoptera of Colombia Category:Lepidoptera of Venezuela Category:Butterflies of Trinidad and Tobago Category:Lepidoptera of Bolivia Category:Lepidoptera of Brazil Category:Lepidoptera of Peru Category:Lepidoptera of Argentina Category:Lepidoptera of Panama

Parides anchises

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