Trypanocidal agent

A '''trypanocidal agent''' is an antiprotozoal agent that acts upon trypanosome parasites.<ref>{{MeshName|Trypanocidal+Agents}}</ref>

Examples include:<ref>{{MeshPharmaList|82014344}}</ref> * Aminoquinuride<ref>{{Cite journal | first = F. C. | last = GOBLE | title = Chemotherapy of experimental trypanosomiasis; trypanocidal activity of certain bis (2-methyl-4-amino-6-quinolyl) amides and ethers | journal = Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics | volume = 98 | issue = 1 | pages = 49–61 | date = January 1950 | pmid = 15403620}}</ref> * benzonidazole * blasticidin S * DAPI * diminazene * diminazene aceturate * eflornithine * ethidium * isometamidium chloride * lonidamine * melaminylthioarsenate * melarsoprol * nifurtimox * pentamidine * posaconazole * puromycin * quinapyramine * salicylhydroxamic acid * suramin * tetraphenylporphine sulfonate

==Resistance== {{as of|2008}}, 17<ref name="Delespaux-et-al-2008" /> or 18<ref name="Chitanga-et-al-2011" /> African countries had confirmed resistant parasite populations, and {{as of|2011|alt=as of 2011}} that was up to 21.<ref name="Chitanga-et-al-2011" /> Multiply resistant populations are an increasing problem in the Adamawa Region of Cameroon<ref name="Mamoudou-et-al-2008" /> and south east Mali.<ref name="Mungube-et-al-2012" /> The Gibe River Valley in southwest Ethiopia showed universal resistance (in ''T. congolense'' isolated from Boran cattle) between July 1989 and February 1993.<ref name="Mulugeta-et-al-1997" /> This likely indicates a permanent loss of function in this area for the tested trypanocides, diminazene aceturate, isometamidium chloride, and homidium chloride.<ref name="Mulugeta-et-al-1997" />

==See also== * Trypanosomiasis vaccine

==References== {{Reflist|refs= <ref name="Chitanga-et-al-2011"> {{cite journal | last1=Chitanga | first1=Simbarashe | last2=Marcotty | first2=Tanguy | last3=Namangala | first3=Boniface | last4=Van den Bossche | first4=Peter | last5=Van Den Abbeele | first5=Jan | last6=Delespaux | first6=Vincent | editor-last=Keiser | editor-first=Jennifer | title=High Prevalence of Drug Resistance in Animal Trypanosomes without a History of Drug Exposure | journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | publisher=Public Library of Science (PLoS) | volume=5 | issue=12 | date=2011-12-20 | issn=1935-2735 | doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0001454 | article-number=e1454 | pmid=22206039 | pmc=3243716 | doi-access=free }} </ref> <ref name="Delespaux-et-al-2008"> {{cite journal | last1=Delespaux | first1=Vincent | last2=Geysen | first2=Dirk | last3=Van den Bossche | first3=Peter | last4=Geerts | first4=Stanny | title=Molecular tools for the rapid detection of drug resistance in animal trypanosomes | journal=Trends in Parasitology | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=24 | issue=5 | year=2008 | issn=1471-4922 | doi=10.1016/j.pt.2008.02.006 | pages=236–242 | pmid=18420457 | hdl=2263/8861 | hdl-access=free }} </ref> <ref name="Mamoudou-et-al-2008"> {{cite journal | last1=Mamoudou | first1=A. | last2=Delespaux | first2=V. | last3=Chepnda | first3=V. | last4=Hachimou | first4=Z. | last5=Andrikaye | first5=J.P. | last6=Zoli | first6=A. | last7=Geerts | first7=S. | title=Assessment of the occurrence of trypanocidal drug resistance in trypanosomes of naturally infected cattle in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon using the standard mouse test and molecular tools | journal=Acta Tropica | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=106 | issue=2 | year=2008 | issn=0001-706X | doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.02.003 | pages=115–118 | pmid=18355771 }} </ref> <ref name="Mungube-et-al-2012"> {{cite journal | last1=Mungube | first1=Erick O | last2=Vitouley | first2=Hervé S | last3=Allegye-Cudjoe | first3=Emmanuel | last4=Diall | first4=Oumar | last5=Boucoum | first5=Zakaria | last6=Diarra | first6=Boucader | last7=Sanogo | first7=Yousouf | last8=Randolph | first8=Thomas | last9=Bauer | first9=Burkhard | last10=Zessin | first10=Karl-Hans | last11=Clausen | first11=Peter-Henning | title=Detection of multiple drug-resistant Trypanosoma congolense populations in village cattle of south-east Mali | journal=Parasites & Vectors | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=5 | issue=1 | year=2012 | issn=1756-3305

| doi=10.1186/1756-3305-5-155 | page=155 | pmid=22852796 | pmc=3432589 | doi-access=free }} </ref>

<ref name="Mulugeta-et-al-1997">{{cite journal | last1=Mulugeta | first1=Wubet | last2=Wilkes | first2=Jon | last3=Mulatu | first3=Woudyalew | last4=Majiwa | first4=Phelix A.O | last5=Masake | first5=Rachael | last6=Peregrine | first6=Andrew S | title=Long-term occurrence of ''Trypanosoma congolense'' resistant to diminazene, isometamidium and homidium in cattle at Ghibe, Ethiopia | journal=Acta Tropica | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=64 | issue=3–4 | year=1997 | issn=0001-706X | doi=10.1016/s0001-706x(96)00645-6 | pages=205–217 | s2cid=23878484 | pmid=9107367}}</ref>

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Category:Antiprotozoal agents