One-party state

{{Short description|State where only 1 party may form a government}} {{hatnote|For a political party that dominates the political system under a nominal liberal democratic system, see Dominant-party system. This article is about explicit one-party states. For telephone call recording laws and notification and requirements, see One-party consent states.}} {{Redirect|Party-state|the party-state political system in the Republic of China|Dang Guo}} {{update|date=January 2026}} {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}} {{party politics}}

A '''one-party state''', '''single-party state''', '''one-party system''' or '''single-party system''' is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Clark |first1=William Roberts |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2KFvJwi8_jwC&pg=PA611 |title=Principles of Comparative Politics |last2=Golder |first2=Matt |last3=Golder |first3=Sona Nadenichek |date=23 March 2012 |publisher=SAGE |isbn=9781608716791 |pages=611 |language=en}}</ref> In a one-party state, all opposition parties are either outlawed or have limited and controlled participation in elections. The expression "de facto one-party" is sometimes used to describe a dominant-party system that, unlike a one-party state, allows (at least nominally) multiparty elections, but the existing practices or balance of political power effectively prevent the opposition from winning power.<ref>{{Cite web |title=One-Party |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/one-party-states |access-date=2023-02-21 |website=Encyclopedia.com |archive-date=21 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221215552/https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/one-party-states |url-status=live }}</ref>

Membership in the ruling party tends to be relatively small compared to the population;<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Angiolillo |first=Fabio |date=2023-04-27 |title=Introducing the One-Party Membership Dataset: A dataset on party membership in autocracies |journal=Journal of Peace Research |volume=61 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=694–708 |doi=10.1177/00223433231155278 |issn=0022-3433|doi-access=free }}</ref> however, this is not a universal rule, as some one-party states, such as Zaire under Mobutu, made the entire citizenry members of the party. Rather, they give out private goods to fellow elites to ensure continued support. One-party, compared to dominant-party dictatorships, structure themselves unlike democracies. They also turn into multi-party democracies at a lower rate than dominant-party dictatorships.<ref name="Political Order and One-Party Rule">{{Cite journal |last1=Magaloni |first1=Beatriz |last2=Kricheli |first2=Ruth |date=2010-05-01 |title=Political Order and One-Party Rule |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=123–143 |doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.031908.220529 |issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free }}</ref> While one-party states prohibit opposition parties, some allow for independent candidates to stand for election in competition with party candidates. Therefore, they place elites and sympathetic candidates in key administrative races.<ref name="dx.doi.org">{{Cite journal |last1=Creak |first1=Simon |last2=Barney |first2=Keith |date=2018-08-10 |title=Conceptualising Party-State Governance and Rule in Laos |journal=Journal of Contemporary Asia |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=693–716 |doi=10.1080/00472336.2018.1494849 |s2cid=158403649 |issn=0047-2336|doi-access=free |s2cid-access=free }}</ref> For example, the Chinese Communist Party exercises political control by infiltrating village administrations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hassan |first1=Mai |last2=Mattingly |first2=Daniel |last3=Nugent |first3=Elizabeth R. |date=2022-05-12 |title=Political Control |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=155–174 |doi=10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-013321 |s2cid=241393914 |issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free |s2cid-access=free }}</ref> They view these positions as crucial for gathering information on the population and maintaining a presence in the far reaches of their borders.<ref name="The Single-Party Dictator's Dilemma 2011">{{Cite journal |author1-link=Edmund Malesky |last1=Malesky |first1=Edmund |last2=Schuler |first2=Paul |date=2011-10-26 |title=The Single-Party Dictator's Dilemma: Information in Elections without Opposition |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00025.x |journal=Legislative Studies Quarterly |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=491–530 |doi=10.1111/j.1939-9162.2011.00025.x |issn=0362-9805|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

One-party states recognize the trade-off between election victory and gathering valuable data. To account for this, the governments have been observed placing local nobility in easy-to-win races.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Frantz, Erica |title=Authoritarianism : what everyone needs to know |isbn=978-0-19-756964-1 |oclc=1202872902}}</ref> One-party states have also been observed using elections to ensure that only the most popular elites get chosen to office.<ref name="Elections Under Authoritarianism">{{Cite journal |last1=Gandhi |first1=Jennifer |last2=Lust-Okar |first2=Ellen |date=2009-06-01 |title=Elections Under Authoritarianism |journal=Annual Review of Political Science |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=403–422 |doi=10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.060106.095434 |issn=1094-2939|doi-access=free }}</ref> They also gather data from elections to indicate if a local official is performing poorly in the eyes of the residents.<ref name="Elections Under Authoritarianism" /> This gives locals the opportunity to monitor local officials and communicate satisfaction with the local government.<ref name="Elections Under Authoritarianism" /> Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions.<ref name="Political Order and One-Party Rule" /> In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites.<ref name="The Single-Party Dictator's Dilemma 2011" /> Data on one-party governments can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency.<ref name="dx.doi.org" />

==Official one-party states== The following countries are legally constituted as one-party states:

{|class="wikitable sortable" !Country !Head of party !Leader title !Party !Ideology !Date of establishment !Duration !Constitutional basis !Notes |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg}} China<ref>{{Citation |title=China |date=2023-01-26 |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/#government |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2023-02-05 |archive-date=17 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230217075558/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/china/#government |url-status=dead }}</ref> |100px|center Xi Jinping |General Secretary |{{CCP flag}} |Socialism with Chinese characteristics Marxism-Leninism |1 October 1949 |{{ayd|1949|10|01}} |Article 1 of the Constitution: "Leadership by the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Constitution of the People's Republic of China |url=https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/law%C2%A0%E2%80%8Bsregulations/201911/20/content_WS5ed8856ec6d0b3f0e9499913.html |access-date=2025-11-06 |website=english.www.gov.cn |archive-date=6 November 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251106202456/https://english.www.gov.cn/archive/law%C2%A0%E2%80%8Bsregulations/201911/20/content_WS5ed8856ec6d0b3f0e9499913.html |url-status=live }}</ref> |Eight minor non-oppositional parties, officially termed "democratic parties," have legal status as part of the "united front" system, but their leadership is determined by the Chinese Communist Party's United Front Work Department.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3136835/communist-party-not-chinas-only-political-party-there-are-eight|title=Communist Party is not China's only political party – there are eight others|newspaper=South China Morning Post|date=11 June 2021|access-date=18 September 2024|first=Eduardo|last=Baptista|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608004910/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3136835/communist-party-not-chinas-only-political-party-there-are-eight|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Cuba.svg}} Cuba<ref>{{Cite book |last=Roman |first=Peter |title=People's Power: Cuba's Experience with Representative Government |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2003 |isbn=0-7425-2564-3 |pages=}}</ref> |100px|center Miguel Díaz-Canel |First Secretary |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Cuba.svg}} Communist Party of Cuba |Marxism–Leninism Castroism Guevarism Left-wing nationalism |3 October 1965 |{{ayd|1961|04|16}} |Article 5 of the Constitution: "The Communist Party of Cuba, unique, Martiano, Fidelista, and Marxist-Leninist, the organized vanguard of the Cuban nation, sustained in its democratic character as well as its permanent linkage to the people, is the superior driving force of the society and the State." | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Eritrea.svg}} Eritrea<ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-07-17 |title=Eritreans hope for democracy after peace deal with Ethiopia |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44848184 |access-date=2023-02-05 |archive-date=7 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407051823/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44848184 |url-status=live }}</ref> |100px|center Isaias Afwerki |Chairperson |{{flagicon image|Flag of the EPLF.svg}} People's Front for Democracy and Justice |Eritrean nationalism Statism Left-wing nationalism |16 February 1994 |{{ayd|1994|02|16}} |The People's Front for Democracy and Justice is the only party in Eritrea. The 1997 Constitution has not been enforced.<ref>{{Citation|last=Human Rights Watch|title=Eritrea: Events of 2021|date=22 December 2021|url=https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2022/country-chapters/eritrea|language=en|access-date=4 February 2022}}</ref> | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Laos.svg}} Laos<ref>{{Cite web |title=Laos: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/laos/freedom-world/2020 |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Freedom House |language=en}}</ref> |100px|center Thongloun Sisoulith |General Secretary |{{flagicon image|Flag of LPRP.svg}} Lao People's Revolutionary Party |Kaysone Phomvihane Thought Marxism-Leninism |2 December 1975 |{{ayd|1975|12|02}} |Article 3 of the Constitution: "The rights of the multi-ethnic people to be the masters of the country are exercised and ensured through the functioning of the political system with the Lao People's Revolutionary Party as its leading nucleus." | |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of North Korea.svg}} North Korea<ref>{{Cite web |title=North Korea: Country Profile |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/north-korea |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Freedom House |date=18 August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=23 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123084332/https://freedomhouse.org/country/north-korea |url-status=live }}</ref> |100px|center Kim Jong Un |General Secretary |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Workers' Party of Korea.svg}} Workers' Party of Korea |Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism Juche Communism |9 September 1948 |{{ayd|1948|9|9}} |Article 11 of the Constitution: "The Democratic People's Republic of Korea shall conduct all activities under the leadership of the Workers' Party of Korea." |Two minor parties are legally recognised, but are under the control of the Workers' Party of Korea<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nknews.org/2014/11/being-a-minor-party-in-the-north/|title=Being a minor party in the North|first=Fyodor|last=Tertitskiy|author-link=Fyodor Tertitskiy|date=26 November 2014|access-date=18 September 2024|publisher=NK News|archive-date=8 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308133837/https://www.nknews.org/2014/11/being-a-minor-party-in-the-north/|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg}} Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic |100px|center Brahim Ghali |Secretary General |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg}} Polisario Front |Sahrawi nationalism Arab socialism |27 February 1976 |{{ayd|1976|02|27}} |Article 32 of the Constitution: "Until the complete recovery of national sovereignty, the Frente POLISARIO shall be the political framework that shall unite and mobilise politically the Sahrawis to express their aspirations and legitimate rights to self-determination and independence and to defend their national unity and complete the building of their independent Sahrawi State." |State with limited recognition, headquartered in Algeria |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Vietnam.svg}} Vietnam<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vietnam: Country Profile |url=https://freedomhouse.org/country/vietnam |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Freedom House |date=30 March 2022 |language=en |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627113347/https://freedomhouse.org/country/vietnam |url-status=live }}</ref> |100px|center Tô Lâm |General Secretary |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} Communist Party of Vietnam |Ho Chi Minh Thought Marxism-Leninism |2 September 1945{{NoteTag|Previously known as the Democratic Republic of Vietnam from 2 September 1945 to 25 April 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bartleby.com/essay/How-Did-The-Vietnam-War-Affect-The-PJ7JU393ERV|title=How Did the Vietnam War Affect the Economy – 551 Words | Bartleby|access-date=5 October 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007100155/https://www.bartleby.com/essay/How-Did-The-Vietnam-War-Affect-The-PJ7JU393ERV|url-status=live}}</ref> Reunified with the Republic of South Vietnam on 2 July 1976.<ref>{{Cite journal|url = https://www.jstor.org/stable/26937807|jstor = 26937807|last1 = Dror|first1 = Olga|title = Reviewed work: Vietnam: A Pathway from State Socialism, Thaveeporn Vasavakul|journal = Contemporary Southeast Asia|year = 2020|volume = 42|issue = 2|pages = 311–313|doi = 10.1355/cs42-2j|s2cid = 225324132|url-access = subscription|archive-date = 7 October 2024|access-date = 5 October 2024|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20241007095657/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26937807|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rosalux.de/en/publication/id/40931/ho-chi-minh-on-independence-and-freedom|title=Ho Chi Minh on Independence and Freedom - Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung|date=29 August 2019|access-date=5 October 2024|archive-date=7 October 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007095643/https://www.rosalux.de/en/publication/id/40931/ho-chi-minh-on-independence-and-freedom|url-status=live}}</ref>}} |{{ayd|1945|09|02}} |Article 4 of the Constitution: " Communist Party of Vietnam - the Vanguard of the working class, concurrently the vanguard of the labouring people and Vietnamese nation, faithfully representing the interests of the working class, labouring people and entire nation, and acting upon the Marxist-Leninist doctrine and Ho Chi Minh Thought, is the force leading the State and society." |Two minor parties, the Democratic Party of Vietnam and Socialist Party of Vietnam, had legal status within the Vietnam Fatherland Front until 1988. |}

==Former one-party states == {|class="wikitable sortable" !Country !Party !Ideology !Date of establishment !Date of dissolution !Duration !Continent |- |data-sort-value="Afghanistan 1977"|{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1974–1978).svg}} Republic of Afghanistan |National Revolutionary Party |Pashtun nationalism Pashtunization Republicanism Secularism |{{dts|format=dmy|1977|02|14}}<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X0CLyC39MEgC&pg=PA70 |title=Afghanistan: A Country Study |date=2001 |publisher=Claitor's Law Books and Publishing |isbn=978-1-57980-744-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/afghan1977.html|title=Afghanistan 1977|website=Princeton University|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406234448/https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/afghan1977.html|archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1978|04|28}} |{{ayd|1977|02|14|1978|04|28}} |Asia |- |{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1978-1980).svg}} Democratic Republic of Afghanistan |{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg}} People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Khalq |Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism Pashtun nationalism Anti-imperialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1978|04|30}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|12|24}} |{{ayd|1978|04|30|1979|12|24}} |Asia |- | data-sort-value="Afghanistan 1980" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Afghanistan (1980-1987).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag_of_Afghanistan_(1987–1992).svg}} Democratic Republic of Afghanistan/Republic of Afghanistan |{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan.svg}} People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan-Parcham (National Fatherland Front) |Communism (until 1990) Marxism–Leninism (until 1990) Afghan nationalism Anti-imperialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|12|24}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1992|07|28}} |{{ayd|1979|12|24|1992|07|28}} |Asia |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Albania 1939" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg}} Albanian Kingdom |{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1939–1943).svg}} Albanian Fascist Party |Albanian nationalism Greater Albania Fascism Italophilia Serbophobia Hellenophobia |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|06|02}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|07|27}} |{{ayd|1939|06|02|1943|07|27}} |Europe |- |Guard of Greater Albania |Albanian nationalism Fascism |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|07|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|09|08}} |{{ayd|1943|07|27|1943|09|08}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Albania 1943" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1943–1944).svg}} Albanian Kingdom |National Front |Albanian nationalism Greater Albania Anti-communism Republicanism Big tent Agrarian socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|09|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|11|29}} |{{ayd|1943|09|14|1943|11|29}} |Europe |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Albania1 1944" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1944-1946).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} Democratic Government of Albania |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Party of Labour of Albania.svg}} Party of Labour of Albania (National Liberation Movement) |rowspan="3"|Communism Marxism–Leninism Hoxhaism Anti-revisionism Albanian nationalism State atheism |{{dts|format=dmy|1944|10|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|08|05}} |{{ayd|1944|10|20|1945|08|05}} |Europe |- |rowspan="2"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Party of Labour of Albania.svg}} Party of Labour of Albania (Democratic Front) |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|08|05}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1946|01|11}} |{{ayd|1945|08|05|1946|01|11}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Albania3 1946"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg}} Albania |{{dts|format=dmy|1946|01|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|12|11}} |{{ayd|1946|01|11|1990|12|11}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Algeria 1962"|{{flag|Algeria}} |{{flagicon image|Variant flag of the GPRA (1958-1962).svg}} National Liberation Front |Arab socialism Algerian nationalism Pan-Arabism Anti-imperialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1962|7|3}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|2|23}} |{{ayd|1962|7|3|1989|2|23}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Angola 1975"|{{flagicon|Angola}} People's Republic of Angola |{{flagicon image|Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola |Communism Left-wing nationalism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|11|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1991|5|30}} |{{ayd|1975|11|11|1991|5|30}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Armenia 1920"|{{flagicon image|Flag of SSRA.svg}} Armenia |Communist Party of Armenia | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1920|12|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1920|12|2|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Armenia 1922"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg}} Transcaucasia |Communist Party of Armenia |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|3|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1922|3|12|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Austria 1934"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Austria.svg}} Federal State of Austria |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Fatherland Front of Austria.svg}} Fatherland Front |Clerical fascism |{{dts|format=dmy|1934|05|01}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1938|03|13}} |{{ayd|1934|05|01|1938|03|13}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Azerbaijan 1920"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1921).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Azerbaijan SSR (1921-1922).svg}} Azerbaijan |Azerbaijan Communist Party | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1920|4|30}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1920|4|30|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Azerbaijan 1922"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg}} Transcaucasia |Azerbaijan Communist Party |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|3|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1922|3|12|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Bangladesh 1975" |{{flag|Bangladesh}} |Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League |Mujibism Bengali nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|1|24}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|8|15}} |{{ayd|1975|1|24|1975|8|15}} |Asia |- |Jatiya Party |Bangladeshi nationalism Conservatism Authoritarianism Militarism |{{dts|format=dmy|1988|3|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|12|6}} |{{ayd|1988|3|11|1990|12|6}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Benin 1963"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Benin.svg}} Dahomey |Dahomeyan Democratic Party |African nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1963|12|15}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1965|12|4}} |{{ayd|1963|12|15|1965|12|4}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Benin 1975"|{{flagicon|Benin|1975}} Benin |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PRPB.svg}} People's Revolutionary Party of Benin |Communism Marxism–Leninism (nominally) |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|11|30}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|3|1}} |{{ayd|1975|11|30|1990|3|1}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Bohmen und Mahren 1939"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bohmen und Mahren.svg}} Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia | National Partnership |Collaborationism, Nazism |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|4|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|9}} |{{ayd|1939|4|6|1945|5|9}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Bulgaria 1946"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1946-1948).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1948-1967).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1967-1971).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Bulgaria (1971 – 1990).svg}} Bulgaria |{{Flagicon image|FlagBKP.svg}} Bulgarian Communist Party (Fatherland Front) |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1946|9|15}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|1|15}} |{{ayd|1946|9|15|1990|1|15}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="State of Burma1 1943"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma 1943.svg}} State of Burma |Dobama Sinyetha Asi Ayon<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last= |first= |date=2001 |title=British Documents on Foreign Affairs. Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print: Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan. Volume 7. October 1947-December 1948 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aTyk_neEmg0C |publisher=University Publications of America |page=45 |isbn=155655768X}}</ref> | |{{dts|format=dmy|1943}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1944}} |{{ayd|1943|1|1|1944|1|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="State of Burma2 1944"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Burma 1943.svg}} State of Burma |Maha Bama Asi Ayon<ref name=":0" /> | |{{dts|format=dmy|1944}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945}} |{{ayd|1944|1|1|1945|1|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Burma 1962"|{{flagicon|Burma|1974}} Burma |{{Flagicon image|Burma Socialist Programme Party flag.svg}} Burma Socialist Programme Party |Burmese Way to Socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1962|3|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1988|9|18}} |{{ayd|1962|3|2|1988|9|18}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Burundi 1974"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Burundi (1967–1982).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Burundi.svg}} Republic of Burundi |{{flagicon image|Flag of the UPRONA.svg}} Union for National Progress |Burundian nationalism Tutsi interests |{{dts|format=dmy|1974|07|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1992|03|13}} |{{ayd|1974|07|11|1992|03|13}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Byelorussia 1920"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Byelorussian SSR (1919-1927).svg}} Byelorussia |Communist Party of Byelorussia |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1920|7|31}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1920|7|31|1922|12|30}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Cambodia 1955"|{{flag|Cambodia}} (Sangkum era) |Sangkum |Khmer nationalism National conservatism Royalism Statism Buddhist socialism Economic nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1955|3|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1970|3|18}} |{{ayd|1955|3|22|1970|3|18}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Cambodia 1979"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the State of Cambodia.svg}} Kampuchea |Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party |Communism Socialism Marxism–Leninism Revisionism Left-wing nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|1|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|5|1}} |{{ayd|1979|1|7|1989|5|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Cameroon 1966"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Cameroon (1961-1975).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Cameroon.svg}} Republic of Cameroon |Cameroonian National Union |Big tent |{{dts|format=dmy|1966|09|01}}<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://journals.openedition.org/cea/533 |doi=10.4000/cea.533 |title=The Search for a Cameroonian Model of Democracy or the Search for the Domination of the State Party: 1966-2006 |date=2012 |last1=Mokam |first1=David |journal=Cadernos de Estudos Africanos |issue=23 |pages=85–108 |doi-access=free |archive-date=7 April 2023 |access-date=6 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407050015/https://journals.openedition.org/cea/533 |url-status=live }}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1985|03|24}} |{{ayd|1966|09|01|1985|03|24}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Cameroon 1975"|{{flag|Cameroon}} |Cameroon People's Democratic Movement |Big tent Nationalism Francophilia |1975 |1990 |{{ayd|1975|1|1|1990|1|1}} |Africa |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Cape Verde 1975" |{{flag|Cape Verde|1975}} |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PAIGC.svg}} African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|7|1}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1981|1|20}} |{{ayd|1975|7|1|1981|1|20}} |Africa |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PAICV.svg}} African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde |{{dts|format=dmy|1981|1|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|9|28}} |{{ayd|1981|1|20|1990|9|28}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Carpatho-Ukraine 1939"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ukraine (1917–1921).svg}} Carpatho-Ukraine |Ukrainian National Union<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vehesh |first1=M. M. |last2=Palinchak |first2=M. M. |last3=Marchuk |first3=V. V. |last4=Kontsur-Karabinovych |first4=N. M. |date=2020 |title=Carpathian Ukraine in the Central European political crisis on the eve of World War II (1938-1939): collective monograph |url=https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/30834/1/SENSE_Carpathian%20Ukraine.pdf |publisher=Liha-Pres |pages=21, 22, 24 |isbn=9789663972121|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110528/https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/30834/1/SENSE_Carpathian%20Ukraine.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 }}</ref> |Nationalism<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Токар |first1=М. |date=2004 |title=Становлення партійної монополії Українського Національного Обʼєднання |url=https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.pdf |journal=Науковий Вісник Ужгородського Університету. Серія: Історія |volume= |issue=11 |pages=105–112 |doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524111921/https://dspace.uzhnu.edu.ua/jspui/bitstream/lib/32865/1/%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%92%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%9D%D0%AF%20%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2%D0%86%D0%99%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%87%20%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%9E%D0%9F%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%86%D0%87.pdf |archive-date=24 May 2023 }}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|1|18}}<ref name=":1" /> |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|3|}} |{{ayd|1939|1|18|1939|3|19}} |Europe |- | rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Central African Republic 1962" |{{flag|Central African Republic}} |Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa |African nationalism Anti-colonialism Progressivism Anti-imperialism |1962 |1980 |{{ayd|1962|1|1|1980|1|1}} |Africa |- |Central African Democratic Union |African nationalism Republicanism |{{dts|format=dmy|1980|3|1}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1981|9|2}} |{{ayd|1980|3|1|1981|9|2}} |Africa |- |Central African Democratic Rally |African nationalism Democratic socialism Social democracy Republicanism |{{dts|format=dmy|1987|2|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1991|4|22}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/central-african-republic-unions-strike-democracy-1990-1993|title=Central African Republic Unions Strike for Democracy 1990-1993 | Global Nonviolent Action Database|website=nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu|access-date=6 May 2018|archive-date=26 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026222453/https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/central-african-republic-unions-strike-democracy-1990-1993|url-status=live}}</ref> |{{ayd|1987|2|6|1991|4|22}} |Africa |- | rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Chad 1962" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Chad.svg}} Chad |Chadian Progressive Party | rowspan="2" |African nationalism Pan-Africanism Anti-imperialism African socialism Federalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1962|4|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1973|4|6}} |{{ayd|1962|4|16|1973|4|6}} |Africa |- |National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution |{{dts|format=dmy|1973|4|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|4|13}} |{{ayd|1973|4|6|1975|4|13}} |Africa |- |National Union for Independence and Revolution |Nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1984|6|24}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|12|3}} |{{ayd|1984|6|24|1990|12|3}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="China 1927"|Guangzhou | rowspan="4" |Chinese Communist Party | rowspan="5" |Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Chinese communism |1927 |1927 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1927"|Hunan |1927 |1927 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1927"|Jinggang |1927 |1928 |{{ayd|1927|1|1|1928|1|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1930"|Southwest Jiangxi |1930 |1931 |{{ayd|1930|1|1|1931|1|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1930"|{{flagicon image|National Flag of Chinese Soviet Republic.svg}} Chinese Soviet Republic |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Chinese Communist Party (Pre-1996).svg}} Chinese Communist Party |{{dts|format=dmy|1931|11|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1937|9|22}} |{{ayd|1931|11|7|1937|9|22}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1935"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Anti-Imperialist Association.svg}} Xinjiang |People's Anti-Imperialist Association |Six Great Policies |{{dts|format=dmy|1935|8|1}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1942|4|1}} |{{ayd|1935|8|1|1942|4|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1935"|{{flag|Republic of China (1912-1949)|name=Republic of China}}{{NoteTag|The Republic of China controlled the mainland from 1912 to 1949 and the island of Taiwan since 1945, in which the ROC currently administers the Free area. This government served China in the United Nations from 1945 to 1971. See Political status of Taiwan and the One-China policy for various viewpoints.|name=Zhongguo}}/Taiwan |{{flagicon image|Naval Jack of the Republic of China.svg}} Kuomintang |Tridemism |{{DTS|format=dmy|1925|7|1}} |{{DTS|format=dmy|1991|05|01}} |{{ayd|1925|7|1|1987|7|15}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="China 1937"|Yan'an |Chinese Communist Party |Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Chinese communism |1937 |1949 |{{ayd|1937|1|1|1949|1|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Comoros 1982"|{{flag|Comoros|1978}} |Comorian Union for Progress |Nationalism |1982 |1990 |{{ayd|1982|1|1|1990|1|1}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Congo 1969"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg}}{{flagicon|Congo-Brazzaville|1970}} People's Republic of the Congo |Congolese Party of Labour |Communism, Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1969|1|31}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1992|3|18}} |{{ayd|1969|1|31|1992|3|18}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Costa Rica 1917"|{{flagicon image|State Flag of Costa Rica (1906-1964).svg}} Tinoquista Costa Rica |Peliquista Party |Nationalism Personalism Authoritarianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1917|1|27}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1919|8|12}} |{{ayd|1917|1|27|1919|8|12}} |North America |- | data-sort-value="Czechoslovakia 1948" |{{flagicon|Czechoslovak Socialist Republic}} Czechoslovakia |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the KSC.svg}} Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (National Front) |Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism Husakism |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|2|25}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|11|30}} |{{ayd|1948|2|25|1989|11|30}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Dahomey 1961"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Benin.svg}} Dahomey |Dahomeyan Unity Party |African nationalism Republicanism |{{dts|format=dmy|1961|4|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1963|11|13}} |{{ayd|1961|4|11|1963|11|13}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Danzig 1937"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Free City of Danzig.svg}} Danzig |{{flagicon image|Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg}} Nazi Party |Nazism |{{dts|format=dmy|1937|10|21}}<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23602316 | jstor=23602316 | title=Danzig | last1=Schneiderman | first1=Harry | journal=The American Jewish Year Book | date=1938 | volume=40 | pages=226–228 | archive-date=22 May 2023 | access-date=22 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522160814/https://www.jstor.org/stable/23602316 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hepburn |first=A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81vNCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 |title=Contested Cities in the Modern West |date=2004-04-07 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-53674-6 |language=en}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|9|1}} |{{ayd|1937|10|21|1939|9|1}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Djibouti 1977"|{{flag|Djibouti}} |People's Rally for Progress |Issa interests |{{dts|format=dmy|1981|10|1}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1992|9|4}} |{{ayd|1981|10|1|1992|9|4}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Dominican Republic 1931"|{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominican Republic |Dominican Party |Trujillism National conservatism Right-wing populism Antihaitianismo |{{dts|format=dmy|1931|8|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1961|12|28}} |{{ayd|1931|8|2|1961|12|28}} |North America |- |data-sort-value="East Germany 1949"|{{flagicon|East Germany|variant=1949}}{{flagicon|East Germany}} East Germany |{{Flagicon image|Flagge der SED.svg}} Socialist Unity Party of Germany (National Front) |Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism Stalinism |{{dts|format=dmy|1949|10|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|12|1}} |{{ayd|1949|10|7|1989|12|1}} |Europe |- |rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Egypt 1956"|{{flag|Egypt|1953}} |Liberation Rally |Egyptian nationalism Pan-Arabism Socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1953|2|10}} |1957 |{{ayd|1953|2|10|1957|2|10}} |Africa |- |National Union |Nasserism Pan-Arabism Socialism |1957 |1962 |{{ayd|1957|1|1|1962|1|1}} |Africa |- |Arab Socialist Union |Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism |1961 |1976 |{{ayd|1961|1|1|1976|1|1}} |Africa |- |rowspan="1" data-sort-value="El Salvador 1931"|{{flagicon|El Salvador}} El Salvador |{{Flagicon image|Propatria.png}} National Pro Patria Party |Fascism Anti-communism Conservatism Agrarian oligarchy |1933 |1944 |{{ayd|1933|1|1|1944|1|1}} |Central America |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Equatorial Guinea 1970" |{{flag|Equatorial Guinea}} |United National Workers' Party |African nationalism Personalism Anti-imperialism Anti-colonialism Anti-racism Pan-Africanism Anti-intellectualism Totalitarianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1970|7|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|8|25}} |{{ayd|1970|7|7|1979|8|25}} |Africa |- |Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea |African nationalism Militarism |{{dts|format=dmy|1987|10|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1991|11|16}} |{{ayd|1987|10|11|1991|11|16}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Eritrea 1991"|{{flag|Eritrea|1993}} |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the EPLF.svg}} Eritrean People's Liberation Front |Left-wing nationalism |1991 (Provisional government) 1993 (Recognized state) |{{dts|format=dmy|1994|2|16}} |{{ayd|1991|2|16|1994|2|16}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1918"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Commune of the Working People of Estonia.svg}} Estonia |Russian Communist Party (Central Committee of the Estonian Sections) |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1918|11|29}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1919|6|5}} |{{ayd|1918|11|29|1919|6|5}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Estonia 1935"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Estonia.svg}} Estonia |Patriotic League (National Front for the Implementation of the Constitution) |Estonian nationalism Personalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1935|3|9}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|7|21}} |{{ayd|1935|3|9|1940|7|21}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Estonia 1940"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Estonian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} Estonia |Communist Party of Estonia |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|7|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|8|9}} |{{ayd|1940|7|21|1940|8|9}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Ethiopia 1984"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1975–1987) (02).svg}} Ethiopia |Commission for Organizing the Party of the Working People of Ethiopia | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1984|9|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1987|2|22}} |{{ayd|1984|9|12|1987|2|22}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Ethiopia 1987"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ethiopia (1987–1991).svg}} Ethiopia |{{Flagicon image|Workers' Party of Ethiopia flag (variant).png}} Workers' Party of Ethiopia |{{dts|format=dmy|1987|2|22}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1991|4|28}} |{{ayd|1987|2|22|1991|4|28}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Gabon 1968"|{{flag|Gabon}} |Gabonese Democratic Party |Conservatism |{{dts|format=dmy|1968|3|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|5|22}} |{{ayd|1968|3|12|1990|5|22}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Georgia 1921"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Georgian SSR (1921-1922).svg}} Georgia | rowspan="2" |Communist Party of Georgia | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1921|2|25}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1921|2|25|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Georgia 1922"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Transcaucasian SFSR (variant).svg}} Transcaucasia |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|3|12}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1922|3|12|1922|12|30}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="German Reich 1933"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Nazi Germany |{{flagicon image|Flag of the NSDAP (1920–1945).svg}} National Socialist German Workers' Party |Nazism |{{dts|format=dmy|1933|7|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|23}} |{{ayd|1933|7|14|1945|5|23}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="German Reich 1941"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the German Reich (1935–1945).svg}} Reich Commissariat for the Occupied Dutch Territories |{{flagicon image|Flag of National Socialist Movement.svg}} National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands |Collaborationism, Dutch irredentism, Dutch nationalism and Nazism |{{dts|format=dmy|1941|12|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|6}} |{{ayd|1941|12|14|1945|5|6}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Ghana 1964"|{{flag|Ghana|1964}} |Convention People's Party |Nkrumaism African socialism African nationalism Pan-Africanism |{{dts|format=dmy|1964|01|31}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1966|02|24}} |{{ayd|1964|01|31|1966|02|24}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Grenada 1979"|{{flagicon|Grenada}} Grenada |New Jewel Movement |Communism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|3|13}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1983|10|25}} |{{ayd|1979|3|13|1983|10|25}} |North America |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Guatemala 1931" |{{flagicon|Guatemala}} Guatemala |Progressive Liberal Party |Ubicoism Liberalism Nationalism Anti-communism |1931 |1944 | |Central America |- |{{flagicon image|MLN Logo.svg}}National Liberation Movement |Neo-fascism Ultraconservatism Anti-communism |1954 |1958 | |Central America |- |data-sort-value="Guinea 1958"|{{flag|Guinea}} |Democratic Party of Guinea – African Democratic Rally |African nationalism African socialism Pan-Africanism |1960 |1984 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Guinea-Bissau 1974"|{{flag|Guinea-Bissau}} |African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde |Communism Marxism–Leninism |1974 |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Haiti 1957"|{{flagicon|Haiti|1964}} Haiti |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Haiti (1964–1986, civil).svg}} National Unity Party |Black nationalism Haitian nationalism Right-wing populism Anti-communism Anti-Americanism |{{dts|format=dmy|1957|6|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1985|7|22}} |{{ayd|1957|6|14|1985|7|22}} |North America |- |data-sort-value="Hawaii, Kingdom of Hawaiʻi 1894"|{{flagdeco|Hawaii}} Hawaii |Reform Party |Americanisation Annexationism |{{dts|format=dmy|1894|7|4}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1898|8|12}} |{{ayd|1894|7|4|1898|8|12}} |North America |- |data-sort-value="Hungary 1944"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} Government of National Unity |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Arrow Cross Party 1942 to 1945.svg}} Arrow Cross Party |Magyarism Fascism Collaborationism Agrarianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1944|10|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|7}} |{{ayd|1944|10|16|1945|5|7}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Hungary 1949"|{{flagd|HPR|1949}}{{flagd|HPR|rev}}{{flagd|HPR|1956}} Hungary |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Hungarian Working People's Party.svg}} Hungarian Working People's Party |Communism Marxism–Leninism Stalinism |{{dts|format=dmy|1949|8|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1956|10|31}} |{{ayd|1949|8|20|1956|10|31}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Hungary 1956"|{{flagd|HPR|rev}}{{flagd|HPR|1956}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary.svg}} Hungary |Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party |Communism Marxism–Leninism Kádárism |{{dts|format=dmy|1956|11|4}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|10|16}} |{{ayd|1956|10|31|1989|10|16}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Indonesia 1945"|{{flag|Indonesia}} |Indonesian National Party |Nationalism Marhaenism |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|8|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|11|3}} |{{ayd|1945|8|17|1945|11|3}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Iran 1975"|{{flagicon|Iran|1964}} Imperial State of Iran |Rastakhiz Party |Monarchism Populism Secularism Democratic centralism Third Position |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|3|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1978|11|1}} |{{ayd|1975|3|2|1978|11|1}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Iraq 1964"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1959–1963).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}} Iraq |Iraqi Arab Socialist Union |Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism |{{dts|format=dmy|1964|7|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1968|7|17}} |{{ayd|1964|7|14|1968|7|17}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Iraq 1968"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1963-1991).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Iraq (1991–2004).svg}} Iraq |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party |Saddamist Ba'athism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Militarism |{{dts|format=dmy|1968|7|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2003|4|9}} |{{ayd|1968|7|17|2003|4|9}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Italy 1928"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy (1861-1946).svg}} Fascist Italy |{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF) variant 2.svg}} National Fascist Party |Fascism Corporatism Ultranationalism Totalitarianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1928|5|17}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Delzell |first=Charles Floyd |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e7qwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70 |title=Mediterranean Fascism 1919–1945 |date=1971-06-18 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-00240-5 |language=en}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|7|27}} |{{ayd|1928|5|17|1943|7|27}} |Europe/Africa |- |data-sort-value="Italy 1943"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Italy.svg}} Italian Social Republic |{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Fascist Party (PNF) variant 2.svg}} Republican Fascist Party |Fascism Corporatism Ultranationalism Totalitarianism Antisemitism Collaborationism |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|9|13}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|2|14}} |{{ayd|1943|9|13|1945|2|14}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Ivory Coast 1960"|{{flag|Ivory Coast}} |Democratic Party of Ivory Coast – African Democratic Rally |African nationalism Conservatism Populism Houphouëtism Pan-Africanism |1960 |1990 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Japan 1940"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} Empire of Japan |Imperial Rule Assistance Association |Shōwa statism Militarism |1940 |1945 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Japan 1942"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Japan (1870–1999).svg}} Philippine Executive Commission |{{flagicon image|Flag of Kalibapi.svg}} Association for Service to the New Philippines |Filipino nationalism National conservatism Fascism Japanophilia Collaborationism |{{dts|format=dmy|1942|12|8}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|10|14}} |{{ayd|1942|12|8|1943|10|14}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Kampuchea 1975"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Democratic Kampuchea.svg}} Kampuchea |{{Flagicon image|Banner of the Communist Party of Kampuchea.svg}} Communist Party of Kampuchea |Communism Marxism–Leninism Agrarianism Autarky Khmer nationalism Ultranationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|4|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|1|07}} |{{ayd|1975|4|17|1978|1|7}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Kenya 1982"|{{flag|Kenya}} |Kenya African National Union |Kenyan nationalism Conservatism |1969 (''de facto'') 1982 (''de jure'') |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="South Korea 1951"|{{flag|First Republic of Korea}} |Liberal Party |Ilminism Conservatism Korean nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1951|12|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1960|4|19}} |{{ayd|1951|12|17|1960|4|19}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="South Korea 1963"|{{flag|Third Republic of Korea}} |Democratic Republican Party |Korean nationalism Conservatism Corporatism |{{dts|format=dmy|1963|2|2}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1979|12|12}} |{{ayd|1963|2|2|1979|12|12}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="South Korea 1981"|{{flag|Fifth Republic of Korea}} |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Justice Party (1987-1990).svg}}Democratic Justice Party |Conservatism Authoritarianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1981|1|15}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1987|12|16}} |{{ayd|1981|1|15|1987|12|16}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Independent State of Croatia 1941" |{{flagicon image|Flag of Independent State of Croatia.svg}} Independent State of Croatia |Ustaša – Croatian Revolutionary Movement |Croatian irredentism Croatian ultranationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Clerical fascism Fascist corporatism Political Catholicism Anti-communism |{{dts|format=dmy|1941|4|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|08}} |{{ayd|1941|4|10|1945|5|8}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Latvia 1918"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Latvian SSR (1918-1920).svg}} Latvia | rowspan="2" |Communist Party of Latvia | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1918|12|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1920|1|13}} |{{ayd|1918|12|17|1920|1|13}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Latvia 1940"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Latvian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} Latvia |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|07|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|08|05}} |{{ayd|1940|07|21|1940|08|05}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Liberia"|{{flagicon|Liberia}} Liberia |True Whig Party |Black conservatism Centralization Protectionism Whiggism (until 1940s) |{{dts|format=dmy|1878}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1980|4}} | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Libya 1971"|{{flagicon|Libya|1969}} Libya |Arab Socialist Union |Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism Nasserism |{{dts|format=dmy|1971|6|11}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1977|3|3}} |{{ayd|1971|6|11|1977|3|3}} |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Lithuania 1919"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Lithuanian-Byelorussian SSR.svg}} Lithuania–Byelorussia |Communist Party of Lithuania and Byelorussia |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1919|02|17}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1919|07|17}} |{{ayd|1919|02|17|1919|07|17}} |Europe |- | data-sort-value="Lithuania 1927" |{{flagicon|Lithuania|1939}} Lithuania |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Lithuanian National Union.svg}} Lithuanian Nationalist Union |Lithuanian nationalism National conservatism Social conservatism Fascist corporatism Anti-communism |1926<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cris.mruni.eu/server/api/core/bitstreams/28fde780-25ce-44fa-bbba-7887e33ada25/content|title=Ivanauskaitė-Pettinari, Kristina. POLITINIŲ PARTIJŲ TEISINIO STATUSO RAIDA LIETUVOJE 1918–1940 M. Doctoral dissertation. p. 1937|access-date=10 November 2023|archive-date=10 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110111958/https://cris.mruni.eu/server/api/core/bitstreams/28fde780-25ce-44fa-bbba-7887e33ada25/content|url-status=live}}</ref> |1940 |14 years |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Lithuania 1940"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Lithuanian SSR (1940-1953).svg}} Lithuania |Communist Party of Lithuania |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|7|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|8|3}} |{{ayd|1940|7|21|1940|8|3}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Madagascar 1976"|{{flagicon|Madagascar}} Democratic Republic of Madagascar |National Front for the Defense of the Revolution |Left-wing nationalism Scientific socialism |1976 |1989 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Malawi 1964"|{{flag|Malawi}} |Malawi Congress Party |Ubuntu Conservatism African nationalism Anti-colonialism |1964 |1993 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Mali 1960"|{{Flagicon image|Flag of Mali (1959–1961).svg}}{{flag|Mali}} |Sudanese Union – African Democratic Rally |African nationalism Pan-Africanism African socialism |1960 |1968 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Mali 1976"|{{flag|Mali}} |Democratic Union of the Malian People |African socialism Democratic centralism |1976 |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Manchukuo 1932"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Manchukuo.svg}} Manchukuo |{{flagicon image|Flag of Concordia Association.svg}} Concordia Association |Fascism Monarchism Manchurian nationalism Pan-Asianism |{{dts|format=dmy|1932|04|01}}<ref name="Concordia Association2">{{Cite book |last=MacKinnon |first=Stephen R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zeSeAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA136 |title=China at War: Regions of China, 1937-45 |date=2007 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-5509-2 |language=en}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|05|01}}<ref name="Concordia Association2" /> |{{ayd|1932|04|01|1945|05|01}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Mauritania 1961"|{{flag|Mauritania|1959}} |Mauritanian People's Party |Nationalism Centralism Islamic socialism |1961 |1978 | |Africa |- |{{Flag|Mexico}} |Institutional Revolutionary Party |Revolutionary nationalism Big tent |{{DTS|format=dmy|1929|3|4}} |{{DTS|format=dmy|2000|7|2}} |{{ayd|1929|3|4|2000|7|2}} |North America |- |data-sort-value="Mongolia 1921"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1924-1930).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1930-1940).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1945).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1940-1992).svg}} Mongolia |Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party |Communism Marxism–Leninism |1921 |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|7|29}} | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Mozambique 1975"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1974-1975).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1975-1983).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique (1983).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Mozambique.svg}} Mozambique |{{Flagicon image|Flag of FRELIMO (until 2004).svg}} FRELIMO |Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1975|06|25}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|12|01}} |{{ayd|1975|06|25|1990|12|01}} |Africa |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Niger 1960" |{{flag|Niger}} |Nigerien Progressive Party – African Democratic Rally |African nationalism Pan-Africanism |1960 |1974 | |Africa |- |National Movement for the Development of Society |Conservatism |1989 |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="North Vietnam 1945"|{{flag|North Vietnam|1945|name=Vietnam}} (partially) |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Communist Party of Vietnam.svg}} Workers' Party of North Vietnam (League for the Independence of Vietnam) | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Ho Chi Minh Thought |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|9|2}} |1946{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="North Vietnam 1955"|{{flag|North Vietnam}} |Workers' Party of North Vietnam (Vietnamese Fatherland Front) |1955 |{{dts|format=dmy|1976|7|2}} | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="North Yemen 1982"|{{flag|North Yemen}} |{{Flagicon image|General People's Congress flag.svg}} General People's Congress |Yemeni nationalism Arab nationalism Pan-Arabism Big tent |1982 |1988 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Norway 1940"|{{flagicon|Norway}} National Government |{{flagicon image|Flag of Nasjonal Samling.svg}} National Rally |Fascism Nazism Fascist corporatism Anti-communism Collaborationism |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|9|25}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|5|8}} |{{ayd|1940|9|25|1945|5|8}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Ottoman Empire 1918"|{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} |Union and Progress Party<ref>{{cite book|last=Bozarslan|first=Hamit|title=End of the Ottomans - The Genocide of 1915 and the Politics of Turkish Nationalism|year=2019|publisher=I. B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-7867-3604-8|page=330|language=en|chapter=Afterword: Talaat’s Empire: A Backward Country, but a State Well Ahead of Its Time}}</ref> |İttihadism |{{DTS|format=dmy|1913|June|11}} |1918 | |Asia/Europe |- |data-sort-value="Paraguay 1947"|{{flagicon|Paraguay}} Paraguay |{{Flagicon image|Bandera Partido Colorado de Paraguay.svg}} Colorado Party |Conservatism National conservatism |1947 |1962 | |South America |- |data-sort-value="Persia 1920"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Persian Socialist Soviet Republic.svg}} Persia |Communist Party of Persia |Communism Marxism–Leninism |1920 |1921 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Philippines 1943"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Philippines (1943-1945).svg}} Republic of the Philippines |{{flagicon image|Flag of Kalibapi.svg}} Association for Service to the New Philippines |Filipino nationalism, National conservatism, Fascism, Japanophilia, collaborationism |{{dts|format=dmy|1943|10|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|08|17}} |{{ayd|1943|10|14|1945|08|17}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Poland 1947"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland (1928-1980).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland (with coat of arms, 1980-1990).svg}} Poland |{{Flagicon image|Polish United Workers' Party flag.svg}} Polish United Workers' Party (Front of National Unity) | rowspan="2" |Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1947|02|05}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1982|07|20}} |{{ayd|1947|02|05|1982|07|20}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Poland 1982"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Poland (with coat of arms, 1980-1990).svg}} Poland |{{Flagicon image|Polish United Workers' Party flag.svg}} Polish United Workers' Party (Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth) |{{dts|format=dmy|1982|07|20}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|04|07}} |{{ayd|1982|07|20|1989|04|07}} |Europe |- | rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Portugal 1930" |{{flagicon|Portugal}} Portugal | rowspan="2" |{{flagicon image|União Nacional Flag.svg}} National Union | rowspan="2" |Salazarism Corporatism Integralismo Lusitano |{{dts|format=dmy|1930|07|30}}<ref name="National Union (Portugal)2">{{Cite web|url=http://portugal-info.net/history/second-republic.htm|title=Portugal > History and Events > Date Table > Second Republic|website=portugal-info.net|access-date=5 May 2018|archive-date=20 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020212227/https://portugal-info.net/history/second-republic.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|10|08}}<ref name="National Union (Portugal)2"/> |{{ayd|1930|07|30|1945|10|08}} |Europe |- |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|1|31}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raby |first=D. L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2sZRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA29 |title=Fascism and Resistance in Portugal: Communists, Liberals and Military Dissidents in the Opposition to Salazar, 1941-1974 |date=1988 |publisher=Manchester University Press |isbn=978-0-7190-2514-3 |language=en}}</ref> |{{dts|format=dmy|1969|9|}}{{NoteTag|Following the appointment of Marcelo Caetano as Prime Minister in 1968, the opposition was allowed to run to the 1969 Portuguese legislative election, before being banned.}} | |Europe |- |{{flagicon image|União Nacional Flag.svg}} People's National Action (formerly National Union) |Corporatism Integralismo Lusitano |{{dts|format=dmy|1970}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1974|4|25}} | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Romania 1938"|{{flagicon|Romania}} Romania |{{flagicon image|Flag of the National Renaissance Front.svg}} National Renaissance Front |Big tent Romanian nationalism Monarchism |{{dts|format=dmy|1938|12|16}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|9|6}} |{{ayd|1938|12|16|1940|9|6}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Romania 1940"|{{flagicon|Romania}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Legionary Movement.png}} National Legionary State |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Iron Guard (Legion of the Archangel Michael or Legionary Movement).svg}} Iron Guard |Legionarism Clerical fascism Christian nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1940|9|6}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1941|1|23}} |{{ayd|1940|9|6|1941|1|23}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Romania 1948"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg}} Romania |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PCR.svg}} Romanian Communist Party (People's Democratic Front) |Communism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1948|2|5}} |1968 | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Romania 1968"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg}} Romania |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PCR.svg}} Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity) | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism National Communism |1968 |1980 | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Romania 1980"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1948-1952).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1952-1965).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg}} Romania |{{Flagicon image|Flag of PCR.svg}} Romanian Communist Party (Front of Socialist Unity and Democracy) |1980 |{{dts|format=dmy|1989|12|29}} | |Europe |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Rwanda 1965" |{{flag|Rwanda|1962}} |Parmehutu |Hutu Power |1965 |1973 | |Africa |- |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).svg}} National Revolutionary Movement for Development |Hutu Power Ultranationalism Social conservatism Anti-communism |1978 |1991 | |Africa |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="San Marino 1926" |{{flagicon|San Marino}} San Marino |Sammarinese Fascist Party |Italian fascism Corporatism |1926 |1943 | |Europe |- |Republican Fascist Party of San Marino |Italian fascism |1943 |1944 | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Senegal 1966"|{{flag|Senegal}} |Socialist Party of Senegal |African nationalism African socialism |1966 |1974 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Seychelles 1977"|{{flag|Seychelles|1977}} |Seychelles People's Progressive Front |Communism Marxism-Leninism |1979 |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Sierra Leone 1978"|{{flag|Sierra Leone}} |All People's Congress |African nationalism Democratic socialism |1978 |1991 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Slovakia 1939"|{{flagicon image|Flag of First Slovak Republic 1939-1945.svg}} Slovak Republic |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Hlinka party (1938–1945) variant 2.svg}} Hlinka's Slovak People's Party – Party of Slovak National Unity |Clerical fascism Slovak nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|03|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|05|08}} |{{ayd|1939|03|14|1945|05|08}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Somalia 1976"|{{flagicon|Somalia}} Somalia |Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party |Islamic socialism Marxism–Leninism Pan-Somalism Scientific socialism Somali nationalism |{{dts|format=dmy|1976|7}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1991|1|26}} | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="South Yemen 1967"|{{flag|South Yemen|name=People's Republic of Southern Yemen}} |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Occupied Arabian Gulf.svg}} National Liberation Front, {{Flagicon image|Flag of the Yemeni Socialist Party (bigger star version).svg}} Yemeni Socialist Party |Arab nationalism Arab socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1967|11|30}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|31}} |{{ayd|1967|11|30|1978|10|31}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="South Yemen 1978"|{{flag|South Yemen|name=People's Democratic Republic of Yemen}} | rowspan="2" |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Yemeni Socialist Party (bigger star version).svg}} Yemeni Socialist Party | rowspan="2" |Communism Marxism–Leninism |{{dts|format=dmy|1978|10|31}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|5|22}} |{{ayd|1978|10|31|1990|5|22}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="South Yemen 1994"|{{flagicon image|Flag of South Yemen.svg}} Democratic Republic of Yemen |{{dts|format=dmy|1994|5|21}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1994|7|7}} |{{ayd|1994|5|21|1994|7|7}} |Asia |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1918" |{{flagicon image|Flag the Russian SFSR (1918).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Russian SFSR (1918-1920).svg}} Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |Russian Communist Party | rowspan="5" |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1918|3|8}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2" /> |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1918|3|8|1922|12|30}} |Europe/Asia |- |Russian Social Democratic Labour Party |{{dts|format=dmy|1918|1|19}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1918|3|8}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2">{{Cite book |last=Henderson |first=Jane |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gBncBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA1 |title=The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis |date=2011-05-04 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-84731-648-6 |language=en}}</ref> |{{ayd|1918|1|19|1918|3|8}} |Europe/Asia |- |data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1922"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1923).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924-1936).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |Russian Communist Party |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1925|12|31}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2" /> |{{ayd|1922|12|30|1925|12|31}} |Europe/Asia |- |data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1925"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1924-1936).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |All-Union Communist Party |{{dts|format=dmy|1925|12|31}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2" /> |{{dts|format=dmy|1952|10|13}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2" /> |{{ayd|1925|12|31|1952|10|13}} |Europe/Asia |- |data-sort-value="Soviet Union 1952"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1936-1955).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union (1955-1980).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Soviet Union.svg}} Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |Communist Party of the Soviet Union |{{dts|format=dmy|1952|10|13}}<ref name="The Constitution of the Russian Federation: A Contextual Analysis By Jane Henderson2" /> |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|10|9}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kumar |first=Kundan |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8mN6O0Hc-LYC&pg=PA222 |title=Ideology And Political System |date=2003 |publisher=Discovery Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7141-638-7 |language=en}}</ref> |{{ayd|1952|10|13|1990|10|9}} |Europe/Asia |- |data-sort-value="Spain 1924"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1785-1873 and 1875-1931).svg}} Kingdom of Spain |Patriotic Union |Spanish nationalism Political Catholicism Monarchism Conservatism |1924 |1930 | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Spain 1939"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Spain (1945–1977).svg}} Spanish State |{{flagicon image|Bandera FE JONS.svg}} FET y de las JONS |Francoism Falangism Spanish nationalism traditionalism National Catholicism anti-liberalism Corporatism |{{dts|format=dmy|1939|4|1}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1976|7|6}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1976-11502|title=BOE-A-1976-11502 Ley 21/1976, de 14 de junio, sobre el Derecho de Asociación Política.|website=www.boe.es|access-date=1 September 2023|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128105109/https://boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1976-11502|url-status=live}}</ref> |{{ayd|1939|4|1|1976|7|6}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Sudan 1971"|{{flagicon|Sudan}} Democratic Republic of the Sudan |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Sudanese Socialist Union.svg}} Sudanese Socialist Union |Arab nationalism Arab socialism Anti-communism |1971 |1985 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Sudan 1989"|{{flag|Sudan}} |National Congress Party |Islamism Arab nationalism Salafism Social conservatism |1989 |2005 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Syria 1953"|{{flagdeco|Syria|1932}} Syrian Republic |Arab Liberation Movement |Syrian nationalism Modernization Pro-Western |1953 |1954 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Syria 1963"|{{flagdeco|Syria|1980}} Syrian Arab Republic |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Ba'ath Party.svg}} Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (National Progressive Front) |Neo-Ba'athism Pan-Arabism Arab nationalism Arab socialism Militarism |{{dts|format=dmy|1963|3|8}} |{{dts|format=dmy|2012|2|27}}<ref>{{cite web|date=28 February 2012|title=Presidential Decree on Syria's New Constitution|url=http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2012/02/28/403103.htm|access-date=14 March 2012|publisher=Syrian Arab News Agency|archive-date=29 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229225906/http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2012/02/28/403103.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Chulov, Martin|date=27 February 2012|title=Syrian regime rockets bombard Homs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/27/syrian-rockets-bombard-homs|access-date=14 March 2012|work=The Guardian|publisher=Guardian News and Media|archive-date=18 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118084410/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/27/syrian-rockets-bombard-homs|url-status=live}}</ref> {{dts|format=dmy|2024|12|8}} (''de-facto'') {{NoteTag|While the 2012 constitution introduced by Bashar al-Assad theoretically enabled the establishment of political parties, Ba'athist Syria remained a de-facto one-party state with an extensive secret police apparatus that curtailed independent political activities.}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lucas |first=Scott |date=25 February 2021 |title=How Assad Regime Tightened Syria's One-Party Rule |work=EA Worldview |url=https://eaworldview.com/2021/02/how-assad-regime-tightened-syrias-one-party-rule/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225110507/https://eaworldview.com/2021/02/how-assad-regime-tightened-syrias-one-party-rule/ |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref> |{{ayd|1963|3|8|2012|2|27}} {{ayd|1963|3|8|2024|12|8}} (''de-facto'') |Asia |- |data-sort-value="São Tomé and Príncipe 1975"|{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} |Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe – Social Democratic Party |Communism Marxism–Leninism |1975 |1990 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Tanganyika 1961"|{{flagcountry|Tanganyika (1961–1964)}} |{{Flagicon image|Flag of TANU.svg}} Tanganyika African National Union |African nationalism African socialism Ujamaa |1961 |1977 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Tanzania 1977"|{{flag|Tanzania}} |Chama Cha Mapinduzi |Ujamaa African socialism |1977 |1992 | |Africa |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Togo 1962" |{{flag|Togo}} |Party of Togolese Unity |African nationalism |1962 |1963 | |Africa |- |Rally of the Togolese People |African nationalism Right-wing populism |1969 |1991 | |Africa |- | rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Tunisia 1963" |{{flag|Tunisia|1959}} |Neo Destour |Tunisian nationalism Bourguibism Arab nationalism Secularism |1963 |1964 | |Africa |- |Socialist Destourian Party |Tunisian nationalism Secularism Bourguibism |1964 |1981 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Turkey 1923"|{{flag|Turkey}} (one-party period) |{{flagicon image|Flag of the Republican People's Party (Turkey).svg}} Republican People's Party |Kemalism |1923 |1945 | |Asia/Europe |- |data-sort-value="Turkmenistan 1992"|{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |Democratic Party of Turkmenistan |Turkmen nationalism Secularism Social conservatism Catch-all party |1992 |2008 | |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Tuva 1921"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvinian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of Tannu Tuva (1921-1926).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1926-1930).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1930-1933).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1933-1939).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1941-1943).svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvan People's Republic (1943-1944).svg}} Tuva |{{Flagicon image|Flag of the Tuvinian Peoples Revolutionary Party.svg}} Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1921|08|14}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1944|10|11}} |{{ayd|1921|08|14|1944|10|11}} |Asia |- |data-sort-value="Uganda 1969"|{{flag|Uganda}} |{{Flagicon image|Flag of Uganda People's Congress.svg}} Uganda People's Congress |Social democracy African nationalism Pan-Africanism |1969 |1971 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Ukraine 1919"|{{flagicon image|Flag of Ukrainian SSR (1919-1929).svg}} Ukraine |Communist Party of Ukraine |Communism Marxism–Leninism Democratic centralism State socialism |{{dts|format=dmy|1919|3|10}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1922|12|30}} |{{ayd|1919|3|10|1922|12|30}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="United Arab Republic 1958"|{{flag|United Arab Republic}} |National Union |Arab nationalism Arab socialism Pan-Arabism |1958 |1961 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Upper Volta 1960"|{{flagicon|Upper Volta}} Upper Volta |Voltaic Democratic Union-African Democratic Rally |African nationalism Pan-Africanism |1960 |1966 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Yugoslavia 1929"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.svg}} Yugoslavia |Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy |Royalism Yugoslav nationalism Agrarianism Centralism Anti-liberalism |1929 |1931 | |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Yugoslavia 1945"|{{flagicon image|Flag of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia.svg}}{{flagicon image|Flag of SFR Yugoslavia.svg}} Yugoslavia |{{Flagicon image|League of Communists of Yugoslavia Flag.svg}} League of Communists of Yugoslavia (Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia) |Marxism–Leninism Titoism Yugoslavism |{{dts|format=dmy|1945|11|29}} |{{dts|format=dmy|1990|1|22}} |{{ayd|1945|11|29|1990|1|22}} |Europe |- |data-sort-value="Zaire 1970"|{{flagicon|Zaire}} Zaire |Popular Movement of the Revolution |Mobutism Zairean nationalism Authenticité |1970 |1990 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Zambia 1972"|{{flag|Zambia|1964}} |{{Flagicon image|Unip Zambia Flag.png}} United National Independence Party |African socialism African nationalism |1972 |1990 | |Africa |- |data-sort-value="Zanzibar 1964"|{{flag|Zanzibar}} |{{flagicon image|Flag of Afro-Shirazi party.svg}} Afro-Shirazi Party |African nationalism Marxism–Leninism |1964 |1977 | |Africa |}

==Notes== {{NoteFoot}}

==References== {{Reflist}}{{Authoritarian types of rule}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Politics}}

Category:Authoritarianism Category:One-party states Category:Political party systems Category:Unitary state