Carangidae

{{Update|reason=CoF has already splitted Scomberoidinae and Trachinotinae into Trachinotidae|date=May 2026}} {{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Paleocene|recent}} | image = Gfp-crevalle-jack.jpg | image_caption = Crevalle jack, ''Caranx hippos'' | taxon = Carangidae | authority = Rafinesque, 1815 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = See text }}

The '''Carangidae''' are a family of ray-finned fish that includes the jacks, pompanos, jack mackerels, runners, trevallies, and scads. It is the largest of the six families included within the order Carangiformes. Some authorities classify it as the only family within that order but molecular and anatomical studies indicate that there is a close relationship between this family and the five former Perciform families which make up the Carangiformes.<ref name = Nelson5>{{BioRef |fotw5 |pages=380–387}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author=Kimura, S.|author2= Takeuchi, S.|author3= Yadome, T. |year=2022|title= Generic revision of the species formerly belonging to the genus ''Carangoides'' and its related genera (Carangiformes: Carangidae)|journal= Ichthyological Research|volume= 69|issue=4|pages= 433-487 |doi=10.1007/s10228-021-00850-1}}</ref>

They are found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. Most species are fast-swimming predatory fishes that hunt in the waters above reefs and in the open sea; some dig in the sea floor for invertebrates.<ref name = FishBase>{{FishBase family|family=Carangidae|month=August |year=2019}}</ref>

The largest fish in the family, the greater amberjack, ''Seriola dumerili'', grows up to 2 m in length; most fish in the family reach a maximum length of 25–100 cm.

The family contains many important commercial and game fish, notably the Pacific jack mackerel, ''Trachurus symmetricus'', and the other jack mackerels in the genus ''Trachurus''.<ref name = FishBase/>

Many genera have fairly extensive fossil records, particularly ''Caranx'' and ''Seriola'', which extend into the early Paleogene (late Thanetian), and are known from whole and incomplete specimens, skeletal fragments, and otoliths. The several extinct genera include ''Archaeus'', ''Pseudovomer'', and ''Eastmanalepes''.

==Subfamilies and genera== [[File:Ceratoichthys pinnatiformis 454563.jpg|thumb|311x311px|''Ceratoichthys'', an extinct carangid in the subfamily Vomeropsinae]] The family Carangidae is subdivided into the following subfamilies and genera:<ref name="Nelson5" /><ref name="CofF">{{Cof family|family=Carangidae|access-date=17 November 2019}}</ref>

* Genus †''Archaeus'' Agassiz, 1844 (formerly placed in invalid subfamily Archaeinae)<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bannikov |first1=A. F. |last2=Erebakan |first2=I. G. |date=2023-04-01 |title=A New Species of Horse Mackerel Fish of the Genus Archaeus (Carangidae, Percomorpha) from the Lower Oligocene of the North Caucasus |url=https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030123020041 |journal=Paleontological Journal |language=en |volume=57 |issue=2 |pages=199–205 |doi=10.1134/S0031030123020041 |bibcode=2023PalJ...57..199B |issn=1555-6174|url-access=subscription }}</ref> * Genus †''Belgocaranx'' Taverne, Simaeys & Steurbaut, 2006<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Taverne |first1=Louis |last2=Simaeys |first2=Stefaan van |last3=Steurbaut |first3=Etienne |date=2006 |title=Belgocaranx luypaertsi gen. and sp. nov., a new skeleton-based Carangid Fish from the Boom Clay (Rupelian, Early Oligocene) at Kallo (N. Belgium). |url=https://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-earth-sciences/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-institute-of-natural-sciences-earth-sciences/taverne_belgocaranx_2006 |journal=Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique - Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen |volume=76 |pages=119–130}}</ref> * Genus †''Carangidarum'' [<nowiki/>otolith] * Genus †''Matsyana'' Singh<nowiki/> & Choudhary, 1972<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=S. N. |last2=Choudhary |first2=N. K. |date=1972 |title=A New Fossil Fish Genus From The Eocene Of Rajasthan, India |url=https://www.palaeobotanicalsociety.org/geophytology/vol2_1972/206vol2_1972.pdf |journal=Geophytology |volume=2 |issue=2 |pages=206–210}}</ref> * Genus †''Paratrachinotus'' Blot, 1969 * Genus †''Trachicaranx'' Daniltshenko, 1968 (=''Uylyaichthys'' Prokofiev, 2002)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bannikov |first=Alexander |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266379332 |title=Fossil Vertebrates of Russia and Adjacent Countries. Fossil Acanthopterygians Fishes (Teleostei, Acanthopterygii) |date=2009 |publisher=GEOS, Moscow |language=Russian}}</ref> * Subfamily Trachinotinae Gill, 1861<ref name="VDLEF">{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style = amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref> ** Genus ''Lichia'' Cuvier, 1816 ** Genus ''Trachinotus'' Lacepède, 1801 * Subfamily Scomberoidinae Gill, 1890<ref name="VDLEF" /> ** Genus ''Oligoplites'' Gill, 1863 ** Genus ''Parona'' C. Berg, 1895 ** Genus ''Scomberoides'' Lacepède, 1801 ** Genus †''Quasioligoplites'' Bannikov, 1995<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bannikov |first=Alexander |date=1995 |title=A NEW MIDDLE EOCENE GENUS OF CARANGID FISHES (PERCIFORMES) FROM THE NORTHERN CAUCASUS |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282849680 |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=29 |issue=2}}</ref> * Subfamily Naucratinae Bleeker, 1859<ref name="VDLEF" /> ** Genus ''Campogramma'' Regan, 1903 ** Genus ''Elagatis'' F.D. Bennett, 1840 ** Genus ''Naucrates'' Rafinesque, 1810 ** Genus ''Seriola'' Bleeker, 1854 ** Genus ''Seriolina'' Wakiya, 1924 * Subfamily Caranginae Rafinesque, 1815<ref name="VDLEF" /> ** Genus ''Alectis'' Rafinesque, 1815 ** Genus ''Alepes'' Swainson, 1839 ** Genus ''Atropus'' Oken, 1817 ** Genus ''Atule'' D.S. Jordan & E.K. Jordan, 1922 ** Genus ''Carangichthys'' Bleeker, 1853 ** Genus ''Carangoides'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''Caranx'' Lacepède, 1801 ** Genus ''Chloroscombrus'' Girard, 1858 ** Genus ''Craterognathus'' Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 ** Genus ''Decapterus'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''Euprepocaranx'' Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 ** Genus ''Ferdauia'' D.S. Jordan, Evermann & Wakiya in Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka, 1927 ** Genus ''Flavocaranx'' Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 ** Genus ''Gnathodon'' Bleeker, 1850 ** Genus ''Hemicaranx'' Bleeker, 1862 ** Genus ''Kaiwarinus'' Suzuki, 1962 ** Genus ''Megalaspis'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''Pantolabus'' Whitley, 1931 ** Genus ''Paraselene'' Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 ** Genus ''Parastromateus'' Bleeker, 1864 ** Genus ''Platycaranx'' Kimura, Takeuchi & Yadome, 2022 ** Genus ''Pseudocaranx'' Bleeker, 1863 ** Genus ''Scyris'' Cuvier, 1829 ** Genus ''Selar'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''Selaroides'' Bleeker, 1851 ** Genus ''Selene'' Lacepède, 1802 ** Genus ''Trachurus'' Rafinesque, 1810 ** Genus ''Turrum'' Whitley, 1932 ** Genus ''Uraspis'' Bleeker, 1855 ** Genus †''Eastmanalepes'' Bannikov, 1984 ** Genus †''Eothynnus'' Woodward, 1901 ** Genus †''Pseudovomer'' Sauvage, 1870 ** Genus †''Teratichthys'' Koenig, 1825 *†Vomeropsinae Bannikov, 1984<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bannikov |first=Alexander F. |date=1984 |title=The New Subfamily of Carangid Fishes |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285594495 |journal=Studi e ricerche sui giacimenti terziari di Bolca |volume=IV |pages=319–321}}</ref> **†''Ceratoichthys'' Blot, 1969 **†''Vomeropsis'' Heckel, 1854

==See also== There are a great many fish called trevallies, most of which belong to the ''Carangidae''. For articles on them, see {{In title|Trevally}}.

== References == {{Commons category|Carangidae}} {{Wikispecies|Carangidae}} {{Reflist}}

Category:Carangidae Category:Marine fish families Category:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Category:Carangiformes families