{{Short description|Act of making a noise like flatulence}} {{Redirect2|Bronx cheer|Razzberry|the Law & Order episode|Bronx Cheer (Law & Order){{!}}Bronx Cheer (''Law & Order'')|the fruit|Raspberry|"blue raspberry"|Blue raspberry (disambiguation){{!}}Blue raspberry}} thumb|250px|alt=video|A man blowing a raspberry {{Infobox IPA | ipa symbol = ↀ͡r̪͆ | ipa symbol2 = ↀ | ipa number = }} {{Infobox IPA | ipa symbol = r̼̊ | ipa symbol2 = ʙ̼̊ | ipa number = 122 + 407 + 402A | decimal1 = 114 | decimal2 = 828 | decimal3 = 805 }} {{IPA notice}} A '''raspberry''', or '''razz''', also known as a '''Bronx cheer''', is a mouth noise similar to a fart that is used to signify derision. It is also used as a voice exercise for singers and actors, where it may be called a '''raspberry trill''' or '''tongue trill'''. It is made by placing the tongue between the lips and blowing, so that it trills against the lower lip, and as a catcall in public arenas is sometimes made into the palm or back of the hand to amplify the volume. In Russia it is commonly accompanied by rolling the{{nbsp}}eyes.<ref name=russia>Samokhina I. A. Combined techniques of transmitting cultural and historical realities in a fiction text // Foreign languages: linguistic and methodological aspects. Tver State University, 2014. No. 25. P271-273.</ref>

Blowing a raspberry is common to many countries around the world, including European and European-settled countries and Iran. In Anglophone countries, it is associated with catcalling opposing sports teams, and with children. It is not used in any human language as a building block of words, apart from jocular exceptions such as the name of the {{nowr|comic-book}} character {{nowr|Joe Btfsplk}}. However, the vaguely similar bilabial trill (essentially blowing a raspberry with one's lips) is a regular consonant sound in a few{{nbsp}}dozen languages scattered around the world.

Spike Jones and His City Slickers used a "birdaphone" to create this sound on their recording of "Der{{nbsp}}Fuehrer's Face", repeatedly lambasting Adolf Hitler with: "We'll ''Heil!'' [{{hairsp|''Bronx{{nbsp}}cheer''}}] ''Heil!'' [{{hairsp|''Bronx{{nbsp}}cheer''}}] Right in Der{{nbsp}}Fuehrer's Face!"<ref>{{ cite web |first=David |last=Hinkley |title=Scorn and disdain: Spike Jones giffs Hitler der old birdaphone, 1942 |work=New York Daily News |date=March 3, 2004 |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408091714/https://www.nydailynews.com/archives/news/2004/03/03/2004-03-03_scorn_and_disdain_spike_jone.html |archive-date=April 8, 2009 |issn=2692-1251 |oclc=9541172 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite AV media|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1633240/m1/|title=Pop Chronicles 1940s Program #5|first=John|last=Gilliland|date=April 14, 1972|website=UNT Digital Library|publisher=University of North Texas|id={{ARK|ark:/67531/metadc1633240/m1/}}}}</ref>

In the terminology of phonetics, the raspberry has been described as a (pulmonic) labiolingual trill,<ref>{{cite book| last=Odden |first=David |title=Introducing Phonology |year=2005 |edition=1st |publisher=Cambridge University Press |publication-place=New York |isbn=978-0-511-10970-6 |page=130}}</ref> transcribed{{nbsp}}{{IPA|[r̼]}} or{{nbsp}}{{IPA|[r̼̊]}} (depending on voicing) in the International Phonetic Alphabet;{{efn|By analogy of the bridge above diacritic {{angbr IPA|◌͆}} used for dentolabials in extIPA, ''labiolinguals'' (with the tongue against the lower lip) may be transcribed ''ad hoc'' with the seagull above diacritic {{angbr IPA|◌᫥}}, to distinguish them from ''linguolabials'' (with the tongue against the upper lip). The labiolingual trills can therefore be transcribed as {{IPA|[r᫥]}} and {{IPA|[r̥᫥]}}.}} and as a buccal interdental trill, transcribed{{nbsp}}{{IPA|[ↀ͡r̪͆]}} in the Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet (the {{abbr-link|ICPLA|International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association}} suggests that{{nbsp}}{{IPA|[ↀ]}} may also be used alone as an abbreviation if a speaker frequently uses the sound).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ball |first1=Martin J. |author-link1=Martin J. Ball |last2=Howard |first2=Sara J. |last3=Miller |first3=Kirk |editor-first=Amalia |editor-last=Arvaniti |year=2018 |title=Revisions to the extIPA chart |journal=Journal of the International Phonetic Association |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=155–164 |doi=10.1017/S0025100317000147 |s2cid=151863976 |issn=0025-1003 |eissn=1475-3502 |lccn=74648541 |oclc=474783413 }}</ref> The {{langr|de|Knorkator}}{{nbsp}}song "{{langr|de|[Buchstabe]}}" (the actual title is a glyph) on the 1999{{nbsp}}album {{ill|Hasenchartbreaker|de|lt={{lang|de|Hasenchartbreaker|cat=no}}}} uses a voiced linguolabial trill to replace "br" in a number of German words (e.g.{{nbsp}}{{IPA|[ˈr̼aːtkaʁtɔfl̩n]}} for {{itco|{{lang|de|Bratkartoffeln|cat=no}}}}).

==Name== The nomenclature varies by country. In most Anglophone countries, it is known as a ''raspberry'', which is attested from {{nowr|at least 1890}},<ref>{{OED|raspberry}}</ref> and which in the United{{nbsp}}States had been shortened to ''razz'' by{{nbsp}}1919.<ref>{{OED|razz}}</ref> The term originates in rhyming slang, where "raspberry{{nbsp}}tart" means "fart".<ref>{{cite book |last=Holder |first=Robert W |date= 25 September 2008|title=Dictionary of Euphemisms |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_tSNa4kBx2IC&pg=PA318 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=318 |isbn=978-0-19-923517-9 }}</ref> In the United{{nbsp}}States it has also been called a ''Bronx cheer'' since at least the early{{nbsp}}1920s.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/457777070|title=All Chicago backs up its footballers|last=Runyon|first=Damon|date=19 Oct 1921|work=San Francisco Examiner|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=Universal Syndicate|page=19|quote=....the East will grin and give Western football the jolly old Bronx cheer.|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/39276030|title=Wills looks like boob in Johnson bout|last=Farrell|first=Henry L.|date=30 Nov 1922|work=San Antonio Evening News|access-date=18 Jun 2019|agency=United Press|page=8|quote=While the crowd was giving vent to the 'Bronx cheer' and hurling garlands of raspberries from the gallery....|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

In Italian it is known by the Neapolitan word {{lang|it|{{wikt-lang|it|pernacchia}}}}; in Spanish as {{lang|es|{{wikt-lang|es|pedorreta}}}} or {{langr|es|{{wikt-lang|es|trompetilla}}}}.

==See also== * Golden Raspberry Awards, which are named after the term * {{anl|The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town|''The Phantom Raspberry Blower of Old London Town''}} * {{anl|Flatulence humor}}

== Notes == {{notelist}}

==References== {{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blowing A Raspberry}} Category:Flatulence Category:Onomatopoeia Category:Gestures Category:Articles containing video clips Category:Sounds by type Category:Metaphors referring to food and drink Category:Linguolabial consonants {{#related:Rhyming slang}}