Bashlyk

{{Short description|Traditional headgear}} [[File:Kosta XETAGUROV.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ossetian poet Kosta Khetagurov wearing a bashlyk (white)]] A '''bashlyk''', also spelled '''bashlik''',{{efn|{{langx|krc|Başlıq}}, Adyghe: Shkharkhon, Abkhaz: qtarpá, Chechen: Ċukkuiy, Georgian: ყაბალახი, q'abalakhi, Ossetian: ''басылыхъхъ'', ''basylyqq'', {{langx|crh|Başlıq}}, Tatar: Başlıq, Turkish: Başlık; "baş" - head, "-lıq" (''Tatar'') / "-lık" (''Turkish'') - derivative suffix.}} is a traditional Iranian, Caucasian, Turkic and Cossack cone-shaped hooded headdress, usually of leather, felt or wool, featuring a round topped bonnet with lappets for wrapping around the neck. Local versions determine the trim, which may consist of decorative cords, embroidery, jewelry, metallized strings, fur balls or tassels. Among dozens of versions are winter bashlyks worn atop regular headdress, cotton bashlyks, homeknitted bashlyks, silk bashlyks, scarf bashlyks, down bashlyks, dress bashlyks, jumpsuit-type bashlyks, etc. Bashlyks are used as traditional folk garment, and as uniform headdress.<ref>[http://www.hatshapers.com/Hat%20Dictionary.htm Hat Dictionary]</ref><ref>[http://etimology.net.ua/b.php Значение и этимология слов на букву Б] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421161055/http://etimology.net.ua/b.php |date=April 21, 2007 }}</ref>

A variation of bashlyk is the kalpak (''qalpaq''), a cone-shaped headdress without lappets, mostly made of leather, felt or wool,<ref>[https://www.m-w.com/dictionary/kalpak kalpak - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary]</ref> and the malahai, also known as the ''tymak'', a curved cone-shaped headdress, either with or without lappets, mostly made of leather, and occasionally with a fur-wrapping, originally worn by most inhabitants of the Idel-Ural, but nowadays mostly reduced to the Bashkirs.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ТСД2/Малахай — Викитека |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%A1%D0%942/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B9 |access-date=2024-04-17 |website=ru.wikisource.org |language=ru}}</ref> It also went on to inspire the budenovka in the USSR.<ref>Khostov, Mikhail (1996). The Russian Civil War (1): The Red Army. Bloomsbury, USA: Osprey Publishing. p. 23.</ref> == History == Bashlyks became fashionable in Russia in 1830-1840, after the Napoleonic Wars with significant participation of the Bashkir cavalry. By the 1862 bashlyks were made a uniform headdress in Cossack armies, and later in other branches of Russian armed forces. The military bashlyk was bright yellow camel wool, with a yellow band. Officer bashlyks had gold or silver band. In the Russian army, bashlyks lasted till 1917, when they became a trademark of White Army officers and Red Army cavalry.<ref name=mundir>{{Cite web |date=2007-03-12 |title=РУССКИЙ ВОЕННЫЙ МУНДИР XVIII-XIX веков |url=http://gorod.crimea.edu/librari/rusmundirend/str_47.htm |access-date=2024-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070312025801/http://gorod.crimea.edu/librari/rusmundirend/str_47.htm |archive-date=2007-03-12 }}</ref>

==Gallery== <gallery> File:Башкиры в Париже.jpg|19th century depiction of Bashkirs raiding Paris, all depicted wearing Bashlyks and Malahais File:COSSACKS PORTRAITS(1820) p025 (R) DON COSSACKS.jpg|A sketch of a Don Cossack with a bashlyk on, taken in Paris during the campaign of 1815 File:Казаки оренбургского войска.jpg|An 1839 drawing of Orenburg Cossacks wearing bashlyks (left) File:Джекцы (A).jpg|An 1865 photograph of Lezgins wearing Bashlyks and Kalpaks File:Заштатный.jpg|A 1871 sketch of an old man in a Bashlyk by Apollinary Vasnetsov </gallery>

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Category:Military equipment of Russia Category:Military uniforms Category:Military history of Russia Category:Russian clothing Category:Turkish words and phrases Category:Hoods (headgear) Category:Clothing of the Ottoman Empire Category:Iranian clothing Category:Achaemenid Empire Category:Pointed hats