Amphibamiformes

{{Short description|Extinct clade of temnospondyls}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Amphibamus BW.jpg | image_caption = ''Amphibamus grandiceps'' | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Carboniferous|Triassic|latest=0}} <small>Probable descendant taxon Lissamphibia survives to present</small> | taxon = Amphibamiformes | authority = Schoch, 2018 | subdivision_ranks = Subgroups | subdivision = *''Eoscopus'' *''Georgenthalia'' *''Gerobatrachus'' *''Kermitops''<ref name="So2024">{{cite journal |last1=So |first1=C. |last2=Pardo |first2=J. D. |last3=Mann |first3=A. |title=A new amphibamiform from the Early Permian of Texas elucidates patterns of cranial diversity among terrestrial amphibamiforms |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2024 |volume=zlae012 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae012 |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/advance-article/doi/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae012/7630141}}</ref> *''Nanobamus'' *''Platyrhinops'' *''Plemmyradytes'' *''Rubeostratilia'' * '''Amphibamidae''' **''Amphibamus'' **''Doleserpeton'' * '''Micropholidae''' **''Micropholis'' **''Pasawioops'' **''Tersomius'' * '''Branchiosauridae''' * '''Lissamphibia'''? }}

'''Amphibamiformes''' is an unranked clade with Dissorophoidea created by Schoch (2018).<ref name=Schoch2018>{{Cite journal|last=Schoch|first=Rainer R.|date=2018|title=The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls|journal=Journal of Paleontology|language=en|volume=93|issue=1|pages=137–156|doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.67|issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free}}</ref> It encompasses all of the taxa traditionally considered to be "amphibamids" (subsequently restricted to ''Doleserpeton annectens'' and ''Amphibamus grandiceps'' by Schoch), branchiosaurids, and hypothetically lissamphibians under the traditional temnospondyl hypothesis of lissamphibian origins. These taxa are typically small-bodied dissorophoids and form the sister group to Olsoniformes, which comprises dissorophids and trematopids.

== Description == Amphibamiformes are diagnosed by a palatine and ectopterygoid reduced to narrow struts, a laterally-expanded interpterygoid vacuity, a humerus length-to-waist ratio of 6:10, and an absent basioccipital and supraoccipital.

== Definition == A node-based clade; the most inclusive clade containing ''Amphibamus grandiceps'' but not ''Dissorophus multicinctus''.

== Phylogeny == Simplified phylogeny of Dissorophoidea from Schoch (2018):<ref name=Schoch2018 />

{{Clade|{{clade |1=Olsoniformes |label2=Amphibamiformes |2={{clade |1=''Eoscopus'' |2={{clade |1=''Platyrhinops'' |2={{clade |label1=Micropholidae |1={{clade |1=''Tersomius'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Pasawioops'' |2=''Micropholis''}} }} }} |2={{clade |label1=Amphibamidae |1={{clade |1=''Doleserpeton'' |2=''Amphibamus'' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Gerobatrachus'' |2=''Georgenthalia'' }} |2={{clade |label1=Lissamphibia |1={{clade |1=''Eocaecilia'' |2={{clade |1=''Karaurus'' |2=''Triadobatrachus'' }} }} }} }} |label2=Branchiosauridae |2={{clade |1=''Branchiosaurus'' |2=''Apateon'' |3={{clade |1=''Leptorophus'' |2=''Schoenfelderpeton'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Xerodromes}}

The phylogeny of Amphibamiformes has historically been relatively unresolved. Below are earlier analyses that recover slightly different topologies (nomenclature adjusted to reflect current status and ranks):

=== Fröbisch & Reisz (2008) === {{Clade|{{clade |1={{clade |1=''Georgenthalia'' |2={{clade |1=''Eoscopus'' |2={{clade |1=''Plemmyradytes'' |2={{clade |1=''Platyrhinops'' |2={{clade |1=''Doleserpeton'' |2={{clade |1=''Gerobatrachus'' |2=''Amphibamus''}} }} }} }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=''Tersomius'' |2={{clade |1=''Micropholis'' |2=''Pasawioops'' }} }} }}|label1=Amphibamiformes}} <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fröbisch|first1=Nadia B.|last2=Reisz|first2=Robert R.|date=2008|title=A new Lower Permian amphibamid (Dissorophoidea, Temnospondyli) from the fissure fill deposits near Richards Spur, Oklahoma|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|language=en|volume=28|issue=4|pages=1015–1030|doi=10.1671/0272-4634-28.4.1015|s2cid=128698929|issn=0272-4634}}</ref>

=== Anderson et al. (2008) === {{Clade|{{clade |1={{clade |1=''Tersomius'' |2=''Micropholis''}} |2={{clade |1=''Eoscopus'' |2={{clade |1=''Platyrhinops'' |2={{clade |1=''Amphibamus'' |2={{clade |1=''Doleserpeton'' |2={{clade |1=''Gerobatrachus'' |label2=Batrachia |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Anura |2=''Triadobatrachus''}} |2={{clade |1=Caudata |2=Albanerpetontidae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=Amphibamiformes}} <ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Anderson|first1=Jason S.|last2=Reisz|first2=Robert R.|last3=Scott|first3=Diane|last4=Fröbisch|first4=Nadia B.|last5=Sumida|first5=Stuart S.|date=2008|title=A stem batrachian from the Early Permian of Texas and the origin of frogs and salamanders|journal=Nature|volume=453|issue=7194|pages=515–518|doi=10.1038/nature06865|pmid=18497824|issn=0028-0836|bibcode=2008Natur.453..515A|s2cid=205212809}}</ref>

== Gallery == <gallery> Branchiosaurus BW.jpg|''Branchiosaurus'', a branchiosaurid of the late Carboniferous of central Europe Amphibamus BW.jpg|''Amphibamus grandiceps'', an amphibamid of the late Carboniferous of Illinois Gerobatrachus NT.jpg|''Gerobatrachus hottoni'', of the early Permian of Texas; this may be a close relative of present-day amphibians Rubeostratilia texensis.jpg|''Rubeostratilia texensis'', of the early Permian of Texas, an amphibamiform of uncertain relations Micropholis stowi.jpg|''Micropholis stowi'', a micropholid of the early Triassic of South Africa and Antarctica </gallery>

== References == <references />

Category:Dissorophoidea Category:Carboniferous temnospondyls Category:Permian temnospondyls Category:Triassic temnospondyls