Olsoniformes

{{short description|Taxon of temnospondyl amphibians (fossil)}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = Olsoniformes | fossil_range = Late Carboniferous - Late Permian | image = Acheloma cumminsi.jpg | image_caption = Skeleton of ''Acheloma cumminsi'' | taxon = Olsoniformes | authority = Anderson ''et al.'', 2008 | subdivision_ranks = Families | subdivision = }}

'''Olsoniformes''' is an extinct clade of dissorophoid temnospondyls, including the families Dissorophidae and Trematopidae. Most members of the clade were highly adapted to a terrestrial lifestyle. The clade was named in 2008<ref name="Georgenthalia" /> and is defined as the least inclusive clade containing ''Dissorophus multicinctus'' (a dissorophid) and ''Acheloma cumminsi'' (a trematopid) but not ''Amphibamus grandiceps, Micromelerpeton credneri,'' or ''Apateon pedestris''. Olsoniforms share various features such as a stout and low ilium and a thin cultriform process.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie Part 3A2. Temnospondyli I.|last=Schoch|first=Rainer, R.|last2=Milner|first2=Andrew, R.|publisher=Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Verlag|year=2014|isbn=9783931516260|editor-last=Sues|editor-first=Hans-Dieter|location=Stuttgart|oclc=580976}}</ref> The earliest-branching olsoniform is ''Palodromeus bairdi'', from the Late Carboniferous of Ohio.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Schoch |first=Rainer R. |last2=Henrici |first2=Amy C. |last3=Hook |first3=Robert W. |date=2021 |title=A new dissorophoid temnospondyl from the Allegheny Group (late Carboniferous) of Five Points, Mahoning County, Ohio (USA) |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022336020001018/type/journal_article |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=95 |issue=3 |pages=638–651 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2020.101 |issn=0022-3360|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

Trematopids are known from the Late Carboniferous and the Early Permian of Europe and across much of North America, while dissorophids are primarily found in Early Permian deposits in the central United States, extending into the Middle-Late Permian in Eurasia.

Below is a cladogram from Schoch (2018)<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Schoch|first=Rainer R.|date=2018-11-05|title=The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=93|issue=1|pages=137–156|doi=10.1017/jpa.2018.67|issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free}}</ref> showing the phylogenetic position of Olsoniformes within the Dissorophoidea:<ref name=Georgenthalia>{{Cite journal|author1=Jason S. Anderson |author2=Amy C. Henrici |author3=Stuart S. Sumida |author4=Thomas Martens |author5=David S. Berman |name-list-style=amp |year=2008 |title=''Georgenthalia clavinasica'', A New Genus and Species of Dissorophoid Temnospondyl from the Early Permian of Germany, and the Relationships of the Family Amphibamidae |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=28 |issue=1 |pages=61–75 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[61:GCANGA]2.0.CO;2 }}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85% |label1=Dissorophoidea |1={{clade |1=Micromelerpetontidae |label2=Xerodromes |2={{clade |label1='''Olsoniformes''' |1={{clade |1=Trematopidae |2=Dissorophidae }} |label2=Amphibamiformes |2={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=''Platyrhinops'' |2=''Eoscopus'' }} |label2= |2={{clade |1=Micropholidae |label2= |2={{clade |1=Amphibamidae |label2= |2={{clade |1=Branchiosauridae |label2= |2={{clade |1=''Gerobatrachus'' |2=Lissamphibia }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Carboniferous temnospondyls Category:Permian temnospondyls Category:Fossil taxa described in 2008 Category:Dissorophoidea