Tianjin

{{short description|Municipality of China}} {{Redirect|Tientsin|other uses|Tientsin (disambiguation)|and|Tianjin (disambiguation)}} {{Distinguish|Tajin}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Use American English|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Tianjin | native_name = 天津 | native_name_lang = zh | other_name = Tienchin, Tientsin | settlement_type = Municipality | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | image3 = 天津天际线202511.jpg | caption3 = Tianjin skyline | image2 = 于家堡金融区1.jpg | caption2 = Binhai New Area | image1 = Tianjin Eye and Tianjin.jpg | caption1 = Tianjin Eye and Hai River | image4 = 天津滨江道.jpg | caption4 = Binjiang Avenue | image5 = Tianjin Station 03.jpg | caption5 = Tianjin railway station | image6 = 21471-Tianjin (49063757341).jpg | caption6 = Minyuan Stadium | image7 = 21336-Tianjin (49063761436).jpg | caption7 = Tianjin Concert Hall }} | image_caption = | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=6}} | image_map1 = Tianjin in China (+all claims hatched).svg | map_caption1 = Location of Tianjin Municipality within China | coordinates = {{coord|39.1336|N|117.2054|E|type:landmark_region:CN-12_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = Tianjin Century Clock Plaza | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = China | established_title = Settled | established_date = {{circa|340 BC}} | seat_type = Municipal seat | seat = Hexi District | parts_type = Divisions  - County-level  - Township- level | parts = 16 districts 240 towns and townships | government_type = Municipality | governing_body = Tianjin Municipal People's Congress | leader_title = Party Secretary | leader_name = Chen Min'er | leader_title1 = Congress Chairman | leader_name1 = Yu Yunlin | leader_title2 = Mayor | leader_name2 = Zhang Gong | leader_title3 = Municipal CPPCC Chairman | leader_name3 = Wang Changsong | leader_title4 = National People's Congress Representation | leader_name4 = 39 deputies | total_type = Municipality | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 11946 | area_land_km2 = 11609.91 | area_water_km2 = 186 | area_urban_km2 = 11609.91 | area_metro_km2 = 5609.9 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 5 | elevation_max_m = 1,078 | elevation_max_point = Jiushan Peak | population_total = 13,866,009 | population_as_of = 2020 census | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://citypopulation.de/php/china-tianjin-admin.php|title=China: Tiānjīn (Districts) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=citypopulation.de|publisher=|date=|access-date=December 29, 2018|archive-date=December 29, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181229220432/https://citypopulation.de/php/china-tianjin-admin.php|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 13,866,009 | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_metro = 11,165,706 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Tianjinese Tianjiner | demographics_type2 = GDP(2025)<ref name="GDPdata">{{cite web|url=https://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|title=National Data|publisher=China NBS|date=March 2024|access-date=June 22, 2024|archive-date=January 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200109073448/http://data.stats.gov.cn/english/easyquery.htm?cn=E0103|url-status=live}} see also {{cite web|url=https://www.tj.gov.cn/sq/tjgb/202403/t20240319_6564208.html|title=zh: 2023年天津市国民经济和社会发展统计公报|publisher=tianjin.gov.cn|date=March 19, 2024|access-date=June 13, 2024|archive-date=August 16, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240816084009/https://www.tj.gov.cn/sq/tjgb/202403/t20240319_6564208.html|url-status=live}} The average exchange rate of 2023 was CNY 7.0467 to 1 USD dollar {{cite press release| url=https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html| title=Statistical communiqué of the People's Republic of China on the 2023 national economic and social development| publisher=China NBS| date=February 29, 2024| access-date=June 22, 2024| archive-date=March 5, 2024| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305035331/https://www.stats.gov.cn/english/PressRelease/202402/t20240228_1947918.html| url-status=live}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Municipality | demographics2_info1 = CN¥ 1,85 billion (24th) US$ 266 billion | demographics2_title2 = Per capita | demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 133,420 (6th) US$ 19,153 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = '''3000'''00 – '''3019'''00 | area_code = 22 | iso_code = CN-TJ | blank_name_sec2 = HDI (2023) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.867<ref name="SHDI">{{cite web |title=Human Development Indices (8.0)- China |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/CHN/?levels=1+4&years=2023&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=Global Data Lab}}</ref> (3rd) – very high | blank2_name_sec2 = Vehicle registration | blank2_info_sec2 = {{lang|zh-cn|津A}}, B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M {{lang|zh-cn|津E}} (taxis) | blank3_name_sec2 = Abbreviation | blank3_info_sec2 = TJ / {{lang-zh|c={{linktext|津}} |p=jīn |labels=no }} | blank4_name_sec2 = Climate | blank4_info_sec2 = Dwa/BSk | module = {{Infobox place symbols| embedded=yes | tree = Fraxinus velutina | flower = China rose | bird = | flowering_tree = | butterfly = | fish = | other_symbols = }} | official_name = Tianjin Municipality }} {{Infobox Chinese | pic = Tianjin_(Chinese_characters).svg | piccap = "Tianjin" in Chinese characters | picupright = 0.5 | c = {{linktext|lang=zh|天津}} | p = Tiānjīn | tp = Tianjin | w = T{{wg-apos}}ien1-chin1 | bpmf = ㄊㄧㄢ   ㄐㄧㄣ | gr = Tianjin | mi = {{unbulleted list|{{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Zh-Tianjin.ogg|t|ian|1|.|j|in|1}}|{{nowrap|{{IPA|[tʰi̯ɛȵ21 ʨiŋ11]}} (locally)}}}} | psp = Tientsin | j = tin1 zeon1 | ci = {{IPAc-yue|t|in|1|-|z|eon|7}} ''or'' {{IPAc-yue|t|in|1|-|z|eon|1}} | y = Tīnjèun ''or'' Tīnjēun | wuu = Thie平-tsin平 | poj = Thian-tin | showflag = p }} '''Tianjin{{efn|{{IPAc-en|t|j|E|n|'|dʒ|ɪ|n}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url= http://www.lexico.com/definition/Tianjin |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210411052545/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tianjin |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 11, 2021 |title=Tianjin |dictionary=Lexico UK English Dictionary |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Mandarin: {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|zh-Tianjin.ogg|t|ian|1|.|j|in|1}}; previously romanized as '''Tienchin''' or '''Tientsin''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|j|E|n|'|t|s|ɪ|n}})<ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Tianjin}}</ref>}}''' is a provincial-level direct-administered municipality in China. It is located on the shore of the Bohai Sea. It has a total population of 13,866,009 inhabitants at the 2020 census.<ref>{{cite web |script-title=zh:2015年天津市国民经济和社会发展统计公报 |url=http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2016/03/02/030839382.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002000942/http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2016/03/02/030839382.shtml |archive-date=October 2, 2016 |access-date=March 6, 2016 |website=news.enorth.com.cn}}</ref>

Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea. Part of the Bohai Economic Rim, it is the largest coastal city in Northern China and part of the Jing-Jin-Ji megapolis.

In terms of urban population, Tianjin is the seventh largest city in China. In terms of administrative area population, Tianjin ranks fifth in mainland China.<ref>{{cite web |year=2012 |script-title=zh:最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查） |url=http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303135707/http://www.elivecity.cn/html/yijuyanjiu/yijuyanjiu1/645.html |archive-date=March 3, 2015 |access-date=May 28, 2014 |website=elivecity.cn}}</ref> The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404. As a treaty port since 1860, Tianjin has been a seaport and gateway to Beijing. During the Boxer Rebellion, the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government. Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China, Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region.<ref name="history">{{cite web |date=December 4, 2009 |script-title=zh:历史沿革 |url=http://www.tj.gov.cn/zjtj/lsyg/lsyg/200712/t200712%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A518_37097.htm |access-date=August 24, 2010 |website=tj.gov.cn |publisher=Tianjin People's Government |archive-date=April 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429115132/http://www.tj.gov.cn/zjtj/lsyg/lsyg/200712/t200712%E5%A4%A9%E6%B4%A518_37097.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> At that time, European-style buildings and mansions were constructed in concessions, some of which are preserved today. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Tianjin suffered a depression due to the policy of the central government and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake; however, it has been recovering since the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web |date=February 26, 2006 |script-title=zh:河北人才被空吸本地发展缓慢世界罕见 |url=http://news.sohu.com/20060226/n242024868.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808054209/http://news.sohu.com/20060226/n242024868.shtml |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |access-date=August 20, 2010 |publisher=Sohu}}</ref> Tianjin is classified as the largest type of port city, a Large-Port Megacity, due to its large urban population and port traffic volume.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Roberts |first1=Toby |last2=Williams |first2=Ian |last3=Preston |first3=John |year=2021 |title=The Southampton system: A new universal standard approach for port-city classification |journal=Maritime Policy & Management |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=530–542 |doi=10.1080/03088839.2020.1802785 |s2cid=225502755 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Tianjin is currently a dual-core city, with its main urban area (including the older part of the city) located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal, and Binhai, an adjacent New Area urban core located east of the older part of the city on the coast of the Bohai Gulf. Since 2010, Tianjin's Yujiapu Financial District has become known as China's Manhattan<ref name="ChinaManhattan1">{{cite news |author=Alexandra Stenson and Cao Li |date=April 10, 2019 |title='China's Manhattan' Borrowed Heavily. The People Have Yet to Arrive |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/business/china-economy-debt-tianjin.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410232403/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/10/business/china-economy-debt-tianjin.html |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |access-date=April 11, 2019 |newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref><ref name="ChinaManhattan2" /> and the city is considered to be one of the world's top 100 cities,<ref>{{Cite web |title=GFCI 36 Rank - Long Finance |url=https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-36-explore-the-data/gfci-36-rank/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=www.longfinance.net}}</ref> including in the Global Financial Centres Index. As of 2024, Tianjin was ranked as a Beta+ (global second tier) city together with Barcelona and Rome by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Cities 2024 |url=https://gawc.lboro.ac.uk/gawc-worlds/the-world-according-to-gawc/world-cities-2024/ |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=GaWC |language=en-US}}</ref> In 2025, Tianjin held the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=SCO summit in Tianjin to usher in a new era of cooperation--China Assumes the SCO Rotating Presidency for 2024-2025 |url=https://www.scochina2025.org.cn/en/n3/2025/0829/c518818-20359155.html |access-date=2025-08-31 |website=www.scochina2025.org.cn}}</ref>

Tianjin is ranked as the 15th leading city in the world with the highest scientific research outputs and second in the North China region after Beijing.<ref name="Research Output">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} {{!}} Supplements {{!}} Nature Index |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2025-science-cities/tables/overall |access-date=2025-11-15 |website=www.nature.com}}</ref> The municipality is also home to multiple institutes of higher education in Northern China, including Tianjin, Nankai, Tianjin Normal, Tianjin Medical, Tianjin Foreign Studies, Tiangong, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin University of Technology, and Hebei University of Technology.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ShanghaiRanking's Best Chinese Universities Ranking |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2024 |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=www.shanghairanking.com |archive-date=September 18, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240918022027/https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/bcur/2024 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=".":2"">{{cite web |date=2021-10-26 |title=US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Tianjin |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=tianjin |access-date=2021-10-30 |website=U.S. News & World Report |archive-date=October 30, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030222540/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/search?city=tianjin |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Name== ''Tianjin'' is the pinyin spelling of the Chinese characters {{lang|zh|天津}}. The name literally means 'the ford of the emperor'. The origin of the name is disputed. One traditional theory says that it was an homage to the Chu poet Qu Yuan, whose "Li Sao" includes the verse "... departing from the Ford of Heaven at dawn ..." ({{zhi|t=朝發軔於天津兮|p=zhāo fārèn yú Tiānjīn xī}}). Another says that it honors the former name of the Girl, a Chinese constellation recorded under the name ''Tianjin'' in the Astronomical Record section of the Book of Sui. A third says that it derives from a place name noted in the River Record of the History of Jin. The most common theory says that it was bestowed by the Yongle Emperor of the Ming, who crossed Tianjin's Gu River on his way south to overthrow his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=23 May 2020 |title=10 Interesting Facts About Tianjin |url=https://thebiggestcitiesinchina.com/10-interesting-facts-about-tianjin/ |access-date=25 February 2024 |website=Biggest Cities in China}}</ref>

Prior to the introduction of pinyin, the city's name was historically romanized as {{transliteration|zh|Tientsin}} in the Chinese postal romanization. The current English spelling of Tianjin was adopted in 1958, after pinyin was introduced by the PRC government. Several countries, international organizations and media outlets have adopted the pinyin name since 1979. The Government of the Republic of China (ROC) has continued to use the postal and Wade–Giles spelling since the adoption of pinyin by the ROC government in 2009.

==History==

=== Early history === [[File:独乐寺观音阁.jpg|thumb|Dule Temple is a structure dating back to China's Liao Dynasty, built in 984 AD.|left]] The land where Tianjin is now located was created in between 900 and 1300 CE by the sediments of rivers entering the sea at the Bohai Gulf, including the Yellow River, which entered the open sea in the area at one time. The construction of the Grand Canal under the Sui dynasty helped the future development of Tianjin, as the canal ran from Hangzhou to the Beijing and Tianjin region by 609 CE. Grain from southern China was regularly transported to the north through the canal and was used during the subsequent dynasties. Tianjin began to be increasingly mentioned in records during the Song dynasty and gained importance during the Yuan dynasty. Tianjin experienced development under the Yuan and became a location for the storage of goods and grains. Tianjin became a garrison town and shipping station during the Ming dynasty; it was a center of commerce by the 17th century.<ref>{{Cite book|title=International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers|year=1996|isbn=1-884964-04-4|editor-last=Schellinger|editor-first=Paul|location=Chicago|pages=813|editor-last2=Salkin|editor-first2=Robert}}</ref>

===Qing dynasty===

During the Qing dynasty (1644{{ndash}}1911), the Tianjin Prefecture, or ''Zhou'' ({{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|州}}}}), was established in 1725, and Tianjin County was established within the prefecture in 1731. Later, it became an urban prefecture or ''Fu'' ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|府}}}}), before becoming a relay station ({{lang|zh|{{linktext|駐|地}}}}) under the command of the Viceroy of Zhili.

thumb|1913 map of Tianjin

===Opening up as a treaty port=== {{See also|Foreign concessions in Tianjin}} In 1856, Chinese soldiers boarded ''The Arrow'', a Chinese-owned ship registered in Hong Kong that flew the British flag and which was suspected of piracy, smuggling, and involvement in the opium trade. The soldiers captured twelve men and imprisoned them. In response, the British and French sent gunboats under the command of Admiral Sir Michael Seymour to capture the Taku forts near Tianjin in May 1858. At the end of the first part of the Second Opium War in June of the same year, the British and French prevailed, and the Treaty of Tientsin was signed, which opened Tianjin (Tientsin) to foreign trade. The treaties were ratified by the Xianfeng Emperor in 1860, so Tianjin was formally opened to Great Britain and France and thus to the outside world. Between 1895 and 1900, Britain and France were joined by Japan, Germany and Russia, and some countries without Chinese concessions, such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0018246X15000461|title=Italy's Informal Imperialism in Tianjin During the Liberal Epoch, 1902–1922|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=59|issue=2|pages=447–468|date=June 2016|last1=Donati|first1=Sabina|s2cid=163536150}}</ref> These nations left architectural reminders of their rule, which include churches and thousands of villas.

[[File:炫彩津门25望海楼教堂.jpg|thumb|right|Church of Our Lady's Victories, built in 1869, was the site of the Tianjin Church Massacre.]] The presence of foreign influence in Tianjin was not always peaceful; one violent incident was that of the Tianjin Church Massacre. In June 1870, the orphanage held by the Wanghailou Church (translated as Church Our Lady's Victories{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}) in Tianjin, which built by French Roman Catholic missionaries, was accused of kidnapping and brainwashing Chinese children. On June 21, the magistrate of Tianjin County initiated a conflict at the church that developed into violent clashes between the church's Christian supporters and some non-Christian Tianjin residents. The protesters eventually burned down Wanghailou Church and the nearby French consulate, killing eighteen foreigners, including ten French nuns, the French consul, and merchants. France and six other Western nations complained to the Qing government, which was forced to pay compensation for the incident. [[File:21173-Tianjin (49063244473).jpg|left|thumb|Haihe River in Tianjin]] In 1885, Li Hongzhang founded the Tianjin Military Academy ({{lang-zh|labels=no|t=天津武備學堂}}) for Chinese army officers with German advisors as a part of his military reforms.<ref name="Fairbank1978">{{cite book|author=John King Fairbank|title=The Cambridge History of China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnIC&q=Liu+Chin-t%27ang%27s+big+German+guns+Pai+Yen-hu+without+resistance|year=1978|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-22029-3|access-date=August 19, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821143754/https://books.google.com/books?id=pEfWaxPhdnIC&q=Liu+Chin-t%27ang%27s+big+German+guns+Pai+Yen-hu+without+resistance#v=snippet&q=wu-pei%20hsueh-t'ang%201885%20tardy&f=false|archive-date=August 21, 2016|url-status=live}}{{rp|266–267}}</ref> The academy's founding was supported by the Anhui Army commander Zhou Shengchuan.<ref name="Fairbank1978" />{{rp|267}} The academy was to serve the Anhui Army and the Green Standard Army officers. The instructors were German officers.<ref name="Fairbank1978" />{{rp|267}} In 1887, the academy started a program to train teenagers to become army officers; the program continued for five years.<ref name="Fairbank1978" />{{rp|268}} Practical and technical subjects including sciences, foreign languages, Chinese literature, mathematics, and history were taught at the school and exams were administered to students. The lessons taught at the Tianjin Military Academy were copied for the Weihaiwei and Shanhaiguan military schools.<ref name="Fairbank1978" />{{rp|268}} A maritime defense fund supplied the budget for the Tianjin Military Academy, which was located in the same area as the Tianjin Naval Academy.<ref name="Fairbank1978" />{{rp|268}} In 1886, the Tianjin Military Academy adopted ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' as part of its curriculum.<ref name="Ph.D.Vittinghoff2004">{{cite book|author1=Michael Lackner, Ph.D.|author2=Natascha Vittinghoff|title=Mapping Meanings: The Field of New Learning in Late Qing China; [International Conference "Translating Western Knowledge Into Late Imperial China", 1999, Göttingen University]|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EGMWzOfJOTIC&q=six+maxims+taizu+kangxi&pg=PA269|date=January 2004|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-13919-0|pages=269–}}</ref> Among its alumni were Wang Yingkai and Duan Qirui; its staff included Yinchang.

[[File:Main Building of Peiyang University since 1903.jpg|thumb|Peiyang University, established 1895]] In June 1900, the Boxers were able to seize control of parts of Tianjin. On June 26, European defense forces heading towards Beijing were stopped by Boxers at nearby Langfang; they were defeated and forced to turn back to Tianjin. The foreign concessions were also under siege for several weeks.

thumb|The HSBC Tianjin Branch was the first foreign bank in the Tianjin Concession, and the building is now occupied by the Bank of China. thumb|The Yokohama Specie Bank Tianjin Branch was a Japanese bank established in Tianjin during the period of Japan's invasion of China. The building is now used by the Bank of China. In July 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance recaptured Tianjin. This alliance soon established the Tianjin Provisional Government, which was composed of representatives from each of the occupying forces (Russia, Britain, Japan, Germany, France, America, Austro-Hungary, and Italy). The city was governed by this council until August 15, 1902, when the city was returned to Qing control. Qing General Yuan Shikai led efforts to transform Tianjin into a modern city, establishing the first modern Chinese police force. In 1907, Yuan supervised China's first modern democratic elections for a county council.

thumb|right|Major crossing (Rue Général Foch and Rue de Chaylard) of downtown Tianjin in French concession

Western nations were permitted to garrison the area to ensure open access to Beijing. The British maintained a brigade of two battalions in Tianjin, and the Italians, French, Japanese, Germans, Russians, and Austro-Hungarians maintained their forces using strength regiments; the United States did not initially participate.

In 1915-1916, a political and diplomatic dispute, the Laoxikai Affair, arose between France and the Republic of China.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Wong|first=Stephanie M.|title=Making Catholicism Chinese: the Catholic Church in a Modernizing China|date=2025|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-762369-5|location=New York, NY, United States of America}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=50}} It developed out of an attempt by the French consulate to expand France's extraterritorial power in Tianjin outside of the French concession and into the adjacent Laoxikai district where a Catholic Cathedral had recently been built.<ref name=":03" />{{Reference page|page=50}} On 20 October 1916, French police arrested nine Chinese police officers.<ref name=":03" />{{Reference page|page=50}} Chinese residents in Tianjin responded by rioting.<ref name=":03" />{{Reference page|page=50}} The Chinese government protested the arrests, and the French released the Chinese police officers and issued an apology.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Chen|first=Songchuan|date=2012|title=Shame on You!: Competing Narratives of the Nation in the Laoxikai Incident and the Tianjin Anti-French Campaign, 1916-1917|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1179/1521538512Z.0000000002|journal=Twentieth-Century China|language=en|volume=37|issue=2|pages=121–138|doi=10.1179/1521538512Z.0000000002|issn=1521-5385}}</ref>{{Reference page|page=121}}

During World War I, the German and Austro-Hungarian garrisons were captured as prisoners of war by Allied Forces; meanwhile, in 1918, the Bolshevik government withdrew the Russian garrison. In 1920, the remaining participating nations asked the United States to join them, and the US then sent the 15th Infantry Regiment, minus one battalion, to Tianjin from the Philippines. thumb|Beining Park, c. 1930 Because of the development of industry, commerce and finance in the city, Tianjin was established as a municipality of China in 1927. From 1930 to 1935, Tianjin was the provincial capital of Hebei; afterwards, it was reestablished as an independent municipality.

Garrison duty was highly regarded by the troops. General George C. Marshall, the "architect of victory" in World War II, during which he was the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, served in Tianjin in the 1920s as the Executive Officer of the 15th Infantry. The US withdrew the infantry unit in 1938, but the nation's presence was maintained by the dispatch of a small US Marine Corps unit from the Embassy Guard at Beijing.

thumb|Asahi Street (now Heping Road) in 1939 Tianjin flood

===Second Sino-Japanese War=== On July 30, 1937, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, Tianjin fell to Japan, but was not entirely occupied, as the Japanese generally respected foreign concessions until 1941, when American and British concessions were occupied. In the summer of 1939, the Tientsin Incident damaged Anglo-Japanese relations. On June 14, 1939, the Imperial Japanese Army surrounded and blockaded a British concession due to the refusal of British authorities to transfer six Chinese people, who had assassinated a Japanese collaborator and taken refuge in the British concession, to be under Japan's authority. For a time, the events of 1939 appeared likely to cause an Anglo-Japanese war, especially when reports of the Japanese Army mistreating British subjects wishing to leave or enter the concession appeared in British newspapers. The situation ended when British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain was advised by the Royal Navy and the Foreign Office that the only way to force the Japanese to lift the blockade was to send the main British battle fleet to Far Eastern waters, and that given the situation in Europe, it would be inappropriate to send the British fleet out of European waters, thus leading the British to finally turn over the six Chinese people, who were then executed by the Japanese. During the Japanese occupation, Tianjin was ruled by the North China Executive Committee, a puppet state based in Beijing.

On August 9, 1940, all of the British troops in Tianjin were ordered to withdraw. On November 14, 1941, the American Marine unit stationed in Tianjin was ordered to leave, but before it left, the Japanese attacked the United States. The American Marine detachment surrendered to the Japanese on December 8, 1941. Only the Italian and French concessions (the local French officials were loyal to Vichy) were allowed by the Japanese to remain. When Italy signed an armistice with the Allies in September 1943, Japanese troops took the Italian concession, following a battle with its garrison, and the Italian Social Republic formally ceded the concession to Wang Jingwei's Japan-controlled puppet state. Japanese occupation of the city lasted until August 15, 1945, with the surrender of Japan marking the end of World War II.

===After World War II=== thumb|P.R.China's 10th anniversary parade in Tianjin in 1959 In the Pingjin Campaign of the Chinese Civil War, the city was captured after 29 hours of fighting. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) took Tianjin on January 15, 1949.

From 1949 to February 1958, Tianjin was a municipality directly under the control of the central government. In October 1952, Tanggu New Port officially opened its doors, and the first 10,000-ton ferry arrived at Newport Pier. In February 1958, due to the "Great Leap Forward" and the city's industrial foundation, Tianjin was incorporated into Hebei Province, the capital of which was relocated to Tianjin for eight years. During the period, under the coordination of the State Council, the city of Tianjin implemented a separate policy for central planning, which was independent of Hebei Province. However, a number of factories and colleges in Tianjin moved to Hebei, hindering Tianjin's economic development. In January 1967, due to preparation and concerns that Tianjin would become a battlefield, Hebei Province repatriated its provincial capital to Baoding, and the CCP Central Committee decided that Tianjin should be restored to the central municipality and remain so. In April 1970, since the central government had applied for funding for the construction of the subway, the Tianjin Municipal Government decided to raise funds on its own to establish the project using the name of the channel and by build it on the basis of the old walled river. In July 1973, five counties, including Jixian, Baodi, Wuqing, Jinghai, and Ninghe, were formally placed under the jurisdiction of Tianjin.

On July 28, 1976, during the 7.6 magnitude Tangshan Earthquake, Tianjin was affected by shock waves and experienced a loss of life. In the city, 24,345 people died and 21,497 were seriously injured. 60% of the city's buildings were destroyed and more than 30% of the enterprises and Peking Port Reservoir and Yuqiao Reservoir were seriously damaged. Nearly 700,000 people were left homeless. On October 10 of the same year, the Tianjin Underground Railway was opened to traffic. In 1981, Miyun Reservoir was built on the upper reaches of the Hai River; it is now used to supply water for Beijing; however; the reservoir stopped the river from supplying water to Tianjin, resulting in difficulty with water usage in the city. As a result, during 1976, the State Council of the People's Republic of China decided to initiate a project to solve the problem of water usage in Tianjin by attracting individuals to the city's academic centers.

thumb|Monument of TEDA In 1984, during the beginning of the Chinese government's economic reforms, Tianjin was listed as one of the 14 coastal open cities by the State Council and the Tianjin Development Zone's economy began to develop. However, the overall speed of development in Tianjin is still slower than that of special economic zones and that of other southeast coastal areas. In 1994, Tianjin began its industrial shift towards the east and developed the Binhai New Area, with the Tianjin Port as its core. In October 2005, the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CCP Central Committee convened; its meeting decided to incorporate the development and opening of the Binhai New Area into its Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the national development strategy. In March 2006, the State Council executive meeting positioned Tianjin as an "international port city, a northern economic center, and an ecological city." Since then, the dispute between the Beijing-Tianjin economic center at the policy level has come to an end. In May 2006, the State Council approved the Binhai New Area as a national integrated reform pilot area. In June of the same year, the State Council's Opinions on Promoting the Development and Opening of the Tianjin Binhai New Area were announced; they stated the following: "In financial enterprises, financial services, financial markets, and finance Major reforms such as opening up can, in principle, be scheduled to precede the Tianjin Binhai New Area." [[File:京津城际铁路-天津北站.jpg|thumb| Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway]] In August 2008, China's first high-speed railway, the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway, which has a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, was opened. In August 2008, Tianjin was the co-host city of the 29th Olympic Games. In September 2008, the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum (also called Summer Davos) began to be established in Tianjin; it is now held every two years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/business/222969.htm |title=World Economic Forum: The Inaugural Annual Meeting of the New Champions |publisher=China.org |access-date=August 29, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923232350/http://www.china.org.cn/english/business/222969.htm |archive-date=September 23, 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October 2010, the UN Climate Change Conference convened in Tianjin.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/04/china.climate.talks/index.html?hpt=T2 |title=Global climate talks kick off in China |publisher=CNN |access-date=March 15, 2011 |date=October 4, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108184048/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/10/04/china.climate.talks/index.html?hpt=T2 |archive-date=November 8, 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2012, the Tianjin Metro Lines 2, 3, and 9 were completed and open to traffic, and Tianjin Rail Transit was formally networked. thumb|left|CBD in Tianjin

In October 2013, Tianjin hosted an international comprehensive event for the first time by hosting the East Asian Games. In 2014, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei was officially incorporated into the national strategy; Tianjin was positioned as the National Advanced Manufacturing R&D Base, Northern International Shipping Core Area, Financial Innovation Operation Demonstration Area, and Reform and Opening-up Preceding Area. In the same year, the first phase of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project was completed, so water availability in Tianjin increased. On February 26, 2015, the Tianjin National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone was formally established. On April 21, the China (Tianjin) Free Trade Pilot Zone was also formally established. On April 27, Jincheng Bank, the first private bank in northern China, officially opened its doors. [[File:2025 SCO Summit - Tianjin Meijiang International Convention and Exhibition Center.jpg|thumb|2025 Tianjin SCO summit]] On August 12, 2015, a fire and explosion occurred in a chemical warehouse in Tianjin Port, causing 173 deaths, hundreds of injuries, and property losses.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-33896292|title=China blasts: Casualties as Tianjin warehouse blows up|work=BBC News|date=August 13, 2015|access-date=June 21, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718135259/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-china-33896292|archive-date=July 18, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The cost to businesses caused by the explosion was estimated to be $9 billion, making it the most expensive supply chain disruption of 2015.

In 2025, Tianjin held the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit.<ref name=":2" />

==Geography== [[File:Urban-Rural Population and Land Area Estimates, v2, 2010 Tianjin, China (13873741565).jpg|thumb|Population density and low elevation coastal zones in the Tianjin area. Tianjin is particularly vulnerable to sea level rise.]] thumb|left|Tianjin (labeled as T'IEN-CHING (TIENTSIN) 天津) (1955) [[File:Hai River Basin EN.svg|thumb|left|Map of the Hai River Basin|237x237px]] [[File:天津夜景航拍20110419.JPG|thumb|2011 satellite image of Tianjin. The city center is on the left, while the smaller urban area to the right is the Binhai New Area.]] thumb|Hai River in 2011

Tianjin is located on the west coast of the Bohai Gulf; the provinces of Shandong and Liaoning are located across those waters. The city is bordered by Beijing, which is {{convert|120|km|sp=us}} to the northwest. Tianjin is surrounded on all sides by Hebei, with the exception of its eastern border, which is the Bohai Sea. With a latitude ranging from 38° 34' to 40° 15' N and a longitude ranging from 116° 43' to 118° 04' E, the total area of the city is {{convert|11,860.63|km2|sqmi|2||sp=us}}.

The city has {{convert|153|km|abbr=on}} of coastline and {{convert|1,137.48|km|mi|2||sp=us}} of land border.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://cn.chinagate.cn/ECONOMIC/2007-11/30/content_9328447.htm |script-title = zh:天津地理位置、行政区划、人口民族概况 |publisher = Chinagate |language = zh-hans |date = November 30, 2007 |access-date = July 17, 2012 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120626034054/http://cn.chinagate.cn/ECONOMIC/2007-11/30/content_9328447.htm |archive-date = June 26, 2012 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref> It is located at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China, which connects with the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. The municipality is generally flat and is swampy near the coast; however, it has hills in the north, where the Yan Mountains enter Tianjin. Tidal flats occur on the coastal plain adjacent to the city.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Murray |first1=N.J. |last2=Clemens |first2=R.S. |last3=Phinn |first3=S.R. |last4=Possingham |first4=H.P. |last5=Fuller |first5=R.A. |title=Tracking the rapid loss of tidal wetlands in the Yellow Sea |journal=Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment |date=2014 |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=267–272 |doi=10.1890/130260 |bibcode=2014FrEE...12..267M |url=https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |access-date=October 26, 2021 |archive-date=December 7, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207073933/https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/60169/1/130260.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The highest point in the municipality is Jiuding Peak ({{lang|zh-hans|九顶山}}) in Ji County on the northern border with Hebei; the mountain has an altitude of {{convert|1078.5|m|abbr=on}}.

In the Tianjin Municipality, the Hai River forms at the confluence of the Ziya River ({{lang|zh|子牙河}}), Daqing River ({{lang|zh|大清河}}), Yongding River, North Grand Canal, and South Grand Canal; it enters the Pacific Ocean within the municipality as well as in Tanggu District. Reservoirs include the Beidagang Reservoir in the south (in Dagang District) and the Yuqiao Reservoir in the north in Ji County.

===Climate=== Tianjin has a semi-arid climate (using the Köppen system, the city has a ''BSk'' climate bordering on ''Dwa'' and ''Cwa''). As in other areas of East Asia, the city has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate; it also has cold, windy, and dry winters due to the Siberian anticyclone and hot, humid summers due to the monsoon season. Spring in the city is dry and windy; the season sometimes consists of sandstorms blowing in from the Gobi Desert, which are capable of lasting for several days. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from {{convert|−2.8|°C|1}} in January to {{convert|27.2|°C|1}} in July, with an annual mean of {{convert|13.3|°C|1}}. Extreme temperatures in the city at the main weather station in Xiqing District have ranged from {{convert|−22.9|°C|0}} to {{convert|41.1|°C|0}}.<ref name="Extremes">{{cite web |title=Extreme Temperatures Around the World |url=http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804202145/http://www.mherrera.org/temp.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2014 |access-date=August 28, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> With the monthly percentage of the possible amount of sunshine ranging from 45% in July to 61% in March and April, the city receives 2,460 hours of sunshine annually. Having an annual total precipitation of {{convert|521|mm|sp=us}}, with nearly three-fifths of it occurring in July and August alone, the city lies within the semi-arid climate zone, although parts of the municipality are humid continental (Köppen ''BSk''/''Dwa'', respectively).<ref>Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). [//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Asia_K%C3%B6ppen_Map.png "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification"]. ''Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.'' 11: 1633–1644.</ref>

{{Weather box | width = auto | location = Tianjin (Dongli District), elevation {{convert|2|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) | metric first = Y | single line = Y | collapsed = | Jan record high C = 14.3 | Feb record high C = 20.8 | Mar record high C = 30.5 | Apr record high C = 33.1 | May record high C = 40.5 | Jun record high C = 40.6 | Jul record high C = 40.5 | Aug record high C = 37.4 | Sep record high C = 34.9 | Oct record high C = 30.8 | Nov record high C = 23.1 | Dec record high C = 14.4 | Jan high C = 2.1 | Feb high C = 5.8 | Mar high C = 12.8 | Apr high C = 20.8 | May high C = 26.8 | Jun high C = 30.2 | Jul high C = 31.6 | Aug high C = 30.7 | Sep high C = 26.9 | Oct high C = 19.8 | Nov high C = 10.7 | Dec high C = 3.7 | Jan mean C = −2.8 | Feb mean C = 0.4 | Mar mean C = 7.0 | Apr mean C = 14.8 | May mean C = 21.0 | Jun mean C = 25.0 | Jul mean C = 27.2 | Aug mean C = 26.3 | Sep mean C = 21.7 | Oct mean C = 14.3 | Nov mean C = 5.7 | Dec mean C = −0.9 | Jan low C = −6.5 | Feb low C = −3.7 | Mar low C = 2.4 | Apr low C = 9.6 | May low C = 15.8 | Jun low C = 20.6 | Jul low C = 23.6 | Aug low C = 22.7 | Sep low C = 17.4 | Oct low C = 9.9 | Nov low C = 1.8 | Dec low C = -4.3 | Jan record low C = −18.1 | Feb record low C = −22.9 | Mar record low C = −17.7 | Apr record low C = −2.8 | May record low C = 4.5 | Jun record low C = 10.1 | Jul record low C = 16.2 | Aug record low C = 13.7 | Sep record low C = 6.2 | Oct record low C = −2.2 | Nov record low C = −11.7 | Dec record low C = −17.9 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 2.6 | Feb precipitation mm = 6.0 | Mar precipitation mm = 6.1 | Apr precipitation mm = 22.8 | May precipitation mm = 37.7 | Jun precipitation mm = 78.0 | Jul precipitation mm = 141.2 | Aug precipitation mm = 122.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 54.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 32.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 13.5 | Dec precipitation mm = 3.1 | Jan humidity = 54 | Feb humidity = 54 | Mar humidity = 49 | Apr humidity = 48 | May humidity = 53 | Jun humidity = 64 | Jul humidity = 73 | Aug humidity = 75 | Sep humidity = 67 | Oct humidity = 62 | Nov humidity = 60 | Dec humidity = 56 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 1.3 | Feb precipitation days = 2.3 | Mar precipitation days = 2.5 | Apr precipitation days = 4.5 | May precipitation days = 6.2 | Jun precipitation days = 9.0 | Jul precipitation days = 11.1 | Aug precipitation days = 9.8 | Sep precipitation days = 6.4 | Oct precipitation days = 4.8 | Nov precipitation days = 3.0 | Dec precipitation days = 2.0 | Jan sun = 167.6 | Jan percentsun = 55 | Feb sun = 175.9 | Feb percentsun = 58 | Mar sun = 227.7 | Mar percentsun = 61 | Apr sun = 243.8 | Apr percentsun = 61 | May sun = 267.8 | May percentsun = 60 | Jun sun = 233.9 | Jun percentsun = 53 | Jul sun = 202.2 | Jul percentsun = 45 | Aug sun = 203.3 | Aug percentsun = 49 | Sep sun = 212.3 | Sep percentsun = 58 | Oct sun = 199.8 | Oct percentsun = 59 | Nov sun = 165.2 | Nov percentsun = 55 | Dec sun = 160.9 | Dec percentsun = 55 | source 1 = China Meteorological Administration<ref name="arcgis1">{{cite web |url = https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title = zh:CMA台站气候标准值(1991-2020) |publisher = China Meteorological Administration |language = zh |access-date = 2023-04-11 |title = Experience Template |archive-date = April 4, 2023 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230404092524/https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |url-status = live }}</ref><ref name=CMA>{{cite web|url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |script-title=zh:中国气象局国家气象信息中心 |publisher=China Meteorological Administration | language = zh-hans |access-date=November 20, 2010 |date=June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710164442/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/dataSetLogger.do?changeFlag=dataLogger |archive-date=July 10, 2014 }}</ref><ref name="cma graphical">{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=China Meteorological Administration |access-date=November 9, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180905194950/http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |archive-date=September 5, 2018 |url-status=dead |title=Index }}</ref> | source = }}

===Measures to improve air quality=== In May 2014, the city's administration enacted new laws in an attempt to lower the city's pollution levels. These measures included several methods to restrict pollution on days when is severe, such as by halving the number of vehicles allowed on roads, halting construction and manufacturing activity, closing schools, and halting large-scale outdoor activities.<ref name = "Pollution" > {{cite web | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-china-pollution-idUSKBN0DZ19O20140519 | title = China's Tianjin to restrict vehicle use to curb pollution | website = Reuters | access-date = October 14, 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924200958/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/19/uk-china-pollution-idUSKBN0DZ19O20140519 | archive-date = September 24, 2015 | url-status = live | df = mdy-all }} </ref> {{Clear}} In the past, flights have also been grounded and highways have been closed.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pollution-tianjin-idUSKBN1470C4|title=Highways shut, flights grounded as smog blankets China's Tianjin|newspaper=Reuters|date=December 18, 2016|access-date=October 4, 2021|archive-date=October 4, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004134600/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-pollution-tianjin-idUSKBN1470C4|url-status=live}}</ref>

Foreign-born professional sportsmen have made statements regarding Tianjin's air quality, citing it as an impediment to athletic activity and being thick enough to "taste".<ref name="Pollution and sports">{{cite web |url = http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/paartalu-airs-player-concerns-about-smoggy-china |title = Paartalu Airs Player Concerns about Smoggy China |access-date = October 14, 2010 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141027013835/http://www.fourfourtwo.com/au/news/paartalu-airs-player-concerns-about-smoggy-china |archive-date = October 27, 2014 |url-status = dead |df = mdy-all }}</ref> {{Clear}}

==Administrative divisions== {{Main|List of administrative divisions of Tianjin|List of township-level divisions of Tianjin}}

Tianjin is divided into 16 county-level divisions, which are all districts.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center" |- |+Administrative divisions of Tianjin |- | colspan="15" | <div style="position: relative" class="center"> {{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Tianjin.png|link=}} {{Image label|x=143|y=372|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Heping'''}}}} {{Image label|x=180|y=390|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Hexi'''}}}} {{Image label|x=180|y=355|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Hebei'''}}}} {{Image label|x=132|y=383|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Nankai'''}}}} {{Image label|x=190|y=375|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Hedong'''}}}} {{Image label|x=120|y=355|scale=410/410|text={{small|'''Hongqiao'''}}}} {{Image label|x=200|y=100|scale=410/410|text='''Jizhou'''}} {{Image label|x=210|y=220|scale=410/410|text='''Baodi'''}} {{Image label|x=265|y=300|scale=410/410|text='''Ninghe'''}} {{Image label|x=270|y=430|scale=410/410|text='''Binhai'''}} {{Image label|x=210|y=365|scale=410/410|text='''Dongli'''}} {{Image label|x=210|y=425|scale=410/410|text='''Jinnan'''}} {{Image label|x=135|y=400|scale=410/410|text='''Xiqing'''}} {{Image label|x=150|y=325|scale=410/410|text='''Beichen'''}} {{Image label|x=115|y=270|scale=410/410|text='''Wuqing'''}} {{Image label|x=090|y=460|scale=410/410|text='''Jinghai'''}} {{Image label end}} </div> |- !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division code<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407065847/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjbz/cxfldm/2011/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 7, 2012 |script-title=zh:国家统计局统计用区划代码 |publisher=National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China}}</ref> !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Division !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Area in km2<ref>{{lang|zh-hans|《保定经济统计年鉴2011》}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2018}} !! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Total population 2010<ref>{{cite book | author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料 |date=2012|publisher=China Statistics Print |location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}</ref> !! scope="col" rowspan=2 |Urban area population 2010<ref name="2010PRCcensus">{{cite book |author=国务院人口普查办公室、国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司编 |date=2012 |script-title=zh:中国2010年人口普查分县资料 |location=Beijing |publisher=China Statistics Print |isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6 }}</ref> !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Seat !! scope="col" rowspan="2" | Postal code !! scope="col" colspan="7" | Subdivisions<ref>{{lang|zh-hans|《中国民政统计年鉴2012》}}</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2018}} |- !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Subdistricts !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Towns !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Townships !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Ethnic townships !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Residential communities !! scope="col" style="width:45px;"| Villages |- ! 120000 !! Tianjin | 11,760.00 || 12,938,693 || 10,277,893 || Hexi || 300000 || 112 || 118 || 10 || 1 || 1723 || 3762 |- ! 120101 !! Heping | 9.97 ||colspan="2"| 273,477 || Xiaobailou Subdistrict || 300041 || 6 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 63 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120102 !! Hedong | 15.06 ||colspan="2"| 860,852 || Dawangzhuang Subdistrict || 300171 || 13 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 158 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120103 !! Hexi | 41.24 ||colspan="2"| 870,632 || Dayingmen Subdistrict || 300202 || 13 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 171 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120104 !! Nankai | 40.64 ||colspan="2"| 1,018,196 || Changhong Subdistrict || 300110 || 12 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 180 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120105 !! Hebei | 29.14 ||colspan="2"| 788,451 || Wanghailou Subdistrict || 300143 || 10 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 109 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120106 !! Hongqiao | 21.30 ||colspan="2"| 531,526 || Xiyuzhuang Subdistrict || 300131 || 10 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 196 || style="background:gray;"| |- ! 120110 !! Dongli | 460.00 || 598,966 || 591,040 || Zhangguizhuang Subdistrict || 300300 || 9 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 90 || 102 |- ! 120111 !! Xiqing | 545.00 || 713,060 || 524,894 || Yangliuqing town || 300380 || 2 || 7 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 106 || 151 |- ! 120112 !! Jinnan | 401.00 || 593,063 || 590,072 || Xianshuigu town || 300350 || style="background:gray;"| || 8 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 68 || 165 |- ! 120113 !! Beichen | 478.00 || 669,121 || 575,103 || Guoyuanxincun Subdistrict|| 300400 || 5 || 9 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 115 || 126 |- ! 120114 !! Wuqing | 1,570.00 || 951,078 || 352,659 || Yunhexi Subdistrict|| 301700 || 6 || 24 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 64 || 695 |- ! 120115 !! Baodi | 1,523.00 || 799,157 || 271,992 || Baoping Subdistrict|| 301800 || 6 || 16 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 37 || 765 |- ! 120116 !! Binhai | 2,270.00 || 2,423,204 || 2,313,361 || Xingang Subdistrict|| 300451 || 19 || 7 || style="background:gray;"| || style="background:gray;"| || 254 || 144 |- ! 120117 !! Ninghe | 1,414.00 || 416,143 || 152,388 || Lutai town || 301500 || style="background:gray;"| || 11 || 3 || style="background:gray;"| || 34 || 282 |- ! 120118 !! Jinghai | 1,476.00 || 646,978 || 293,014 || Jinghai town || 301600 || style="background:gray;"| || 16 || 2 || style="background:gray;"| || 46 || 383 |- ! 120119 !! Jizhou | 1,590.00 || 784,789 || 270,236 || Wenchang Subdistrict || 301900 || 1 || 20 || 5 || 1 || 32 || 949 |} {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:1em auto 1em auto; text-align:center" ! colspan="5" | Divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations |- ! English ! Chinese ! Pinyin |- ! Tianjin Municipality | {{lang|zh-hans|天津市}} | Tiānjīn Shì |- ! Heping District | {{lang|zh-hans|和平区}} | Hépíng Qū |- ! Hedong District | {{lang|zh-hans|河东区}} | Hédōng Qū |- ! Hexi District | {{lang|zh-hans|河西区}} | Héxī Qū |- ! Nankai District | {{lang|zh-hans|南开区}} | Nánkāi Qū |- ! Hebei District | {{lang|zh-hans|河北区}} | Héběi Qū |- ! Hongqiao District | {{lang|zh-hans|红桥区}} | Hōngqiáo Qū |- ! Dongli District | {{lang|zh-hans|东丽区}} | Dōnglì Qū |- ! Xiqing District | {{lang|zh-hans|西青区}} | Xīqīng Qū |- ! Jinnan District | {{lang|zh-hans|津南区}} | Jīnnán Qū |- ! Beichen District | {{lang|zh-hans|北辰区}} | Běichén Qū |- ! Wuqing District | {{lang|zh-hans|武清区}} | Wǔqīng Qū |- ! Baodi District | {{lang|zh-hans|宝坻区}} | Bǎodǐ Qū |- ! Binhai New Area | {{lang|zh-hans|滨海新区}} | Bīnhǎi Xīnqū |- ! Ninghe District | {{lang|zh-hans|宁河区}} | Nínghé Qū |- ! Jinghai District | {{lang|zh-hans|静海区}} | Jìnghǎi Qū |- ! Jizhou District | {{lang|zh-hans|蓟州区}} | Jìzhōu Qū |} [[File:Tianjin konggangwuliu.JPG|thumb|right|Airport Industrial Park, Dongli District]]

The Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA) is not a formal level of administration, but has rights similar to those of a regular district. At the end of 2017, the total population of Tianjin was 15.57 million.[http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm]

As of December 31, 2004, these districts and counties have been further subdivided into 240 township-level divisions, including 120 towns, 18 townships, 2 ethnic townships and 100 subdistricts.

The "Haibe Industrial Heritage Corridor" is an urban regeneration project that integrates several decommissioned factory sites along the Haibe River. It transforms these historical structures into interconnected public spaces, art galleries, and design studios, creating a linear landscape that narrates Tianjin's industrial past.<ref>{{cite web |title=天津市规资局关于海河工业遗产景观带的规划公示 |url=http://ghhzrzy.tj.gov.cn/ |website=天津市规划和自然资源局 |access-date=2023-10-26}}</ref>

==Politics== {{Main|Politics of Tianjin|List of current Chinese provincial leaders}}

Like all governing institutions in mainland China, Tianjin has a parallel party-government system,<ref name="PoliticalSystem2">{{cite web |last1=Lawrence |first1=Susan |last2=Martin |first2=Michael |date=20 March 2013 |title=Understanding China's Political System |url=https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120108131300/http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41007.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2012 |access-date=28 September 2019 |website=Federation of American Scientists |publisher=Congressional Research Service}}</ref> in which the CCP Tianjin Municipal Committee Secretary outranks the Mayor.<ref>{{cite news |date=23 January 2007 |script-title=zh:党委书记权力究竟有多大？ |trans-title=How much power does a Party Secretary really have? |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/30178/5316277.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180702211524/http://politics.people.com.cn/GB/30178/5316277.html |archive-date=2 July 2018 |access-date=29 April 2018 |publisher=People's Daily Press |language=zh-cn |script-work=zh:人民论坛}}</ref> The CCP Tianjin Municipal Committee acts as the top policy-formulation body, and has control over the Tianjin Municipal People's Government.

== Economy == {{See also|Industry in Tianjin}} [[File:Wen Jiabao - Annual Meeting of the New Champions Tianjin 2010.jpg|thumb|Then-Premier Wen Jiabao, himself a Tianjin native, and Klaus Schwab at the Annual Meeting of the New Champions of World Economic Forum in Tianjin, 2010]] [[File:天津周大福金融中心北1.jpg|thumb|right|upright|Tianjin CTF Finance Centre]]

{| class="wikitable" |- ! Skyscrapers in Tianjin || Meters || Feet |- | Goldin Finance 117 || 597 || 1,958.66 |- |Tianjin CTF Finance Centre |530 |1,738.85 |- |Tianjin Modern City Office Tower |338 |1,108.92 |- | Tianjin World Financial Center|| 337 || 1,105.32 |- |TEDA IFC 1 |313 |1,026.9 |- |Jin Wan Plaza 9 |300 |984.25 |- | Yujiapu Yinglan International Finance Center || 299.45 || 982.45 |- | Powerlong Center Tower 1 || 289 || 948.16 |- | Bohai Bank Tower || 270 || 885.83 |- |Financial Street Heping Center |263 |862.86 |- |Century Metropolitan Mall |258 |846.46 |- |Tianjin China Life Financial Center |251 |823.49 |} Industries include petrochemical industries, textiles, car manufacturing, mechanical industries, and metalworking. EADS Airbus is one of the manufacturers in the city, and has opened an assembly plant for its Airbus A320 series airliners; the plant has been operational since 2009. As of 2010, the fastest supercomputer in the world, Tianhe-1A, has been located at the National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin. The city's GDP in 2009 was ¥750.1 billion, with a GDP per capita of RMB ¥62,403.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area === [[File:天津滨海新区泰达金融街2.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area]] As one of the first state-level economic and technological development zones, the Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA) was founded on December 6, 1984, with the approval of the State Council. It is given state preferential policies with the task of attracting domestic and foreign investment to develop new technology-oriented modern industries. As an affiliated organization of the Tianjin Municipal Government, the Administrative Commission of Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area exercises unified administration of TEDA on behalf of the Tianjin Municipal Government and has provincial-level administrative and economic management rights.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Tianjin Export Processing Zone === The Tianjin Export Processing Zone is one of the first 15 export processing zones approved by the State Council, having been approved on April 27, 2000. This area is a special enclosed zone. where Customs officials conduct constant administration for commodities transported into and out of the zone. The central government granted the special economic zone preferential policies to attract enterprises in the business of processing and trade to invest in the zone. The Tianjin Export Processing Zone is located to the northeast of TEDA and has a planned area of {{convert|2.54|km2|abbr=on}}. The area developed in the first phase is {{Convert|1|m2|sqft|abbr=|sp=us}} wide. A permanent wall is built to separate the export processing and non-export processing zones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-export-processing-zone/ |title=Tianjin Export Processing Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515061608/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-export-processing-zone |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Tianjin Airport Economic Area === The Tianjin Airport International Logistics Zone is jointly invested by the Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone and Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It is located inside the airfreight area of Tianjin Binhai International Airport. It has domestic and foreign airfreight logistics enterprises engaged in sorting, warehousing, distribution, processing, and exhibition. It is in the process of constructing the largest airfreight base in northern China.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-airport-international-logistics-zone/ |title=Tianjin Airport International Logistics Zone |publisher=RightSite.asia |access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515061603/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-airport-international-logistics-zone |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone === [[File:At an Electric Car Factory in Tianjin, China.jpg|left|thumb|US Congresswoman Nancy Pelosi visiting a Tianjin Qingyuan Electric Vehicle factory in 2009]] The Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone is the only free trade zone in northern China. The zone was approved for establishment in 1991 by State Council. It is {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from Tianjin city proper, less than {{convert|1|km|abbr=on}} away from the wharf,{{Clarification needed|reason=Which port?|date=February 2024}} and {{convert|38|km|abbr=on}} away from Tianjin Binhai International Airport.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-port-free-trade-zone/ |title=Tianjin Port Free Trade Zone |publisher=Rightsite.asia |access-date=December 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515061615/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-port-free-trade-zone |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Tianjin Tanggu National Marine High-Tech Development Area === The Tianjin Tanggu Marine High-Tech Development Area was established in 1992 and was upgraded to the national-level high-tech development area by the State Council in 1995. It is the only national-level high-tech development area specializing in developing the marine technology industry. By the end of 2008, the zone had 2,068 corporations and 5 industries there, including those for new materials, oil manufacturing, modern machinery manufacturing, and electronic information.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-tanggu-national-marine-high-tech-development-area/ |title=Tianjin Tanggu National Marine High-Tech Development Area |publisher=Rightsite.asia |access-date=December 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100515061622/http://rightsite.asia/en/industrial-zone/tianjin-tanggu-national-marine-high-tech-development-area |archive-date=May 15, 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone === The Tianjin Nangang Industrial Zone is a heavy and chemical industry base and harbor, a part of the"dual-city, dual-harbor" space development strategy of Tianjin, and a zone with a circular economy. The total planned area of Nangang Industrial Zone is {{convert|200|km2|abbr=on}}, of which the terrestrial area is {{convert|162|km2|abbr=on}}.{{citation needed|date=June 2021}}

=== Agriculture === Farmland takes up about 40% of Tianjin Municipality's total area. Wheat, rice, and maize are the most economically important crops.

=== Resources === {{clarify span|text=Tianjin Municipality has deposits of about 1 billion tonnes of petroleum, with Dagang District containing oilfields. Salt production is also one of the city's industries, with Changlu Yanqu being one of China's salt production areas.|date=June 2021}} Geothermal energy is another resource of Tianjin. Deposits of manganese and boron under Tianjin were the first to be found in China.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=曹诗瑶 |last2=武秋池 |last3=闫小琴 |last4=纪箴 |last5=曹林 |date=2020-07-01 |title=纳米锰方硼石的合成与结构性能表征 |url=http://cje.ustb.edu.cn/cn/article/doi/10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.02.19.001 |journal=工程科学学报 |language=zh |volume=42 |issue=7 |pages=869–874 |doi=10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.02.19.001 |issn=2095-9389}}</ref>

=== Utilities and services ===

[https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/company/RSAJVZ:CH Tianjin Electric Power Utility] constructs, delivers and maintains electrical power services.

=== Binhai New Area === thumb|left|Binhai New Area The Tianjin Binhai New Area (TBNA) is located at the juncture of the Beijing-Tianjin City Belt and the Circum-Bohai City Belt. It is the gateway to North China, Northeast China, and Northwest China. Lying in the center of Northeast Asia, it is the nearest point of departure of the Eurasian Continental Bridge.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.binhai.gov.cn/english/overview |title=Overview of Binhai New Area |publisher=Tianjin Binhai New Area Government |access-date=2025-10-01 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

==Demographics== {{Historical populations |type=China |1953|2693831 |1982|7764141 |1990|8785402 |2000|9848731 |2010|12938224 |2020|13866009 |footnote = Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions. |}} At the end of 2009, the population of Tianjin Municipality was 12.28 million, of which 9.8 million owned and lived in Tianjin ''hukou'' (permanent residences). Among permanent residents of Tianjin, 5.99 million lived in urban areas, while 3.81 million lived in rural ones.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url-status=dead|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/was40/gjtjj_detail.jsp?channelid=4362&record=6 |script-title=zh:第二次湖南R＆D资源清查主要数据公报（第四号） |publisher=Stats.gov.cn |date=February 21, 2011 |access-date=March 15, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110927043811/http://www.stats.gov.cn/was40/gjtjj_detail.jsp?channelid=4362&record=6|archive-date=September 27, 2011 }}</ref> Tianjin has recently shifted to population growth; its population had reached 14.72 million as of the end of 2013.<ref>{{cite web |language=zh-hans |url=http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2014/07/11/012008269.shtml |script-title=zh:天津市年末总人口控制在1535万人以下-新闻中心-北方网 |work=enorth.com.cn |access-date=July 28, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808214658/http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2014/07/11/012008269.shtml |archive-date=August 8, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The encompassing metropolitan area was estimated by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) to have, {{As of|2010|lc=y}}, a population of 15.4 million.<ref>{{cite news|last=Crabtree |first1=Justina |title=A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html|work=CNBC|date=September 20, 2016|quote=slide 9|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044105/https://www.cnbc.com/2016/09/20/biggest-megacities-in-china.html|archive-date=December 9, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="oecd2015">{{cite book|doi=10.1787/9789264230040-en|title=OECD Urban Policy Reviews: China 2015, OECD READ edition|url=http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|publisher=OECD|page=37|via=OECD iLibrary|language=en|date=April 18, 2015|issn=2306-9341|isbn=9789264230033|access-date=December 8, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327210032/http://www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/urban-rural-and-regional-development/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015_9789264230040-en#page39|archive-date=March 27, 2017|url-status=live}}Linked from the OECD [http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm here] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171209044027/http://www.oecd.org/china/oecd-urban-policy-reviews-china-2015-9789264230040-en.htm |date=December 9, 2017 }}</ref>

The majority of Tianjin residents are Han Chinese. People from 51 out of the 55 minor Chinese ethnic groups live in Tianjin. Minorities with higher populations in the city include Hui, Korean, Manchu, and Mongol people.

{| class="wikitable" |- ! style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Ethnic groups in Tianjin, 2000 census |- ! Ethnicity !! Population !! Percentage |- | Han || 9,581,775 || 97.29% |- | Hui || 172,357 || 1.75% |- | Manchu || 56,548 || 0.57% |- | Mongols || 11,331 || 0.12% |- | Korean || 11,041 || 0.11% |- | Zhuang || 4,055 || 0.041% |- | Tujia || 3,677 || 0.037% |}

The graph above excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.<ref>{{cite book |author=National Bureau of Population and Social Science and Technology Statistics Division of China (国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司) |author2=Department of Economic Development of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission of China (国家民族事务委员会经济发展司) |trans-title=Tabulation on Nationalities of 2000 Population Census of China |script-title=zh:《2000年人口普查中國民族人口資料》  |location=Beijing |publisher=Nationalities Publishing House |year=2003}}</ref>

==Media== [[File:天津广播电视塔1.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Radio and Television Tower]] Tianjin People's Broadcasting Station is a radio station in Tianjin. Broadcasting for nine channels, it serves most of North China, as well as a part of East and Northeast China, reaching an audience of over 100 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radiotj.com/dtjj/index.htm |script-title=zh:天津人民广播电台 |publisher=Radiotj.com |date=December 22, 2010 |language=zh-hans |access-date=March 15, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070821043749/http://www.radiotj.com/dtjj/index.htm |archive-date=August 21, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tianjin Television, the local television station, broadcasts on nine channels. It also has a paid digital channel, which features home improvement programs.<ref>[http://tjtv.enorth.com.cn/system/2003/10/27/.shtml]{{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} {{in lang|zh}} {{Dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} Both the radio and television stations are now branches of the Tianjin Film, Radio and Television Group, which was established in October 2002.<ref>[http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2002/10/28/.shtml]{{Dead link|date=December 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} {{in lang|zh}} {{Dead link|date=March 2011}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}}

Local newspapers include the Tianjin Daily and Jin Wan Bao ({{Translation|Tonight Newspaper}}), which are the flagship papers of Tianjin Daily Newspaper Group and Jinwan Mass Media Group, respectively. There are also three English-language magazines: ''Jin'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jinmagazine.com.cn/index/ |title=''Jin'' |publisher=Jinmagazine.com.cn |date=August 16, 2011 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716150021/http://www.jinmagazine.com.cn/index/ |archive-date=July 16, 2012 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} ''Tianjin Plus''<ref>{{cite web |author=Tianjin Plus |url=http://www.tianjinplus.com/tjplus/ |title=''Tianjin Plus'' |publisher=Tianjinplus.com |access-date=December 11, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111110093330/http://tianjinplus.com/tjplus/ |archive-date=November 10, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} and ''Business Tianjin'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businesstianjin.com/ |title=''Business Tianjin'' |publisher=Businesstianjin.com |access-date=December 11, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608082653/http://www.businesstianjin.com/ |archive-date=June 8, 2012 }}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} which are mainly directed at expats resident in the city.

===Previous newspapers=== The first German newspaper in northern China, ''Tageblatt für Nordchina'' (also spelled as ''Tageblatt für Nord China''), was published in Tianjin, which was known as ''Tientsin'' at the time.<ref name=Walravens90>Walravens, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&dq=%22Its+contents+covered+politics+and+economy+but+there+were%22&pg=PA90 90] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA90&dq=%22Its+contents+covered+politics+and+economy+but+there+were%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=VYSQUN7PKIji8gSkhYGQAQ&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Its%20contents%20covered%20politics%20and%20economy%20but%20there%20were%22&f=false |date=January 2, 2016 }}.</ref>

In 1912, Tianjin had 17 Chinese-language newspapers and five daily newspapers in other languages. None of the newspapers in the Tianjin district were trade papers. Of the foreign language newspapers, three were in English; the other two were in French and German, respectively. Newspapers from Tianjin published in the city included ''China Critic'', ''Peking and Tientsin Times'', ''The China Times'',<ref name=USFDC187>United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&pg=PA188 p. 187] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i16UUMScH4uC8ASKooGQDQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Tsingtauer%20Neueste%20Nachrichten%22&f=false |date=January 2, 2016 }}.</ref>''Tageblatt für Nordchina'', ''L'Écho de Tientsin'', ''China Tribune'', ''Ta Kung Pao'' (L'Impartial), ''Min Hsing Pao'', and ''Jih Jih Shin Wen Pao'' (Tsientsin Daily News).<ref name=USFDC188>United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, [https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&pg=PA188 p. 188] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=nsANAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA188&dq=%22Tsingtauer+Neueste+Nachrichten%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i16UUMScH4uC8ASKooGQDQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22Tsingtauer%20Neueste%20Nachrichten%22&f=false |date=January 2, 2016 }}.</ref> Newspapers from Beijing published in Tianjin included ''Pei Ching Jih Pao'', ''Peking Daily News'', and ''Le Journal de Peking''.<ref name=USFDC187/>

In 1930, the newspaper ''Deutsch-Mandschurische Nachrichten''<ref name=ChinaManhattan2>{{cite journal|last1=Hille|first1=Kathrin|title=China's 'Manhattan' becomes censorship capital|journal=Financial Times|date=November 4, 2012|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/77b7cde6-24e1-11e2-8924-00144feabdc0|access-date=January 29, 2016|archive-date=May 3, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503160415/https://www.ft.com/content/77b7cde6-24e1-11e2-8924-00144feabdc0|url-status=dead}}</ref> moved from Harbin to Tianjin and changed its name to the ''Deutsch-Chinesische Nachrichten''.<ref name=Walravens91>Walravens, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&dq=%22Hankou+also+had+a+German+paper%22&pg=PA91 91] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160102035918/https://books.google.com/books?id=0F6U82kZXjsC&pg=PA91&dq=%22Hankou+also+had+a+German+paper%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9rCQUKP8EpHa8wTm-YCYBA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22Hankou%20also%20had%20a%20German%20paper%22&f=false |date=January 2, 2016 }}.</ref>

===Censorship capital=== China's leading Internet information providers (which are usually located in Beijing), including social networks Sina Weibo and Douban, as well as the online video website Sohu, have been increasingly relocating their censorship departments to Tianjin, where labor costs are cheaper than in Beijing, as censorship is a type of labor-intensive work. In fact, Tianjin is considered to have become the censorship capital for Chinese Internet.<ref name=ChinaManhattan2/><ref>{{cite journal|title=At Sina Weibo's censorship hub, China's Little Brothers cleanse online chatter|journal=Reuters|date=September 11, 2013|url=http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUKBRE98A18Z20130911?irpc=932|access-date=January 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204065454/http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUKBRE98A18Z20130911?irpc=932|archive-date=February 4, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Tourism== thumb|Crosstalk in Tianjin The city blends nineteenth- and early twentieth-century European architecture with modern Chinese concrete-and-glass structures. While redevelopment continues, much colonial architecture is protected.

In the nineteenth century, Western powers seized the port city after a dispute over a British ship. Armed gunboats defeated Chinese forces, and the Treaty of Tianjin (1856) granted Europeans nine concessions along the Hai River to trade and sell opium. These enclaves were self-contained: the French built châteaus and towers, Germans red-tiled Bavarian villas. Tensions erupted in the Tianjin Incident (1870) at a French orphanage and again during the Boxer Rebellion (1900), when foreigners demolished the old city walls to monitor residents.

The old city was largely demolished in 2000–2001, leaving only a few historic buildings, such as the Tianjin Temple of Confucius.

Today, the former concession streets south and west of the central station and south of the Hai River draw visitors. The French châteaus form the downtown south of the river, British mansions lie east, and further east and south, German-style buildings remain.

=== Scenic Areas === Tianjin contains three national nature reserves. Among them, Baxianshan has largely preserved its original forest ecology due to long-term minimal human interference. The Middle–Upper Yuan Geologic National Nature Reserve in Jizhou District has been recognized by the International Union of Geological Sciences as a standard global stratigraphic section. The Tianjin Ancient Coast and Wetlands National Nature Reserve features three typical shell ridges, clearly documenting the geological evolution from marine retreat to land formation on the Tianjin Plain.<ref name="天津地理">{{Cite book |title=天津地理 |author1=仲小敏 |author2=李兆江 |publisher=北京师范大学出版社 |year=2011 |isbn=9787303122356}}</ref>

In terms of cultural landscapes, Tianjin hosts two World Cultural Heritage sites: the Huangyaguan Great Wall in the northern part of Jizhou District and the Tianjin section of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal. Ancient Culture Street is a national 5A tourist attraction, with the Tianhou Temple as its core structure. It is the oldest existing historical building complex in Tianjin and a significant northern Chinese site representing Mazu culture<ref name="天津地理" />. Additionally, Yangliuqing Town is renowned for Yangliuqing New Year Paintings and has been designated a "China Historical and Cultural Town".

Within the urban area, both banks of the Haihe River feature a mixture of traditional Chinese, European, and modern architecture, gradually forming a distinctive cityscape. The "one bridge, one scene" illuminated nightscape along the Haihe has made the river a famous landmark and a prominent sightseeing destination for international visitors during major events such as the World Economic Forum.

In August 2018, Time ranked the Tianjin Binhai Library in Binhai New Area first on its "World's 100 Greatest Places of 2018" list.

=== Museums and Exhibition Halls ===

Tianjin's museum tradition began during the late Qing reform era<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Early Transformation of Public Museums in Tianjin |date=2018-05-15 |journal=Chinese Museums |issue=2018-02 |author1=Chen Zhuo |author2=Guo Hui}}</ref>. In 1914, the French Jesuit priest and naturalist Émile Licent established the Musée Hoangho Paiho, one of China's earliest museums, which played a key role in paleontology, geology, archaeology, and museology<ref name="天津北疆博物院考实">{{Cite journal |title=A Study on the Beijiang Museum of Tianjin |date=2003-03-30 |journal=Chinese Historical Science and Technology Materials |author1=Fang Jianchang}}</ref>.

Currently, Tianjin has three national first-class museums: Tianjin Museum, Tianjin Natural History Museum, and the Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall. The Tianjin Museum is a comprehensive history and art museum, tracing its origins to the Tianjin Museum established in 1918<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tianjin Museum: From Official Exhibition to Modern Museum |date=2018-06-12 |work=China Cultural Relics News |author1=Song Kexin}}</ref>. The Tianjin Natural History Museum is a large, multidisciplinary natural history museum covering zoology, botany, paleontology, and geology, originating from the Musée Hoangho Paiho<ref>{{Cite journal |title=From Beijiang Museum to Tianjin Natural History Museum |date=2017-08-20 |journal=Fossils |issue=2017-08}}</ref>. The Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall, located at Water Park, commemorates the first Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai and his wife Deng Yingchao, who studied in Tianjin during their youth<ref>{{Cite journal |title=In Memory for Generations: The Opening of Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao Memorial Hall |date=1998-03-05 |journal=Party Building |author1=Wang Hong |author2=Ming Qi}}</ref>.

In May 2019, the National Maritime Museum of China in the Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City opened as China's first national, comprehensive, and public-oriented maritime museum<ref name="寻找设计的起点">{{Cite journal |title=Searching for the Design Origin: China National Maritime Museum |date=2017-02-20 |journal=Architectural Techniques |issue=2017-02 |author1=Ji Yuji}}</ref>. Tianjin also hosts specialized and thematic exhibition halls such as the Tianjin Science and Technology Museum, Tianjin Urban Planning Exhibition Hall, and Pingjin Campaign Memorial Hall, providing cultural and scientific experiences for residents and visitors.

=== Urban and Suburban Parks ===

Since 2008, Tianjin has gradually upgraded city parks and squares, removing entrance fees and making them freely accessible to the public<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tianjin city parks gradually become free |author1=Guo Xiaoying |date=2008-12-30 |newspaper=Daily New Newspaper}}</ref>. Major urban parks include Water Park, Tianjin Zoo, Nancuiping Park, Shuixi Park, Beining Park, Meijiang Park, Ergong Park, Zhongshan Park, Haihe Music Park, Central Park, People's Park, Hedong Park, Five Great Avenues Park, and Xigu Park.<ref name="天津市志·园林志">{{Cite book |title=天津市志·园林志 |publisher=方志出版社 |location=北京 |year=2019 |isbn=9787514439625 |editor=天津市地方志编修委员会办公室 |editor2=天津市市容和园林管理委员会 }}</ref> Beining Park was originally a plantation built in 1906 by the industrialist Zhou Xuexi and was later renamed “Ningyuan” for its motto “Without tranquility, one cannot reach far.” Major parks in Binhai New Area include Haihe Bund Park, Taifeng Park, Ziyun Park, South Embankment Coastal Trail Park, East Embankment Park, Shell Ridge Wetland Park, Aircraft Carrier Park, and Haigang Park. Shuixi Park officially opened in October 2018.

Since 2011, Tianjin has planned and constructed 16 suburban parks in and around the city and Binhai New Area. Compared with urban parks, suburban parks feature more natural landscapes and rural characteristics.<ref name="以河流为载体的带状郊野公园设计方法研究">{{Cite journal |title=以河流为载体的带状郊野公园设计方法研究——以天津市武清区北运河郊野公园为例 |date=2017-11-15 |journal=天津大学学报（社会科学版） |issue=2017年06期 |author1=张雅卓}}</ref> Construction of the Beiyunhe Suburban Park in northern Tianjin and the Xiqing Suburban Park in the southwest began in 2012. By 2014, the 16 suburban parks were incorporated into the ecological redline, with a total core area of 66,855 hectares.<ref name="天津市16个郊野公园纳入生态用地保护红线范围">{{Cite news |title=天津市16个郊野公园纳入生态用地保护红线范围 |author1=于强 |date=2014-01-26 |work=渤海早报}}</ref>

=== Nightscape ===

Tianjin first installed street lighting in 1902. By the 1930s, the city's illuminated streets had earned it the nickname “Northern City That Never Sleeps.” Currently, the city's nightscape is incorporated into specialized urban planning. In the central districts, lighting forms a “fishbone” pattern along the Haihe River and its extended sections (North Canal and South Canal), with the main axis along the Haihe and secondary roads radiating from it. The Haihe nightscape has become a major tourist route and has played an important role in events such as the Summer Davos Forum, the 13th National Games, and the SCO Tianjin Summit.<ref>{{Cite news |title=63 km urban lighting network to debut, dazzling night views available by month-end |author1=Wang Hao |date=2017-07-14 |newspaper=City Express}}</ref>

==Landmarks and attractions== {{See also|Major National Historical and Cultural Sites (Tianjin)}} thumb|Nankai University [[File:The Ritz-Carlton, Tianjin (20200515103110).jpg|thumb|Ritz-Carlton, Tianjin]] thumb|House decorated by more than seven hundred million pieces of ceramic [[File:炫彩津门11Tianjin Eye and Haihe River.jpg|thumb|Luanhe hydraulic engineering monument and Tianjin Eye]] [[File:炫彩津门31Tianjin_Museum.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Museum]] [[File:炫彩津门30天津意大利风情区.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Italian Town]]

* Astor Hotel * Ritz-Carlton, Tianjin * Binjiang Avenue shopping street * Dabei Monastery * Drum Tower * Five Main Avenues * Former Concessions in Tianjin ** Tianjin Italian Style Town * Goldin Finance 117 * Hai River Park * Luzutang Boxer Rebellion Museum * Memorial Hall dedicated to Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao * Nanshi Cuisine Street * People's Park * St. Joseph's Cathedral of Tianjin * Temple of Confucius Wen Miao * Temple of Great Compassion * Century Clock * Tianjin Ancient Culture Street ** Yuhuangge Taoist Temple * Tianjin Eye * Tianjin Museum * Tianjin Library * Tianjin Binhai Library * Tianjin Art Gallery * Tianjin Natural History Museum * Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium (also known as "The Water Drop") * Tianjin Radio and Television Tower * Tianjin Water Park * Tianjin World Financial Center * Tianjin Zoo * Yangliuqing (including Shi Family Grand Courtyard) * Porcelain House * Nankai University * Nankai Middle School * Tianjin University

Sights outside the old city urban core area, but within the municipality (including Binhai/TEDA), consist of the following: * Huangya Pass, a section of the Great Wall of China * Mount Panshan * Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-city * Soviet Aircraft Carrier Kiev * Taku Forts * TEDA Football Stadium, home stadium of Chinese Super League team Tianjin Jinmen Tiger

==Culture== {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = Ancient Culture Street entrance.jpg | caption1 = Ancient Culture Street | image2 = Tianjin lunch of Goubuli.jpg | caption2 = A traditional Tianjin lunch of Goubuli baozi | image3 = Opera at Ancient Culture Street, Tianjin.jpg | caption3 = Traditional opera in Tianjin }}

People from Tianjin speak the Tianjin dialect of Mandarin, from which it is derived. Despite its proximity to Beijing, the Tianjin dialect sounds different from the Beijing dialect, which provides the basis for Putonghua (Standard Chinese).

Tianjin is considered to be a "home base" of Beijing opera, which is a form of Chinese opera. [[File:Tinajin railway station ceiling 0857.JPG|thumb|left|''Jingwei Tries to Fill the Sea'', the dome mural of Tianjin railway station]] Tianjin is known for its stand-up comedy and comedians, including Guo Degang and Ma Sanli. Ma Sanli (1914–2003), an ethnic Hui person and longtime resident of Tianjin, was known for his ''xiangsheng'', a form of Chinese entertainment akin to stand-up comedy. Ma Sanli delivered some of his ''xiangsheng'' in the Tianjin dialect. Tianjin, along with Beijing, is a center for the art of ''xiangsheng''. Tianjin's general style of stand-up also includes the use of rhythmic bamboo clappers (''kuaiban'').<ref>{{cite book|last=McDougall|first=Bonnie S.|title=Popular Chinese literature and performing arts in the People's Republic of China, 1949–1979|year=1984|publisher=University of California Press|page=84}}</ref>

Yangliuqing ({{Translation|Green Willows}}), a town about {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}} west of Tianjin's urban area and the seat of Xiqing District, is known for its Chinese New Year-themed, traditional, and colorful wash paintings ({{lang|zh-hans|杨柳青年画}}). Tianjin is also known for the Zhang clay figurine, a type of colorful figurine depicting a variety of characters, and Tianjin's Wei's kites, which can be folded to a fraction of their full sizes and are noted for portability.

On September 28, 2015, the Juilliard School in Manhattan, New York City announced an expansion into Tianjin during a visit by China's first lady, Peng Liyuan. At the time, the school had plans to offer a master's degree program. The visit was the institution's first full-scale foray outside the United States.<ref name=JuillardTianjin>{{cite news|url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/juilliards-china-plans-move-forward/|title=Juilliard's China Plans Move Forward|author=Michael Cooper|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 28, 2015|access-date=February 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928185723/http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/juilliards-china-plans-move-forward/|archive-date=September 28, 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Cuisine== [[File:煎饼馃子制作过程5.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Jianbing guozi]] Jianbing guozi ({{zh|s=煎饼果子|p=Jiānbǐng guǒzi}}) is a popular Tianjin street food consisting of a thin mung bean flour pancake wrapped around deep-fried dough sticks and flavored with sauces and green onions.In June 2017, the skill of making ''jianbing guozi'' was included in the municipal intangible cultural heritage list in Tianjin,<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Leading 200 science cities {{!}} Nature Index 2023 Science Cities |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122050201/https://www.nature.com/nature-index/supplements/nature-index-2023-science-cities/tables/overall |archive-date=November 22, 2023 |access-date=2023-11-22 |work=Nature |language=en}}</ref> and it is said to be "one of China's most beloved street breakfasts",<ref>{{Cite web |last=网易 |date=15 March 2019 |title=中国"最经典"的5种早餐 |trans-title=China's "most classic" 5 kinds of breakfast |url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/EAAJSU4905485B9O.html |access-date=2023-05-14 |website=www.163.com}}</ref> especially in Tianjin and the neighboring province of Hebei. [[File:2024年3月19日拍摄的锅巴菜.jpg|thumb|Guobacai]]

Guobacai, a traditional Tianjin snack, consists of shredded mung bean pancakes served in a flavorful gravy. It is characterized by its savory sauce, which is typically enriched with toppings like sesame paste and a distinctive fermented bean curd sauce. thumb|Kiessling Restaurant, a Western-style culinary institution founded in Tianjin in 1907

Tianjin cuisine places a focus on seafood, due to Tianjin's proximity to the sea. It can be further classified into several varieties, including rough ({{lang-zh|s=粗|hp=cū|links=no}}), smooth ({{lang-zh|s=细|t=細|hp=xì|links=no}}), and high ({{lang-zh|s=高|hp=gāo|links=no}}) cuisine. Menu options include the Eight Great Bowls ({{lang-zh|s=八大碗|hp=Bādà wǎn|links=no}}), a combination of eight main meat dishes, and the Four Great Stews ({{lang-zh|s=四大扒|hp=sì dà bā|links=no}}), which actually refers to a large number of stews, which may include chicken, duck, seafood, beef, and mutton. thumb|Baozi The four foods that are considered to be delicacies of Tianjin include Goubuli baozi, Guifaxiang Shibajie Mahua ({{lang-zh|s=十八街麻花|hp=shíbā jiē máhuā|links=no}}), Erduoyan Zhagao ({{lang-zh|s=耳朵眼炸糕|hp=erduoyǎn zhà gāo|links=no}}) and Maobuwen Jiaozi ({{lang-zh|s=猫不闻饺子|hp=māo bù wén jiǎozi|links=no}}). Known foods include Caoji donkey meat, Bazhen sheep-leg mutton of Guanshengyuan, Luji Tangmian Zhagao, Baiji Shuijiao, Gaogan of Zhilanzhai, Guobacai of Dafulai, Subao of Shitoumenkan and Xiaobao chestnut. These snacks are available in Nanshi Food Street, which has food from Tianjin.

==Transport{{anchor|Transportation}}== {{Main|Transport in Tianjin}}

The transportation system in Tianjin is considered to be relatively effective, inclusive and sustainable. The city received the Sustainable Transport Award for 2024 due to its efforts to improve and expand non motorized and public transport, as well as to make it accessible. The policy of the city had an impact on policies at the regional and country level and received support from the World Bank (transportation in Tianjin is its biggest investment in this domain). According to a statement of the Institute for Transportation & Development about policy that resulted in the award, "Thus, the city's recent investments into sustainable mobility policy and infrastructure have the potential to serve as a model for the rest of China, as the nation works towards achieving carbon neutrality before 2060."<ref>{{cite news |title=Tianjin China receives 2024 sustainable transport award for walking cycling and public transport improvements |url=https://prwireindia.com/press-release/tianjin-china-receives-2024-sustainable-transport-award-for-walking-cycling-and-public-transport-improvements |access-date=26 January 2024 |agency=PR WIRE India |archive-date=January 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126150415/https://prwireindia.com/press-release/tianjin-china-receives-2024-sustainable-transport-award-for-walking-cycling-and-public-transport-improvements |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=January 8, 2024 |title=Tianjin, China Receives 2024 Sustainable Transport Award for Focus on Cycling and Walking Infrastructure |url=https://www.itdp.org/2024/01/08/tianjin-china-receives-2024-sustainable-transport-award/ |access-date=26 January 2024 |website=Institute for Transportation & Development policy |archive-date=January 26, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240126150416/https://www.itdp.org/2024/01/08/tianjin-china-receives-2024-sustainable-transport-award/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Airport=== [[File:Tianjin_Binhai_International_Airport_201509.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Binhai International Airport Terminal 1 and 2]] Tianjin Binhai International Airport is located in Dongli District and is roughly {{convert|13|km|0|abbr=on}} away from the city's downtown area. Tianjin is also served by the new Beijing Daxing International Airport in Beijing.

===Port of Tianjin=== [[File:SAIC Anji at Tianjin May 2024.png|thumb|The world’s largest clean-energy car carrier in active service makes its first call at The Port of Tianjin.]] The Port of Tianjin is China's largest artificial deep water harbor; its throughput capacity is the fifth largest in the world. Located in the Binhai Economic Zone, a national new economic zone of China, Tianjin Harbor is a port for international cruises visiting the wider area, including Beijing.

===Trams=== [[File:New_Tram_in_Tianjin.jpg|thumb|The TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram is one of the two rubber tire tram systems in Asia.]] {{Main|Trams in Tianjin|TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram}}

Tianjin's harbor area of Binhai/TEDA has a modern, high-speed rubber-tired tram system; it is the first of its kind in China and Asia. Constructed in 2006, the system marked a return of the tram to Tianjin, which once had a standard steel-wheeled tramway network. The original Tianjin tram network was constructed by a Belgian company<ref>{{Cite web |title=Souvenirs de Chine: The story of a Belgian engineer and doctors in China 1898-1908 |url=https://www.ugent.be/vandenhove/en/exhibitions/archive/souvenirs-de-chine-the-story-of-a-belgian-engineer-and-doctors-in-china-1898-1908 |access-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004233116/https://www.ugent.be/vandenhove/en/exhibitions/archive/souvenirs-de-chine-the-story-of-a-belgian-engineer-and-doctors-in-china-1898-1908 |url-status=live }}</ref> in 1904 and opened in 1906. It was the first citywide tramway system in China. It closed in 1972.

===Metro=== [[File:天津地铁陈塘庄站列车.jpg|thumb|The Tianjin Metro near Chentangzhuang station]] The Tianjin Metro was formerly operated by two companies, Tianjin Metro General Corporation and Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Company. However, in 2017, the two companies merged to form the Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation. It is currently under expansion to create five to nine lines.{{citation needed|date=October 2024}} A total of six lines are currently operating in the city and the Binhai area. As of April 2019, the entire network of Tianjin Metro has 155 stations and 6 lines.

Construction work on the Tianjin Metro started on July 4, 1970. It was the second metro to be built in China and commenced service in 1984. The total length of track was {{convert|7.4|km|0|sp=us}}. The metro service was suspended on October 9, 2001, for reconstruction. The original line is now part of Line 1 of the new metro system. It was reopened to the public in June 2006. The track was extended to {{convert|26.2|km|3|abbr=on}};<ref>{{Cite web |title=UrbanRail.Net > Asia > China > TIANJIN (Tientsin) Subway |url=http://www.urbanrail.net/as/cn/tian/tianjin.htm |access-date=October 4, 2021 |archive-date=December 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226135017/http://urbanrail.net/as/cn/tian/tianjin.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> there is now a total of 22 stations. Construction work on Line 2 and Line 3 was completed in 2012; the two lines are now in operation. Several new metro lines have been planned.

The two rapid transit operators in Tianjin are responsible for the service as follows:

* Tianjin Metro General Corporation operates Lines 1, 2, 3 and 6. * Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Company. operates Lines 5 and 9

===Rail=== [[File:Tianjin_Station_03.jpg|thumb|Tianjin railway station]] There are several railway stations in the city, Tianjin railway station being one of them. It was built in 1888. The station was initially located at Wangdaozhuang ({{lang-zh|s=旺道庄|t=旺道莊|hp=Wàngdàozhuāng|links=no}}). The station was later moved to Laolongtou ({{lang-zh|s=老龙头|t=老龍頭|hp=Lǎolóngtóu|links=no}}) on the banks of the Hai He River in 1892; as a result, the station was renamed as Laolongtou Railway Station. The station was completely rebuilt in 1988. The rebuilding work began on April 15, 1987, and was finished on October 1, 1988. The Tianjin Railway Station is also locally known as the 'East Station', due to its geographic position. In January 2007, the station began another long-term restructuring project to modernize the facility as part of the larger Tianjin transport hub project, which involves Tianjin Metro lines 2, 3, and 9, as well as the Tianjin-Beijing High-Speed Rail. [[File:Yujiapu Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Binhai railway station]] Tianjin West railway station and Tianjin North railway station are also railway stations in Tianjin. Tanggu railway station is located in the port area of Tanggu District; Binhai railway station and Binhai North railway station are located to the north of Tanggu in TEDA. There are several other railway stations in the city that do not handle passenger traffic. Construction on a Beijing-Tianjin high-speed railway began on July 4, 2005, and was completed during August 2008.

The following rail lines go through Tianjin:

* Jingshan Railway (travels from Beijing to Shanhai Pass) * Jinpu Railway (travels from Tianjin to Pukou District, Nanjing) * Jinji Railway (travels from the urban area of Tianjin to Ji County, Tianjin) * Jinba Railway (travels from Tianjin to Bazhou, Hebei)

[[File:炫彩津门0天津西站全景Panorama_of_Tianjin_West_Railway_Station.jpg|thumb|Tianjin West railway station]] The inter-city trains between Beijing and Tianjin will adopt a new numbering system using the letter C (C stands for InterCity) followed by four numbers. The train numbers range between C2001 and C2298. The number ranges are divided into three different groups, which provide information about where a train will go:

* C2001–C2198: Directly from Beijing South Station to Tianjin * C2201–C2268: From Beijing South Station to Tianjin, with stops at Wuqing Station (武清站) * C2271–C2298: From Beijing South Station to Yujiapu Railway Station in Tianjin<ref>{{cite web |date=July 31, 2008 |title=New Beijing-Tianjin intercity train numbering system |url=http://www.shike.org.cn/news.asp?nId=3175 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720154522/http://www.shike.org.cn/news.asp?nId=3175 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 |access-date=March 15, 2011 |publisher=Shike.org.cn}}</ref>

The new C trains take 30 minutes to travel between Beijing and Tianjin; the trains make the journey with half the time used by the previous D trains. The ticket price, as of Aug 15, 2008, is 69 RMB for first-class seating and 58 RMB for second-class seating.

===Bus=== thumb|Tianjin Bus Route 678 There were over 900 bus lines in the city {{As of|2005|lc=y}}.<ref>{{cite web |title=天津公交 |url=http://www.tjbus.com/frontpage/index.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100304141924/https://www.tjbus.com/frontpage/index.aspx |archive-date=March 4, 2010 |access-date=January 25, 2010}} Tianjin Bus Company official website. {{in lang|zh}}</ref>

===Roads and expressways=== Some roads and bridges, such as Minquan Gate and Beiyang Road, have retained names given to them while the Republic of China (1912–1949) was in power. As in other cities in China, some roads in Tianjin are named after Chinese provinces and cities. Unlike Beijing, Tianjin has few roads that run parallel to the four cardinal directions.

Tianjin has three ring roads. The Inner and Middle Ring Roads are not closed, traffic-controlled roadways and some often have traffic light intersections. The Outer Ring Road is similar to a highway-level ring road. The road experiences traffic.

* Inner Ring Road ''(neihuan)'' * Middle Ring Road ''(zhonghuan)'' * Outer Ring Road ''(waihuan)''

Tianjin's roads often finish in ''dao'' ({{lang-zh|s=道|l=avenue|links=no}}) and ''xian'' ({{lang-zh|s=线|t=線|l=line|links=no}}). These suffixes are most often used for highways and through routes. The terms ''lu'' ({{lang-zh|s=路|l=road|links=no}}) and j''ie'' ({{lang-zh|s=街|l=street|links=no}}) are not generally used. As Tianjin's roads are tend to not be in cardinal directions, ''jing'' ({{lang-zh|s=经|t=經|l=avenue|links=no}}) roads and ''wei'' ({{lang-zh|s=纬|t=緯|l=avenue|links=no}}) roads appear; these roads attempt to run more directly north–south and east–west, respectively.

The following seven expressways of China run in or through Tianjin:

* Jingjintang Expressway (travels from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Tanggu District / TEDA) * Jinghu Expressway (travels from Jinjing Gonglu Bridge to Shanghai; similarly to Jingjintang Expressway, this expressway travels from Beijing to Shanghai) * Jingshen Expressway (travels through Baodi District on its way from Beijing to Shenyang) * Tangjin Expressway (travels from Tanggu District, Tianjin, to Tangshan, Hebei''—''known as the Jintang Expressway in Tianjin) * Baojin Expressway (travels from Beichen District, Tianjin, to Baoding, Hebei''—''known as the Jinbao Expressway in Tianjin) * Jinbin Expressway (travels from Zhangguizhuang Bridge to Hujiayuan Bridge; both bridges are in Tianjin) * Jinji Expressway (travels from central Tianjin to Jixian County)

The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:

* China National Highway 102 (travels through Ji County, Tianjin on its way from Beijing to Harbin * China National Highway 103 (travels from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Tanggu District) * China National Highway 104 (travels from Beijing, through Tianjin Municipality, to Fuzhou) * China National Highway 105 (travels from Beijing, through Tianjin Municipality, to Macau) * China National Highway 112 (a circular highway around Beijing; passes through Tianjin Municipality) * China National Highway 205 (travels from Shanhaiguan, Hebei, through Tianjin Municipality, to Guangzhou)

==Religion== [[File:天津天后宫山门2021.jpg|thumb|A Mazu temple in Tianjin]]

Some residents of Tianjin participate in indigenous religious practices, such as the worship of Mazu, a sea goddess. Tianjin also contains the Temple of Great Compassion (a Buddhist temple), St. Joseph's Cathedral (a Catholic cathedral also known as Laoxikai Church), and Our Lady of Victory Church (a Catholic church also known as Wanghailou Church). A Roman Catholic Diocese of Tianjin exists.<ref>{{cite web |date=April 16, 2007 |title=Refugee Review Tribunal Australia – RRT Research Response |url=http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=4b6fe1800 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108061010/http://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain?docid=4b6fe1800 |archive-date=January 8, 2014 |access-date=January 8, 2014}}</ref> According to the Chinese General Social Survey of 2009, Christians constitute 1.51% of the city's population.<ref name="Wang20152">China General Social Survey (CGSS) 2009. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1|date=September 25, 2015}}</ref> Tianjin has been described as a historically "strong center" of Islam in China.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Raphael Israeli |title=Islam in China: Religion, Ethnicity, Culture, and Politics |date=2002 |publisher=Lexington Books |isbn=9780739103753 |page=105}}</ref> Northwestern Tianjin has traditionally been the location of the Muslim quarter of the city, where Muslims have lived for centuries; the area is near the city's Great Mosque, ''Qingzhen si'', which was founded in 1703.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Ruth Rogaski |url=https://archive.org/details/hygienicmodernit0000roga |title=Hygienic Modernity: Meanings of Health and Disease in Treaty-Port China |date=2004 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520930605 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/hygienicmodernit0000roga/page/56 56], 171, 245 |url-access=registration}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195309911 |editor1-last=Bloom |editor1-first=Jonathan |page=484 |editor2-last=Blair |editor2-first=Sheila S.}}</ref> The city also contains the Dahuoxiang Mosque.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/chinesearchitect0000unse/page/36 |title=Chinese Architecture |date=2002 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300095593 |editor1-last=Steinhardt |editor1-first=Nancy Shatzman |edition=illustrated |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinesearchitect0000unse/page/36 36]}}</ref>

==Sports== [[File:Tianjin_shuidi.JPG|thumb|Tianjin Olympic Center Stadium]] [[File:Tianjin TEDA Football Stadium, Aug 2023.jpg|thumb|TEDA Football Stadium]] Sports teams based in Tianjin include the following:

* Tianjin Jinmen Tiger FC (in the Chinese Super League of professional football) * Tianjin Lions (in the China Baseball League) * Tianjin Pioneers (in the Chinese Basketball Association) * Tianjin Bohai Bank women's volleyball team (in the Chinese Volleyball League)

The 1995 World Table Tennis Championships, the 2013 East Asian Games, and the 2017 National Games of China were hosted by the city. Tianjin was scheduled to be one of the host cities for the expanded FIFA Club World Cup in 2021 before its cancellation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also scheduled to be one of the host cities for the 2023 AFC Asian Cup before China's withdrawal as the host.

Since 2014, a WTA international tennis tournament has taken place in Tianjin every year at the Tuanbo International Tennis Center.

==Martial arts== For some centuries, Tianjin and Beijing had been considered centers for traditional Chinese martial arts. Formerly and currently practiced martial arts including ''bajiquan'', ''piguazhang'', ''xingyiquan'', and ''baguazhang'' have been practiced in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cook Ding's Kitchen: The World of Martial Arts That Has Long Since Passed |url=http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2013/06/the-world-of-martial-arts-that-has-long.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801020004/http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2013/06/the-world-of-martial-arts-that-has-long.html |archive-date=August 1, 2014 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |work=cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Cook Ding's Kitchen: Master Zhou: The Man, The Artist, The Teacher |url=http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2012/12/master-zhou-man-artist-teacher.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032135/http://cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il/2012/12/master-zhou-man-artist-teacher.html |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |work=cookdingskitchen.blogspot.co.il}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Martial Spirit of Tianjin – An Interview with Nitzan Oren By Jonathan Bluestein. – Masters of the IMA |url=http://wulinmingshi.wordpress.com/2014/05/29/the-martial-spirit-of-tianjin-an-interview-with-nitzan-oren-by-jonathan-bluestein/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814165050/http://wulinmingshi.wordpress.com/2014/05/29/the-martial-spirit-of-tianjin-an-interview-with-nitzan-oren-by-jonathan-bluestein/ |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |access-date=August 9, 2014 |work=Masters of the IMA}}</ref> The martial arts that the city is known most for are Hong Qiao and Nankai. Martial artists practice in public green spaces such as Xigu Park and the Tianjin Water Park.

== Education == Tianjin is ranked as the 15th leading city in the world with the highest scientific research outputs and second in the North China region after Beijing.<ref name="Research Output" />

=== Colleges and universities === {{Main list|List of universities and colleges in Tianjin }} {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = 天津大学南开大学联合研究大厦201608.jpg | caption1 = Tianjin University and Nankai University Joint Research Building | image2 = 天津师范大学主校区.jpg | caption2 = Tianjin Normal University }}

The following universities are under the jurisdiction of the national Ministry of Education:

* Tianjin University (founded in 1895; the first modern university in China) * Nankai University (founded in 1919)

The following are under the jurisdiction of the municipal government:

* Tianjin Academy of Fine Arts * Tianjin Agricultural College * Tianjin Chengjian University * Tianjin Conservatory of Music * Tianjin Foreign Studies University * Tianjin Institute of Physical Education * Tianjin Medical University * Tianjin Normal University * Tianjin Polytechnic University * Tianjin University of Commerce * Tianjin University of Finance & Economics * Tianjin University of Science & Technology * Tianjin University of Technology * Tianjin University of Technology and Education * Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

[[File:Tianjin_Juilliard_School.jpg|thumb|Tianjin Juilliard School in Binhai, Tianjin]] The following are under the jurisdiction of the national Civil Aviation Authority of China:

* Civil Aviation University of China

The following are under the Hebei Provincial People's Government:

* Hebei University of Technology (founded 1903, the earliest institute of technology in China)

The following are foreign institutions:

* The Florida International University Tianjin Center (opened in 2006 as a cooperative venture between the municipal government and the Miami-based university) * The Great Wall MBA Program of the Oklahoma City University's Meinders School of Business (established in 1986 on the campus of the Tianjin University of Finance & Economics)<ref>{{cite web |title=Great Wall MBA Program |url=http://www.okcu.edu/business/global/greatwall.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610025551/http://www.okcu.edu/business/global/greatwall.aspx |archive-date=June 10, 2010 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Okcu.edu}}</ref> * Raffles Design Institute Tianjin is a joint-project between the Tianjin University of Commerce, Boustead College and the Raffles Design Institute in Singapore. * The Tianjin Juilliard School is a branch of the Juilliard School located in Binhai, Tianjin, China.

The following is a private institution:

* Boustead College

Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed above.

=== High schools === {{Multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = 耀华学校老校门.jpg | caption1 = Yaohua High School | image2 = 20zhongxue.JPG | caption2 = Tianjin No.20 High School }}

* thumb|'''Tianjin Nankai High School'''Tianjin Nankai High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市南开中学}}) * Tianjin No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第一中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin No. 1 High School |url=http://www.tjyz.org/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040429015011/http://www.tjyz.org/ |archive-date=April 29, 2004 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Tjyz.org}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin Yaohua Middle School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市耀华中学}}) was founded in 1927. It was previously known as Tianjin Gongxue by Lefeng Zhuang; it was renamed as Tianjin Yaohua Middle School in 1934. * Tianjin Xinhua High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市新华中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin Xinhua High School |url=http://www.xinhuaedu.cn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040520205809/http://www.xinhuaedu.cn/ |archive-date=May 20, 2004 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |website=Xinhuaedu.cn}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin Experimental High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市实验中学}})<ref>[http://www.tjsyzx.cn/ Tianjin Shiyan High School] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150815004000/http://www.tjsyzx.cn/|date=August 15, 2015}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin No. 21 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津第二十一中學}}) (formerly Fahan College—{{lang-zh|labels=no|t=法漢學堂|l=College}}), was founded in 1895. The French ambassador to China and consul general in Tianjin  called it the French academy. It was renamed "{{lang|zh-Hant|工部局學校}}" in 1902, before moving to its current address in 1916, when it was renamed Fahan College ({{lang|zh-Hant|法漢學堂}}); in French, it is still known as "Ecole Municipale Francaise". The school is located in an area with political and cultural education in Heping district and is adjacent to the largest Catholic church in northern China; thus, the main building of the school has retained its church-like appearance. The school covers an area of 10.1 mu (6.7 km2); the building's floor has an area of 10,300 square meters. * Tianjin Tianjin High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市天津中学}}) * Tianjin Fuxing High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市复兴中学}}) * Tianjin Ruijing High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市瑞景中学}}) * The Foreign Languages School Affiliated with the Tianjin Foreign Studies University (TFLS; {{lang|zh-Hans|天津外国语学院附属外国语学校}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin Foreign Languages School (TFLS) |url=http://www.tjfls.cn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115215531/http://www.tjfls.cn/ |archive-date=January 15, 2013 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |website=Tjfls.cn}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin No. 20 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第二十中学}}) * Tianjin No. 4 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四中学}})<ref>{{cite web |date=March 28, 2012 |title=Tianjin No. 4 High School |url=http://www.tj4z.cn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707085900/http://www.tj4z.cn/ |archive-date=July 7, 2014 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Tj4z.cn}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin Yangcun No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市杨村第一中学}}) * Tianjin Ji No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市蓟县第一中学}}) * Tianjin Dagang No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市大港第一中学}}) * Tianjin Second Nankai High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第二南开中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin Second Nankai High School |url=http://www.tj.xinhuanet.com/campus/nankai/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090822212157/http://www.tj.xinhuanet.com/campus/nankai/ |archive-date=August 22, 2009 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Tj.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> * Tianjin Tanggu No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市塘沽第一中学}}) * Tianjin No. 42 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四十二中学}}) * Tianjin Baodi No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市宝坻第一中学}}) * Tianjin Dagang Oilfield Experimental High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市大港油田实验中学}}) * Tianjin No. 47 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四十七中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin No. 47 High School |url=http://www.tj47zx.net/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927195525/http://www.tj47zx.net/ |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |access-date=September 14, 2013 |publisher=Tj47zx.org}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin No. 7 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第七中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin No. 7 High School |url=http://www.tjqz.org/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906063649/http://tjqz.org/ |archive-date=September 6, 2011 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Tjqz.org}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin Jinghai No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市静海第一中学}}) * Tianjin Haihe High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市海河中学}}) * Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津经济技术开发区第一中学}}) * Tianjin No. 55 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第五十五中学}}) * Tianjin High School Affiliated with Beijing Normal University ({{lang|zh-Hans|北京师范大学天津附属中学}}) * Tianjin No. 21 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第二十一中学}}) * Tianjin Xianshuigu No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市咸水沽第一中学}}) * The High School Affiliated with Nankai University ({{lang|zh-Hans|南开大学附属中学}}) * Tianjin No. 41 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四十一中学}}) * Tianjin Lutai No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市芦台第一中学}}) * Tianjin No. 2 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第二中学}}) * Tianjin No. 3 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第三中学}}) * Tianjin Huiwen High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市汇文中学}}) * Tianjin Chonghua High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市崇化中学}}) * Tianjin No. 100 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第一〇〇中学}}) * Tianjin Hangu No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市汉沽第一中学}}) * Tianjin Ziyun High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市紫云中学}}) * Tianjin No. 102 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第一〇二中学}}) * Tianjin No. 45 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四十五中学}}) * Tianjin No. 25 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第二十五中学}}) * The High School Affiliated with Tianjin University ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津大学附属中学}}) * Tianjin No. 5 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第五中学}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Tianjin No. 5 High School |url=http://www.tj5ms.cn/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101231074854/http://www.tj5ms.cn/ |archive-date=December 31, 2010 |access-date=December 11, 2012 |publisher=Tj5ms.cn}}</ref>{{Primary source inline|date=January 2014}} * Tianjin Yangliuqing No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市杨柳青第一中学}}) * Tianjin No. 14 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第十四中学}}) * Tianjin National High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市民族中学}}) * Tianjin No. 54 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第五十四中学}}) * Tianjin No. 43 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第四十三中学}}) * Tianjin Ironworks No. 2 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津铁厂第二中学}}) * Tianjin No. 9 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第九中学}}) * Tianjin No. 57 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第五十七中学}}) * Tianjin No. 51 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市第五十一中学}}) * Tianjin Fulun High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市扶轮中学}}) * Tianjin Bohai Petroleum No. 1 High School ({{lang|zh-Hans|天津市渤海石油第一中学}})

===Middle schools===

* Tianjin No. 7 Middle School

==Notable people from Tianjin==

* Hou Baolin (1917{{ndash}}1993; xiangsheng performer) * Xia Baolong (1952{{ndash}}; Chinese politician and member of the National People's Congress Environment Protection and Resources Conservation Committee) * Zhang Boli (1948{{ndash}}; traditional Chinese medicine practitioner) * Qin Gang (1966{{ndash}}; former Chinese Ambassador to the United States and current Chinese foreign minister) * Yu Genwei (1974{{ndash}}; professional football midfielder; manager) * Wang Hao (1992{{ndash}}; diver who is a world champion) * Liu Huan (1963{{ndash}}; modern singer and songwriter; professor of western music at the Beijing University of International Business and Economics) * Li Ruihuan (1934{{ndash}}; Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference from 1993 to 2003) * Wen Jiabao (1942{{ndash}}; premier of China from 2003 to 2013) * Hao Jingfang (1987{{ndash}}; science-fiction writer) * Harry Kingman (1892{{ndash}}1982; the only major league baseball player born in China) * Robert Ya Fu Lee (1913–1986; actor) * Ching Chun Li (1912–2003); human geneticist * Eric Liddell (1902{{ndash}}1945; Olympic gold medalist) * Gao Lingwei (1870{{ndash}}1940; former premier of the Republic of China 1923–1924) * Gao Lingwen (1862–1945; founder of Tianjin's first public school) * Adeline Yen Mah (1937{{ndash}}; Chinese-born American author of ''Falling Leaves'' and ''Chinese Cinderella: The Secret Story of an Unwanted Daughter'') * Zhang Meng (1988{{ndash}}; actress) * Yu Min (1926{{ndash}}2019; nuclear physicist who is referred to as "the father of Chinese Hydrogen Bomb") * Zhang Pengxiang (1980{{ndash}}; chess grandmaster) * Liu Ping (1984{{ndash}}; Paralympic gold medalist sprinter) * Chang Po-ling (1876{{ndash}}1951; founder of Nankai University) * Wang Qiang (1992{{ndash}}; Chinese professional female tennis player) * Zhou Ruchang (1918{{ndash}}2012; Chinese Redologist and calligrapher) * Shao Fang Sheng (1917–2009; Chinese artist) * Peng Shuai (1986{{ndash}}; Chinese professional female tennis player) * Zhang Shuai (1989{{ndash}}; Chinese professional female tennis player) * Lubert Stryer (1938{{ndash}}2024; American professor of biochemistry) * Lam Suet (1964{{ndash}}; actor from Hong Kong) * Hu Xianxu (2000{{ndash}}; Chinese actor) * Fung Wang-yuen (Wu Ma) (1942{{ndash}}2014; actor, director, producer, and writer for movies) * Tan Xue (1984{{ndash}}; Olympic and world champion fencer) * Zhao Yanming (1981{{ndash}}; professional football goalkeeper) * Sun Yaoting (1902{{ndash}}1992; last surviving imperial eunuch from China) * Shang Yi (1979{{ndash}}; professional football midfielder and sports commentator) * Yang Yi (1919–2023; translated ''Wuthering Heights'' into Chinese) * Chen Yibing (1984{{ndash}}; world champion and Olympic gold medal-winning gymnast) * Xu Yifan (1988{{ndash}}; professional tennis player) * Yu Ying-shih (1930{{ndash}}2021; historian and Sinologist) * Duan Yingying (1989{{ndash}}; Chinese professional female tennis player) * Cui Yongyuan (1963{{ndash}}; television personality) * Ed Tse-chun Young (1931{{ndash}}2023; award-winning Chinese-American children's book writer and illustrator) * Huo Yuanjia (1868{{ndash}}1910; Chinese martial artist and co-founder of the Chin Woo Athletic Association) * Zhang Yuxuan (1994{{ndash}}; professional female tennis player) * An Zhongxin (1971{{ndash}}; Olympic silver medalist for softball) * Juliana Young Koo (1905{{ndash}}2017; Chinese-American diplomat worked in the UN Protocol Department, widow of Wellington Koo) * Niohuru X (drag performer, fashion designer, and make-up artist)

== Twin towns and sister cities == {{Main list|List of twin towns and sister cities in China }} * {{flagdeco|JPN}} Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan * {{flagdeco|JPN}} Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture |title = International Exchange |work = List of Affiliation Partners within Prefectures |publisher = Council of Local Authorities for International Relations (CLAIR) |language=en |access-date=November 21, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304204202/http://www.clair.or.jp/cgi-bin/simai/e/03.cgi?p=12&n=Chiba%20Prefecture |archive-date=March 4, 2016 }}</ref> * {{flagdeco|ROK}} Incheon, South Korea * {{flagdeco|US}}{{flagdeco|Alabama}} Mobile, Alabama, United States<ref>{{cite web |url = https://asiamattersforamerica.org/asia/data/sister-partnerships |title = Sister Partnerships by US State – Asia Matters for America |access-date = January 9, 2020 |archive-date = April 23, 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210423180922/https://asiamattersforamerica.org/asia/data/sister-partnerships |url-status = live }}</ref> * {{Flagdeco|US}}{{flagdeco|Massachusetts}} Fitchburg, Massachusetts, United States * {{flagdeco|US}}{{flagdeco|Pennsylvania}} Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States * {{flagdeco|AUS}}{{flagdeco|Victoria}} Melbourne, Victoria, Australia * {{flagdeco|THA}} Bangkok, Thailand * {{flagdeco|CAM}} Phnom Penh, Cambodia * {{flagdeco|DPRK}} Pyongyang, North Korea<ref name="Corfield2013">{{cite book|last=Corfield|first=Justin|title=Historical Dictionary of Pyongyang|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a46gFDWr3aMC&pg=PA196|year=2013|publisher=Anthem Press|location=London|isbn=978-0-85728-234-7|page=196|chapter=Sister Cities|access-date=October 22, 2017|archive-date=February 18, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218091156/https://books.google.com/books?id=a46gFDWr3aMC&pg=PA196|url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|BIH}} Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina *{{flagdeco|CIV}} Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire * {{flagdeco|NED}} Groningen, the Netherlands (since 1985) * {{flagdeco|ISR}} Rishon LeZion, Israel * {{flagdeco|TUR}} İzmir, Turkey * {{flagdeco|VNM}} Haiphong, Vietnam (since 1997) * {{SGP}} * {{flagdeco|ARG}} Mar del Plata, Argentina (since 2001) * {{flagdeco|CYP}} Larnaca, Republic of Cyprus (since 2007)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.larnaka.org.cy/en/page/adelfopoiiseis#.WOflptLyvIU |title=Twinnings |website=www.larnaka.org.cy |language=en |access-date=April 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170408082424/http://www.larnaka.org.cy/en/page/adelfopoiiseis#.WOflptLyvIU |archive-date=April 8, 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * {{flagdeco|SWE}} Jönköping, Sweden (since 1993)<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.jonkoping.se/kommunpolitik/internationelltarbete/sistercitytianjinikina.4.74fef9ab15548f0b8001a7c.html |title=jonkoping.se |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160822195615/http://www.jonkoping.se/kommunpolitik/internationelltarbete/sistercitytianjinikina.4.74fef9ab15548f0b8001a7c.html |archive-date=August 22, 2016 }}</ref> * {{flagdeco|GRE}} Thessaloniki, Greece (since 2002) * {{flagdeco|COL}} Cali, Colombia (since 2022)<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cali |first=Casa Editorial El País |title=Cali firmó un "pacto de hermandad" con Tianjin, ciudad de la República de China |url=https://www.elpais.com.co/cali/firmo-un-pacto-de-hermandad-con-tianjin-ciudad-de-la-republica-de-china.html |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=elpais.com.co |date=March 22, 2022 |language=spanish |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426065152/https://www.elpais.com.co/cali/firmo-un-pacto-de-hermandad-con-tianjin-ciudad-de-la-republica-de-china.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also == {{portal|China|Cities}} * Tianjin is also the name of an asterism in the Chinese constellation of Girl mansion. * New first-tier city

== Notes == {{Notelist}}

== References == === Citations === {{Reflist}}

=== Sources === {{refbegin}} * ''Miscellaneous series, Issues 7–11''. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, 1912. * Walravens, Hartmut. "German Influence on the Press in China". In: ''Newspapers in International Librarianship: Papers Presented by the Newspaper Section at IFLA General Conferences''. Walter de Gruyter, January 1, 2003. {{ISBN|3110962799}}, {{ISBN|9783110962796}}. ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20030617073505/http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla62/62-walh.htm Also available at] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20030617073505/http://ifla.queenslibrary.org/IV/ifla62/62-walh.htm Archive]) the website of the Queens Library – This version does not include the footnotes visible in the Walter de Gruyter version ** Also available in Walravens, Hartmut and Edmund King. ''Newspapers in international librarianship: papers presented by the newspapers section at IFLA General Conferences''. K.G. Saur, 2003. {{ISBN|3598218370}}, 9783598218378. {{refend}}

==Further reading== * Mathieu Gotteland, ''Les forces de l'ordre japonaises à Tientsin, 1914–1940 : Un point de vue français'' {{In lang|fr}}, Éditions universitaires européennes, 2015. * {{cite book |title=Tientsin: An Illustrated Outline History |author=O. D. Rasmussen |oclc=2594229 |location=University of Michigan|publisher=Tientsin Press |year=1925 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E7w5AAAAMAAJ}} * {{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0018246X15000461|title=Italy's Informal Imperialism in Tianjin During the Liberal Epoch, 1902–1922|journal=The Historical Journal|volume=59|issue=2|pages=447–468|date=June 2016|last1=Donati|first1=Sabina|s2cid=163536150}} * Maurizio Marinelli, Giovanni Andornino, ''Italy's Encounter with Modern China: Imperial dreams, strategic ambitions'', New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. * Maurizio Marinelli, [https://epress.lib.uts.edu.au/journals/index.php/csrj/article/view/2846 "The Triumph of the Uncanny: Italians and Italian Architecture in Tianjin"], In ''Cultural Studies Review'', Vol. 19, 2, 2013, 70–98. * Maurizio Marinelli, "[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1354571X.2010.501975 The Genesis of the Italian Concession in Tianjin: A Combination of Wishful Thinking and Realpolitik]". ''Journal of Modern Italian Studies'', 15 (4), 2010: 536–556.

== External links == {{Commons and category|Tianjin|Tianjin}} {{Wiktionary|Tianjin|Tientsin|T'ien-chin}} {{Wikivoyage}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921054614/http://www.tj.gov.cn/english/ Tianjin Government website] *[http://en.china-tjftz.gov.cn/ China (Tianjin) Pilot Free Trade Zone]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191102174918/http://en.china-tjftz.gov.cn/ |date=November 2, 2019 }} * [http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/mptij.htm Economic profile for Tianjin] at HKTDC * [http://english.enorth.com.cn/ Official Tianjin Media Gateway]; {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020070323/http://english.enorth.com.cn/ |date=October 20, 2018 }} * [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/china_city_plans/txu-oclc-6567184.jpg Historic US Army map of Tianjin, 1945] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gKt1PodYyvE Official promotional video of Tianjin City] * {{Cite EB1911 |wstitle = Tientsin }}

{{Geographic location | Centre = Tianjin | North = Chengde (Hebei) | Northeast = Tangshan (Hebei) | East = ''Bohai Gulf'' | Southeast = ''Bohai Gulf'' | South = Cangzhou (Hebei) | Southwest = Cangzhou (Hebei) | West = Langfang (Hebei) | Northwest = Langfang (Hebei) and Beijing }} {{Navboxes |title = Articles related to Tianjin |list = {{Tianjin}} {{Roads and Expressways of Tianjin}} {{Landmarks in Tianjin}} {{Bo Hai}} {{Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} {{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}} {{Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China}} {{World's most populous urban areas}} {{Megacities}} }} {{Authority control}}

Category:Tianjin Category:Metropolitan areas of China Category:Direct-administered municipalities of China Category:North China Plain Category:Populated coastal places in China Category:Populated places with period of establishment missing Category:Province-level divisions of China Category:National Famous Historical and Cultural City Category:Megacities