Thiaridae

{{Short description|Family of gastropods}} {{Automatic taxobox |fossil_range= {{fossil range|Eocene|Recent|Lower Cretaceous<ref name="AB"/> or Eocene-Recent<ref name="Bandel 1997"/>}} |image = Melanoides tuberculata 01.jpg |image_caption = A live individual of Red-rimmed melania, ''Melanoides tuberculata'', crawling on the glass of an aquarium |taxon = Thiaridae |authority = Gill, 1871 (1823) |type_species= |synonyms_ref = |synonyms = * Melaniidae Children, 1823<ref>Children (1823). ''Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature & Arts'' '''15''': 243.</ref> * Melanoididae Ihering, 1909<ref>Ihering (1909). ''Journal de Conchlyliologie'' '''57'''(4): 296.</ref> |diversity_link = |diversity_ref = <ref name="Strong 2008">Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia'' 595: 149-166. {{hdl|10088/7390}} {{doi|10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6}}.</ref><ref name="Strong 2011">Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society'' '''162'''(1): 43-89. {{doi|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00670.x}}.</ref> |diversity = |display_parents= 3 }}

'''Thiaridae''', common name '''thiarids''' or '''trumpet snails''', is a family of tropical freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cerithioidea.<ref name="WoRMS">MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Thiaridae Gill, 1871 (1823). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=196287 on 2021-07-28</ref>

==Taxonomy== Many species of freshwater snails that are characterized by a turreted shell were originally placed within the genus ''Melania'' Lamarck, 1799. This genus as delimited by authors of the late 19th and early 20th century contained hundreds of species, and was successively split into different groupings.<ref>Brot A. (1874-79). ''Die Melaniaceen (Melanidae) in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen''. Nürnberg, Bauer & Raspe.</ref> Over time, infrageneric groups (subgenera) were elevated to the rank of independent genera and the genus ''Melania'' was elevated to the rank of a family, '''Melanidae'''.<ref>Thiele J. (1929). Teil 1. Loricata; Gastropoda: Prosobranchia. ''Handbuch der Systematischen Weichtierkunde''. Jena, Gustav Fischer Verlag. 1: 1-376.</ref>

However, the genus name ''Melania'' Lamarck, 1799 was demonstrated to be a junior synonym of the genus name ''Thiara'' Röding, 1798. Consequently, the family had to be renamed '''Thiaridae'''. Moreover, the Melanidae as traditionally circumscribed were found to be polyphyletic, containing species from many different groups, which were successively recognized as distinct families, such as the Pachychilidae, Semisulcospiridae, Pleuroceridae, Melanopsidae, and Paludomidae. Therefore, the '''Thiaridae''' as currently circumscribed contain fewer species than the Melaniidae.<ref name= "Glaubrecht 1996">Glaubrecht M. (1996). ''Evolutionsökologie und Systematik am Beispiel von Süß- und Brackwasserschnecken (Mollusca: Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea): Ontogenese-Strategien, paläontologische Befunde und historische Zoogeographie''. Leiden, Backhuys.</ref>

==Distribution== This family of snails is found worldwide, and are particularly diverse in the tropics and subtropics.<ref name="AB"/>

== Ecology == These snails are freshwater inhabitants of temperate and warm zones.<ref name="AB"/>

Thiaridae are partly viviparous, partly ovoviviparous.<ref name="AB"/> Many, but not all species are parthenogenetic.<ref name="Glaubrecht 1996"/>

==Genera== Genera in the family Thiaridae include: ;Subfamily Thiarinae Gill, 1871 (1823) * ''Balanocochlis'' Fischer, 1885 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=445494&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock] ** ''Balanocochlis glandiformis'' ** ''Balanocochlis glans'' * ''Culenmelania'' Z.-X. Qian, J. Yang, Y. Lu & J. He, 2012 * † ''Kumania'' Ota, 1960 * ''Melanoides'' Olivier, 1804<ref name="Bandel 1997"/><ref name="Bouchet 2005">{{Bouchet 2005}}</ref> * ''Mieniplotia'' Low & Tan, 2014 * ''Neoradina'' Brandt, 1974 * † ''Pachymelania'' E. A. Smith, 1893:<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> synonym of † ''Pachychiloides'' Wenz, 1939 (junior homonym of Pachymelania E. A. Smith, 1893; Pachychiloides Wenz, 1939 is a replacement name) * ''Plotia'' Röding, 1798: synonym of ''Pyramidella'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Plotiopsis'' Brot, 1874<ref>Bouchet, P. (2016). ''Plotiopsis'' Brot, 1874. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=818487 on 2017-11-20</ref> - ''Plotiopsis balonnensis'' (Conrad, 1850) * ''Ripalania'' Iredale, 1943 * ''Sermyla'' Adams, 1854<ref name="Bandel 1997"/> * ''Stenomelania'' Fischer, 1885 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=145875&lvl=3&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock] * ''Tarebia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854<ref name="Bandel 1997"/> * ''Thiara'' Röding, 1798 - type genus of the family Thiaridae,<ref name="Bouchet 2005"/> synonym: ''Melania'' Lamarck, 1799 ;Not assigned to a subfamily: * † ''Brotiopsis'' K. Suzuki, 1943 * † ''Coptostylus'' F. Sandberger, 1872 * † ''Cornetia'' Munier-Chalmas in Fischer et al., 1885 * † ''Ellinoria'' Van Damme & Pickford, 2003 * ''Fijidoma'' Morrison, 1952 * † ''Hannatoma'' Olsson, 1931 * † ''Heynderycxia'' Van Damme & Pickford, 2003 * † ''Juramelanatria'' Bandel, 1991 * † ''Juramelanoides'' Bandel, 1991 * ''Longiverena'' Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935 * † ''Melabrina'' Stache, 1880 * † ''Melanotarebia'' Bandel & Kowalke, 1997<ref name="Bandel 1997">Bandel K. & Kowalke T. (1997). "Eocene ''Melanotarebia'' n.g. and its relation among modern Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda: Cerithioidea)". ''N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh.'', Stuttgart '''11''': 683-695, 10 figs. [http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726131013/http://www.uni-hamburg.de/geol_pal/mangrove_print.html |date=2011-07-26 }}.</ref> * † ''Pseudopyrgula'' Wenz, 1928 * † ''Ptychomelania'' Sacco, 1895 * † ''Sengoeria'' Harzhauser, Mandic, Büyükmeriç, Neubauer, Kadolsky & Landau, 2016 * † ''Sinomelania'' Yen, 1936 * † ''Siragimelania'' Suzuki, 1940 * † ''Tianjinospira'' Youluo, 1978 * Verena H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 * † ''Yoshimonia'' Ota, 1960

==References== This article incorporates public domain text from the reference<ref name="AB">[http://www.animalbase.uni-goettingen.de/zooweb/servlet/AnimalBase/home/family?id=93 "Family summary for Thiaridae"]. AnimalBase, last modified 5 September 2006, accessed 14 April 2011.</ref> {{Reflist}}

== Further reading == * Glaubrecht M., Brinkmann N. & Pöppe J. (2009). "Diversity and disparity down under: Systematics, biogeography and reproductive modes of the marsupial freshwater Thiaridae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea) in Australia". ''Zoosystematics and Evolution'' '''85'''(2): 199–275. {{doi|10.1002/zoos.200900004}}

== External links == *{{Commons category-inline|Thiaridae}}

Category:Thiaridae