Shishapangma

{{Short description|14th highest mountain on Earth}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Shishapangma | other_name = Xixabangma | image = 8,013m Shishapangma Tibet China 西藏希夏邦马峰 - panoramio.jpg | image_caption = Shishapangma | elevation_m = 8027 | elevation_ref = <ref name="peakbagger" /><ref name="dili360" /><ref name="8000ers2" /><ref name="summitpost" /> Ranked 14th | prominence_m = 2897 | prominence_ref = <ref name="peaklist">{{cite web|url=http://peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/everest.html|title=High Asia II: Himalaya of Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim and adjoining region of Tibet|publisher=Peaklist.org|access-date=2014-05-29}}</ref> Ranked 111th | listing = Eight-thousander Ultra | range = Himalayas | location = Nyalam County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China | map_caption = Tibet Autonomous Region | image_map = {{OSM Himalaya|lat_d=28.3|long_d=85.8|zoom=7}} | label_position = top | coordinates = {{coord|28|21|08|N|85|46|47|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = <ref>{{cite peakware|id=1004|access-date=16 March 2010|name=Shisha Pangma}}</ref> | first_ascent = 2 May 1964 by Chinese team: Xu Jing Zhang Junyan Wang Fuzhou Wu Zongyue Chen San Soinam Dorjê Cheng Tianliang Migmar Zhaxi Dorjê Yun Deng (First winter ascent 14 January 2005 by Piotr Morawski and Simone Moro)<ref name="pm34713">{{Cite web|url=http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews4.lasso?l=2&keyid=34713|title=Moro and Morawski first winter ascent of Shisha Pangma!|publisher=planetmountain.com|date=14 January 2005|accessdate=26 June 2024}}</ref> | easiest_route = snow/ice climb }} {{Infobox Chinese | tib = ཤི་ཤ་སྦང་མ། | wylie = shi sha sbang ma | zwpy = Xixabangma | lang1 = Nepalese | lang1_content = शिशापाङ्मा Shishāpāngmā or गोसाईथान ''Gōsāīthān'' | s = 高僧赞峰 | p = Gāosēngzàn Fēng | s2 = 希夏邦马峰 | t2 = 希夏邦馬峰 | p2 = Xīxiàbāngmǎ Fēng }}

'''Shishapangma''',<ref>Potterfield, Peter; Viesturs, Ed; Breashears, David (2009). ''Himalayan Quest: Ed Viesturs Summits All Fourteen 8,000-Meter Giants''. National Geographic. p.137 {{ISBN|1-4262-0485-X}}.</ref><ref>Spelled "Shisha Pangma" in Messner, Reinhold (1999). ''All 14 eight-thousanders''. Mountaineers Books. p.105. {{ISBN|0-89886-660-X}}.</ref> or '''Shishasbangma''' or '''Xixiabangma''' ({{lang-zh|s=希夏邦马|p=Xī xià bāng mǎ}}), is the 14th-highest mountain in the world, at {{convert|8027|m|ft}} above sea level. The lowest 8,000 metre peak, it is located entirely within Tibet.

==Name== Geologist Toni Hagen explained the name as meaning a "grassy plain" or "meadow" (''{{Transliteration|xtc|pangma}}'') above a "comb" or a "range" (''{{Transliteration|xtc|shisha}}'' or ''{{Transliteration|xtc|chisa}}'') in the local Tibetan language, thereby signifying the "crest above the grassy plains".<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Dyhrenfurth | first1=Günther. O. | last2=Dyhrenfurth | first2=Norman | title=Shisha Pangma | journal=Mountain | publisher=Youth Hostels Association (England & Wales) | issue=53–64 | year=1977 | page=47 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Baume | first = Louis | title = Sivalaya: explorations of the 8000-metre peaks of the Himalaya | publisher = The Mountaineers | year = 1979 | location = Seattle | pages = 131–132 | isbn = 0-916890-71-6 }}</ref>

On the other hand, Tibetologist Guntram Hazod records a local story that explains the mountain's name in terms of its literal meaning in the Standard Tibetan language: ''{{Transliteration|bo|shisha}}'', which means "meat of an animal that died of natural causes", and ''{{Transliteration|bo|sbangma}}'', which means "malt dregs left over from brewing beer". According to the story, one year a heavy snowfall killed most of the animals at pasture. All that the people living near the mountain had to eat was the meat of the dead animals and the malt dregs left over from brewing beer, and so the mountain was named Shisha Pangma (''{{lang|bo|shisha sbangma}}''), signifying "meat of dead animals and malty dregs".<ref>{{Cite book | last=Hazod | first=Guntram | chapter=bKra shis 'od 'bar. On the History of the Religious Protector of the Bo dong pa | page=[https://archive.org/details/tibetanmountaind00blon/page/n62 65] | editor-last=Blondeau | editor-first=Anne-Marie | title=Tibetan mountain deities, their cults and representations: papers presented at a panel of the 7th seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Graz, 1995 | url=https://archive.org/details/tibetanmountaind00blon | url-access=limited | publisher=Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften | year=1998 | isbn=978-3-7001-2748-2 }}</ref>

The name of the mountain, ''Gosainthan'', means "place of the saint" or "Abode of God".<ref name="Baume130">Baume, 1979, op. cit. pp 130-134</ref> The name is in use in popular literature. For example, in the comic strip ''Tintin in Tibet'',<ref name="TintinInTibet">Tintin In Tibet, 1960, op. cit. pp 2, 10</ref> a fictional Air India flight had crashed at Gosainthan. Tintin, Captain Haddock and the Sherpa team traveled to Gosainthan in search of Chang Chong-Chen.

==Geography== Shishapangma is located in south-central Tibet, five kilometres from the border with Nepal. It and Nanga Parbat are the only eight-thousanders entirely within Chinese and Pakistan territory respectively. It is also the highest peak in the Jugal Himal, which is contiguous with and often considered part of Langtang Himal.<ref name=aaj_1985/> The Jugal/Langtang Himal straddles the Tibet/Nepal border. Since Shishapangma is on the dry north side of the Himalayan crest and farther from the lower terrain of Nepal, it has less dramatic vertical relief than most major Himalayan peaks.

Shishapangma also has a subsidiary peak higher than 8,000 m, Central Peak, at {{cvt|8008|m||}}.<ref name="8000ers2" />

== Ascents and attempts == Some of Shishapangma's ascents are not well verified, or still in dispute, with climbers potentially having only reached the slightly lower west peak at {{cvt|7966|m||}} or the central peak at {{cvt|8008|m||}}, which is still almost two hours of dangerous ridge-climbing from the {{convert|19|m|ft|adj=mid|-higher}} true summit at {{cvt|8027|m|||}}.<ref name=AAJ1>{{cite aaj | date =June 2021 | first=Damien | last=Gildea | article_id=13201215692 | access-date=10 December 2021 | title=THE 8000-ER MESS | volume=62 | issue=94 | author-link=Damien Gildea}}</ref><ref name=NYT1>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/sports/tallest-mountain-summit.html | title=Only 44 people have reached the summit of all 14 of the world's 8,000-meter peaks, according to the people who chronicle such things. | first=John | last=Branch | date=21 May 2021 | access-date=10 December 2021 | newspaper=New York Times | author-link=John Branch (journalist)}}</ref><ref name=aaj_1991>{{cite aaj|article_id=12199129002|title=Asia, Tibet, Cho Oyu and Shisha Pangma Central (West) Summit|date=1991|links=off}}</ref> Himalayan chronicler and record keeper Elizabeth Hawley<ref name="haw1">If a mountaineer wants worldwide recognition that they have reached the summit of some of the most formidable mountains in the world, they will need to get the approval of Elizabeth Hawley.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-10268549|title=Elizabeth Hawley, unrivalled Himalayan record keeper|publisher=BBC News|date=29 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="haw2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/26/obituaries/elizabeth-hawley-who-chronicled-everest-treks-dies-at-94.html|title=Elizabeth Hawley, Who Chronicled Everest Treks, Dies at 94|work=New York Times|date=26 January 2018}}</ref> famously got Ed Viesturs (amongst others) to re-climb the true main summit of Shishapangma in his quest to climb all 14 eight-thousanders, as she would not accept central (or west) summit ascents as being full ascents of Shishapangma for her ''Himalayan Database''.<ref>{{cite book|title=Keeper of the Mountains: The Elizabeth Hawley Story|pages=185–195|publisher=Rocky Mountain Books|date=5 October 2012|isbn=978-1927330159}}</ref>

Thirty-six people have died climbing Shishapangma, including Americans Alex Lowe and Dave Bridges in 1999, veteran Portuguese climber Bruno Carvalho, and noted Bulgarian climber Boyan Petrov, who disappeared on 3 May 2018. Nevertheless, Shishapangma is considered one of the easiest eight-thousanders to climb. The most common ascent, via the North Route, traverses the northwest face and northeast ridge and face, and has relatively easy access, with vehicle travel possible to base camp at {{convert|5000|m|ft|-1|abbr=on}}. Routes on the steeper southwest face are more technically demanding and involve {{convert|2200|m|ft|-1}} of ascent on a 50-degree slope.<ref name="FanVen">{{cite book | last1 = Venables | first1 = Stephen | first2 = Andy | last2 = Fanshawe | title = Himalaya Alpine-Style: The Most Challenging Routes on the Highest Peaks | publisher = Mountaineers Books | year = 1996 | location = Seattle| isbn = 0-89886-456-9 }}</ref>

===First ascent=== Shishapangma was first climbed, via the Northern Route, on 2 May 1964 by a Chinese expedition led by Xǔ Jìng. In addition to Xǔ Jìng, the summit team consisted of Zhāng Jùnyán (张俊岩), Wang Fuzhou, Wū Zōngyuè (邬宗岳), Chén Sān (陈三), Soinam Dorjê (索南多吉), Chéng Tiānliàng (成天亮), Migmar Zhaxi (米马扎西), Dorjê (多吉), and Yún Dēng (云登).<ref name="Baume130"/><ref name=AJ1964/> It was the last unascended eight-thousander.

=== Later ascents and attempts === * 1980: 7 May, "Northern Route", (second ascent) by Michael Dacher, Wolfgang Schaffert, Gunter Sturm, Fritz Zintl, {{ill|Sigi Hupfauer|de|Siegfried_Hupfauer}} and Manfred Sturm (12 May); as part of a German expedition.<ref name=aaj_1981>{{cite aaj | title = Asia, China, Shisha Pangma, Second Ascent | date=1981| issn= 0065-6925 | volume =#23 |issue =55 | access-date = 26 June 2024 |article_id=12198130703|links=off}}</ref> * 1980: 13 October, "Northern Route", (3rd ascent) by Ewald Putz and Egon Obojes, as part of an Austrian expedition.<ref name="SM303-306">Scott & Macintyre 2000, op. cit., pp 303-306</ref> * 1981: 30 April, "Northern Route", (4th ascent) by Junko Tabei, Rinzing Phinzo and Gyalbu Jiabu, as part of a Japanese women's expedition.<ref name="SM303-306"/> * 1981: 28 May, "Northern Route", (5th ascent) by Reinhold Messner (Italy) and {{ill|Friedl Mutschlechner|de|Gottfried_Mutschlechner}} (Italy), as part of an Austrian expedition.<ref name="SM303-306"/> * 1982: 28 May, "British Route", southwest face, also known as "Right-hand couloir" (alpine style), FA by Doug Scott, Alex MacIntyre and Roger Baxter-Jones (all UK). This route follows the right-hand couloir on the southwest face.<ref name="ScottMacIntyre">{{cite book | last1 = Scott | first1 = Doug | first2 = Alex | last2 = MacIntyre | title = Shisha Pangma: The Alpine Style First Ascent of the South-West Face | publisher = The Mountaineers Books | date = 2000 | orig-date = 1984 | location = Seattle| isbn = 0-89886-723-1|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=U6usAwAAQBAJ&q=Shisha+Pangma:+The+Alpine+Style+First+Ascent+of+the+South-West+Face| access-date=25 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = British Xixabangma (Shishapangma) 1982 | website =MEF – Mount Everest Foundation| access-date = 26 June 2024 |url = https://www.mef.org.uk/expeditions/british-xixabangma-shishapangma-1982 }}</ref> * 1987: 18 September,<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare>R. Sale, J. Cleare: ''On top of the world. Climbing the world's 14 highest mountains'', lists of ascents, HarperCollins Publ., 2000, page 221</ref><ref name=him-info1>[http://www.himalaya-info.org/shisha_geschichte.htm himalaya-info.org] List of significant ascents of Shisha Pangma,(with further links to pdf files with details)</ref> Elsa Ávila and Carlos Carsolio become the first Mexicans to summit Shishapangma. This was Ávila's first eight-thousander and Carsolio's second, via the northern face/ridge to the central summit, then along the arete to the main summit, with Wanda Rutkiewicz, Ramiro Navarrete, and Ryszard Warecki.<ref name="SM303-306"/><ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/> * 1987: 18 September, the two Poles Jerzy Kukuczka and Artur Hajzer, climbing alpine style, made the first ascent of the west ridge and the western peak {{convert|7966|m|ft}} then continued to traverse the summit ridge to reach the central peak {{convert|8008|m|ft}} and finally the main summit.<ref name=aaj_1988>{{cite aaj | title = Asia, Tibet, Shisha Pangma and Kukuczka's 14th 8000er | date=1988| issn= 0065-6925 | first =Józef | last = Nyka | isbn= 978-0930410339 | volume =30 |issue=62 | pages= 280 | access-date = 26 June 2024 |article_id=12198828001|links=off}}</ref> Kukuczka then skied down from near the main summit.<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/><ref name=him-info1/><ref name="SM303-306"/> This was the last of his fourteen eight-thousanders.<ref name=aaj_1989>{{cite aaj | title = Shisha Pangma, My Fourteenth 8000er | date=1989| issn= 0065-6925 | first =Jerzy | last = Kukuczka | isbn= 9780930410391 | volume=31 |issue=63 | pages=31–38 | access-date =26 June 2024 |article_id=12198903100|links=off}}</ref> * 1987: 19 September, central couloir, north face, FA by Alan Hinkes (UK) and Steve Untch (US).<ref name="SM303-306"/><ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/><ref name=him-info1/> * 1989: 19 October, Central buttress, southwest face, FA by Andrej Stremfelj and Pavle Kozjek.<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/><ref name=him-info1/><ref name=Korea>[http://www.k2news.com/sp2002kor.htm "Korean Highway Corporation 2002 Shishapangma Expedition"], k2news.com, 17 May 2002</ref> * 1990: Left-hand couloir, southwest face (not reaching the main summit),<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/> Wojciech Kurtyka (Poland), FA by Erhard Loretan (Switzerland) and Jean Troillet (Switzerland).<ref name=him-info1/><ref name=evnews>[http://www.everestnews.com/sproute.htm " Korean Alpinists Climb New Route on SW Face of Shishapangma"], everestnews.com.</ref> * 1993: Far-right couloir, southwest face, FA solo by Krzysztof Wielicki (Poland).<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/><ref name=him-info1/><ref name=evnews/> * 1993: May 22, Marcos Couch and Nicolás De la Cruz (Argentinian expedition). * 1994: Left-hand couloir, southwest face (not reaching the main summit<ref name=8000ers/><ref name=Sale-Cleare/>), {{ill|Erik Decamp|fr}} (France), Catherine Destivelle (France). * 1996: 9 October, Anatoli Boukreev completed a solo ascent.<ref>"Above the Clouds", pp. 186-197</ref> * 1999: 28 September, Edmond Joyeusaz (Italy), first ski descent from central summit. * 2002: 5 May, "Korean Route" on southwest face, FA by Park-jun Hun and Kang-yeon Ryoung (both South Korean).<ref name=Korea/> * 2002: 26 October: Tomaž Humar (Slovenia), Maxut Zhumayev, Denis Urubko, Alexey Raspopov and Vassily Pivtsov got to the summit. Humar climbed last 200 m (80°/50–60°, 200 m) of ascent and descent (65–75°, 700 m). * 2004: 11 December, Jean-Christophe Lafaille (France) provoked controversy when he climbed the "British Route" on the southwest face, solo, and claimed a winter ascent. Since this was not calendar winter, he changed his claim to an ascent "in winter conditions."<ref name="alpinist_11"/> * 2005: 14 January, first (calendar) winter ascent by Piotr Morawski (Poland) and Simone Moro (Italy) who climbed the south face by the "Slovenian route".<ref name=8000ers>[http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=164 List of ascents at 8000ers.com]</ref><ref name=aaj_2005>{{cite aaj | title = Asia, Tibet, Himalaya, Rolwaling Himal, Shishapangma, First Winter Ascent | date=2005| first =Simone | last = Moro | issn= 0065-6925 |volume =47 | issue= 79 | pages= | access-date = 11 September 2024 |article_id=12200543600|links=off}}</ref> Morawski & Moro had made a winter attempt the previous year, on 17 January 2004 they reached the summit plateau at 7,700m but because of the late hour they faced an unplanned bivouac and a high likelihood of frostbite so they returned to camp, the attempt was abandoned the following day in the face of deteriorating weather.<ref name=aaj_2004>{{cite aaj | title = Asia, Tibet, Himalaya, Shishapangma (Xixabangma), Attempt in Winter and First Winter Ascent of the Southwest Face | date=2004| first =Piotr | last = Morawski | issn= 0065-6925 |volume=46 | issue=78 | pages= | access-date = 11 September 2024 |article_id=12200442303|links=off}}</ref> * 2006: First Portuguese expedition reaching the top of the mountain. João Garcia, Hélder Santos, Rui Rosado, Bruno Carvalho and Ana Santos Silva reached the summit, but Bruno Carvalho died on the descent.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lusa |date=2006-11-01 |title=Alpinismo: morreu português integrado na expedição de João Garcia ao Tibete |url=https://www.publico.pt/2006/11/01/sociedade/noticia/alpinismo-morreu-portugues-integrado-na-expedicao-de-joao-garcia-ao-tibete-1275189 |access-date=2025-01-21 |website=PÚBLICO |language=pt}}</ref> * 2011: 16–17 April, Ueli Steck (Switzerland) soloed the southwest face in 10.5 hours, leaving base camp (5,306m) at 10:30 pm on 16 April and returning to base camp 20 hours later.<ref name="climbing_2011" /><ref name="himspeed_2011" /> * 2014: September 24, Sebastian Haag died along with the Italian mountaineer Andrea Zambaldi in an avalanche.<ref name=double8/> Haag was 36 years old.<ref name=bild/> * 2018: May 3, Bulgarian climber Boyan Petrov disappeared after having been last seen at Camp 3 (~7,400 m). A subsequent two-week search effort found only a few personal items and medicine.<ref>[http://www.dreamwanderlust.com/news/the-final-report-puts-to-rest-all-speculations-surrounding-the-boyan-petrov-search-operation "The final report puts to rest all speculations surrounding the Boyan Petrov Search Operation"], Dream Wanderlust, May 17, 2018.</ref> *2019: October 29, Nirmal Purja (Nepal) made it to the top of Shishapangma six months and six days after summiting his first 8000-metre peak as part of his [https://www.nimsdai.com/bremont-project-possible Project Possible] to climb all 14 eight-thousanders in seven months.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-29|title=For superhuman Nirmal Purja, climbing 'death zone' Everest took only a day|url=https://nypost.com/2021/11/29/how-nirmal-purja-scaled-the-worlds-tallest-peaks-in-record-time/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=New York Post|language=en-US}}</ref>

==References== <references> <ref name=AJ1964> {{cite periodical |periodical=Alpine Journal |date=1964 | volume = 69 | pages = 211–216 | title = The Ascent of Sisha Pangma | author = Cheng, Cho | url = https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1964_files/AJ%201964%20211-216%20Cheng%20Shisha%20Pangma.pdf | access-date = 2020-01-15}}</ref> <ref name="peakbagger"> {{cite peakbagger|pid=10631|name=Shishapangma|access-date=2014-08-24}}</ref> <ref name="dili360"> {{cite web | url = http://www.dili360.com/cng/article/p5350c3d6cd76f83.htm | title = 青藏高原的伟大崛起 | date = October 2009 | language= zh | publisher = China National Geographic | access-date = 2014-08-24}}</ref> <ref name="8000ers2"> {{cite web | url = http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/shisha-pangma-general-info-198.html | title = Shisha Pangma | date = 13 February 2008 | publisher = 8000ers.com | access-date = 2014-08-24}}</ref> <ref name="summitpost"> {{cite web | url = http://www.summitpost.org/shisha-pangma/150807 | title = Shisha Pangma | date = Mar 7, 2007 | publisher = summitpost.org | access-date = 2014-08-24}}</ref> <ref name=aaj_1985> {{Cite journal | author = Carter, H. Adams | title = Classification of the Himalaya | journal = American Alpine Journal | volume = 27 | issue = 59 | year = 1985 | pages = 122–3 | publisher = American Alpine Club | url = http://c498469.r69.cf2.rackcdn.com/1985/109_carter_himalaya_aaj1985.pdf | access-date = 2011-05-01}}</ref> <ref name="alpinist_11"> {{cite web | url = http://www.alpinist.com/doc/ALP11/climbing-note-lafaille-2 | title = Shishapangma, Southwest Face | date = 1 June 2005 | author = Lafaille, Jean-Christophe | publisher = Alpinist Magazine| access-date = 2014-02-02}}</ref> <ref name=bild> {{cite web | url = http://www.bild.de/news/ausland/himalaya/zwei-tote-bei-lawine-37902702.bild.html | title = Tragödie am Gipfel des Shisha Pangma | language = de | date = September 25, 2014 | publisher = bilde.de | access-date = 2014-09-27}}</ref> <ref name=climbing_2011> {{cite web |url = http://www.climbing.com/news/hotflashes/steck_solos_shishapangma_in_105_hours/ |title = Steck Solos Shishapangma in 10.5 Hours |date = 18 April 2011 |publisher = climbing.com |access-date = 2014-02-02 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120723101129/http://www.climbing.com/news/hotflashes/steck_solos_shishapangma_in_105_hours/ |archive-date = 23 July 2012 }}</ref> <ref name=double8> {{cite web |url = http://expedition-double8.dynafit.com/ |title = Avalanche accident at Shisha Pangma |date = September 25, 2014 |publisher = Double 8 |access-date = 2014-09-27 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140927062921/http://expedition-double8.dynafit.com/ |archive-date = September 27, 2014 }}</ref> <ref name=himspeed_2011>{{cite web | url = http://www.himalayaspeed.com/2011/04/news-flash-ueli-solos-shisha-pangma-in-10-5-hours/ | title = News Flash: Ueli Solos Shisha Pangma in 10.5 Hours | date = 19 April 2011 | publisher = himalayaspeed.com | access-date = 2014-02-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140220191303/http://www.himalayaspeed.com/2011/04/news-flash-ueli-solos-shisha-pangma-in-10-5-hours/ | archive-date = 20 February 2014 | url-status = dead }}</ref> </references>

==Sources== * ''A Photographic Record of the Mount Shisha Pangma Scientific Expedition''. Science Press Peking, 1966. * {{cite book | last1 = Scott | first1 = Doug | first2 = Alex | last2 = MacIntyre | title = Shisha Pangma: The Alpine Style First Ascent of the South-West Face | publisher = The Mountaineers Books | date = 2000 | orig-date = 1984 | location = Seattle| isbn = 0-89886-723-1|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=U6usAwAAQBAJ&q=Shisha+Pangma:+The+Alpine+Style+First+Ascent+of+the+South-West+Face| access-date=25 June 2024 }} * {{cite book | last1 = Venables | first1 = Stephen | first2 = Andy | last2 = Fanshawe | title = Himalaya Alpine-Style: The Most Challenging Routes on the Highest Peaks | publisher = Mountaineers Books | year = 1996 | location = Seattle| isbn = 0-89886-456-9 }} * Sale, Richard; Cleare, John (2000): ''On Top of the World (Climbing the World's 14 Highest Mountains)'', lists of ascents, HarperCollins Publishers, {{ISBN|978-0-00-220176-6}}.

==External links== {{Commons category}} *[https://www.himalaya-info.org/shisha_geschichte.htm Shisha Pangma main page on Himalaya-Info.org] *[http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/150807/shisha-pangma.html Shisha Pangma description on Summitpost] *{{cite peakware|id=1004|name=Shishapangma}}  *[http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=164 Shisha Pangma on www.8000ers.com], the complete list of ascent up to 2009 by Eberhard Jurgalski (PDF) *[http://www.everestnews.com/sproute.htm Shisha Pangma on everestnews.com], photodiagram of the routes on the SW face *[http://www.himalaya-info.org/shisha_pangma_panorama.htm himalaya-info.org panoramas from the slopes and peak of Shisha Pangma with exact explanations], images 6 to 13 are from the very top. The topography of variations to the normal route from northern side is explained by the two last photographs (no. 13 and 14), including the view from main summit to the other two. {{in lang|de}}

Category:Eight-thousanders of the Himalayas Category:Mountains of Tibet Category:Climbing areas of China Category:Ultra-prominent peaks of Asia