Pseudotropheus

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox |image=Melanochromis Cyaneorhabdos c02.jpg |image_caption=''Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos'' |image2=Pseudotropheus elongatus LikomaIsland.jpg |image2_caption=''Pseudotropheus elongatus'' |taxon=Pseudotropheus |authority=Regan, 1922 |type_species=''Chromis williamsi'' |type_species_authority=Günther, 1894 }}

'''''Pseudotropheus''''' is a genus of fishes in the family Cichlidae. These mbuna cichlids are endemic to Lake Malawi in Eastern Africa.

==Taxonomy== Like some other large cichlid genera, such as ''Cichlasoma'', a number of related fishes have been recently reassigned to different genera such as ''Tropheops'' or ''Maylandia''. Some species of ''Melanochromis'' in turn have been moved into ''Pseudotropheus''.

There are currently 25 recognized species in this genus:<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Pseudotropheus|month=October|year=2018}}</ref>

* ''Pseudotropheus ater'' Stauffer, 1988 * ''Pseudotropheus benetos'' (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997) * ''Pseudotropheus brevis'' (Trewavas, 1935) * ''Pseudotropheus crabro'' (Ribbink & D. S. C. Lewis, 1982) * ''Pseudotropheus cyaneorhabdos'' (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997) * ''Pseudotropheus cyaneus'' Stauffer, 1988 * ''Pseudotropheus demasoni'' Konings, 1994 * ''Pseudotropheus elegans'' Trewavas, 1935<ref name=Stauffer2016>Stauffer, J.R.Jr., Konings, A.F. & Ryan, T.M. (2016): Redescription of ''Pseudotropheus livingstonii'' and ''Pseudotropheus elegans'' from Lake Malaŵi, Africa. ''Zootaxa, 4154 (2): 169-178.''</ref> * ''Pseudotropheus elongatus'' Fryer, 1956 * ''Pseudotropheus flavus'' Stauffer, 1988 * ''Pseudotropheus fuscoides'' Fryer, 1956 * ''Pseudotropheus fuscus'' Trewavas, 1935 * ''Pseudotropheus galanos'' Stauffer & Kellogg, 2002 * ''Pseudotropheus interruptus'' (D. S. Johnson, 1975) * ''Pseudotropheus joanjohnsonae'' (D. S. Johnson, 1974) * ''Pseudotropheus johannii'' Eccles, 1973 * ''Pseudotropheus likomae'' Konings, Miller, & Stauffer 2024<ref>Konings, Ad & T.A. Miller, J.R. Stauffer Jr. 2024. "Description of a rock-dwelling cichlid that re-invaded the sand substrate in Lake Malaŵi, Africa". Zootaxa. 5399(2):181–189. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.2.7 </ref> * ''Pseudotropheus longior'' Seegers, 1996 * ''Pseudotropheus minutus'' Fryer, 1956 * ''Pseudotropheus perileucos'' (Bowers & Stauffer, 1997) * ''Pseudotropheus perspicax'' (Trewavas, 1935) * ''Pseudotropheus purpuratus'' D. S. Johnson, 1976 * ''Pseudotropheus saulosi'' Konings, 1990 * ''Pseudotropheus socolofi'' D. S. Johnson, 1974 * ''Pseudotropheus tursiops'' W. E. Burgess & H. R. Axelrod, 1975 * ''Pseudotropheus williamsi'' (Günther, 1894)

Several of these were moved to the new genus ''Chindongo'' in 2016.<ref>Li, S.; A.F. Konings; and J.R. Stauffer Jr. (2016). A Revision of the Pseudotropheus elongatus species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) With Description of a New Genus and Seven New Species. Zootaxa 4168 (2): 353–381. {{doi|10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9}}</ref>

==Biology== Mbuna literally means "rockdweller" and this description accurately depicts the lifestyle of these cichlids which mostly live in rocky areas. Most pseudotrophine cichlids are algal grazers in the wild.<ref name=Konings2016>{{cite book |author=Konings, A.F. |year=2016 |title=Malaŵi Cichlids in their natural habitat |edition=5 |publisher=Cichlid Press |page=447 |isbn=978-1-932892-23-9 }}</ref>

Like most cichlids from Lake Malawi, fish from this genus reproduce via maternal mouthbrooding. The males often have egg spots on their anal fins which attract spawn-ready females towards them where they attempt to retrieve the imitation eggs while the male emits sperm into her biting mouth, thus fertilizing the eggs. The female and male generally move in an intensive circular motion while they spawn. Eventually, the female retrieves all of her eggs and incubates them in her mouth without eating for 2–4 weeks depending on the species and the particular fish after which the fry are released. Most, possibly all species of ''Pseudotropheus'' will breed together if given the right environment.<ref name=Konings2016/>

==In aquaculture== Fish of this genus are popular amongst tropical aquarists. They are relatively aggressive fish, usually requiring large aquaria with ample rock coverage for hiding and providing havens from aggression. It is usually important to keep a high population of fish in the aquaria to distribute the aggression. They are extremely hardy fish and can live nearly ten years. It is best to keep them with other African cichlids of similar size.

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Pseudotropheus Category:Cichlid genera * Category:Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan