Maylandia

{{Short description|Genus of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Cichlid-image-rtisbute-steven-viemeister-3-Maylandia-lombardoi-male.jpg | image_caption = Female Kennyi Mbuna or "lombardoi" (''M. lombardoi'') | taxon = Maylandia | authority = M. K. Meyer & W. Förster, 1984 | type_species = ''Maylandia greshakei'' | type_species_authority = M. K. Meyer & W. Förster, 1984 | synonyms = ''Metriaclima'' Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg, & McKaye, 1997 (but see text) }} thumb|left|Male ''Maylandia lombardoi'' '''''Maylandia''''' or '''''Metriaclima''''' is a genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi in East Africa. They belong to the mbuna (rock-dwelling) haplochromines.<ref>Oliver (2009)</ref>

All species in this genus are relatively small fishes, less than {{convert|20|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. Like most Lake Malawi cichlids, exhibit brood care via maternal mouthbrooding. Numerous members of the genus are traded as aquarium fish. They are attractive because they are brightly colored and often very sexually dimorphic; like other cichlids they are not suited for beginners and for most companion tanks.<ref>Clarke (2007)</ref> {{clear left}}

==Name== The name ''Maylandia'', honours the cichlid enthusiast and author about aquaria Hans Joachim Mayland, who died in 2004,<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = https://www.etyfish.org/cichlidae4/ | title = Order CICHLIFORMES: Family CICHLIDAE: Subfamily PSEUDOCRENILABRINAE (l-o) | access-date = 20 December 2018 | author1 = Christopher Scharpf | author2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara | date = 4 December 2018}}</ref> was proposed as a subgenus of ''Pseudotropheus'' in 1984,<ref>Meyer & Foerster (1984)</ref> naming the long-known but undescribed "Ice Blue Zebra" as the type species.

In 1997 Stauffer ''et al''.<ref>Stauffer ''et al.'' (1997)</ref> described the genus ''Metriaclima'', dismissing the pre-existing ''Maylandia'' on the assumption that it lacked a type species and a diagnosis. Two years later Condé and Géry<ref>Condé & Géry (1999)</ref> published an analysis and declared ''Metriaclima'' to be a junior synonym of ''Maylandia'', and ''Maylandia'' hence the valid name of the genus, a view accepted by most ichthyologists.

A few authors, notably Ad Konings, dispute that the original description of ''Maylandia'' is sufficient to establish and maintain the genus. They maintain that "Maylandia" is a ''nomen nudum'' – literally, a "naked name" that does not validly refer to a group of animals as per the rules of the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature''.<ref>Konings (2001, 2005), Stauffer ''et al.'' (1997), Konings & Stauffer (2006)</ref>

In the present article, following FishBase, Catalog of Fishes and the IUCN, the genus name ''Maylandia'' is used.

[[File:Detail of sexually dimorphic mouth structure 110941708.jpg|thumb|right|Male (left) and female Cobalt Zebras (''M. callainos'') are not dichromatic, but have different mouths]]

==Species== There are currently 30 recognized species in this genus:<ref>{{FishBase genus | genus = Maylandia| month = February | year = 2013}}</ref><ref name=Stauffer2013/><ref name=Li/> * ''Maylandia aurora'' (W. E. Burgess, 1976) * ''Maylandia barlowi'' (McKaye & Stauffer, 1986) * ''Maylandia benetos'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia callainos'' (Stauffer & Hert, 1992) (Cobalt Zebra, Cobalt Blue Mbuna) * ''Maylandia chrysomallos'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia cyneusmarginatus'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia emmiltos'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia estherae'' (Konings, 1995) (Red Zebra Mbuna, Red Zebra, Esther Grant's Zebra) * ''Maylandia fainzilberi'' Staeck, 1976 * ''Maylandia flavicauda'' (Li, Konings & Stauffer 2016)<ref name = Li>{{cite journal | author1 = Li, S. | author2 = A. F. Konings | author3 = J. R. Stauffer Jr. | name-list-style = amp | year = 2016 | title = A revision of the ''Pseudotropheus elongatus'' species group (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with description of a new genus and seven new species | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4168 | issue = 2 | pages = 353–381| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.2.9 | pmid = 27701342 | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4168.2.9| url-access = subscription }} Abstract</ref> * ''Maylandia flavifemina'' (Konings & Stauffer, 2006) * ''Maylandia glaucos'' (Ciccotta, Konings & Stauffer, 2011) * ''Maylandia greshakei'' (M. K. Meyer & W. Förster, 1984) (William's Mbuna, Ice Blue Zebra Mbuna, Ice Blue Zebra) * ''Maylandia hajomaylandi'' (M. K. Meyer & Schartl, 1984) * ''Maylandia heteropicta'' Staeck, 1980 * ''Maylandia koningsi'' (Stauffer 2018) <ref name = Stauffer>{{cite journal | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4370.1.7 | author = Stauffer Jr., J. R. | year = 2018 | title = Description of ''Metriaclima koningsi'', a new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malaŵi, Malaŵi, Africa | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 4370 | issue = 1 | pages = 95–100| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.7 | pmid = 29689858 | url-access = subscription }} Abstract</ref> * ''Maylandia lanisticola'' (W. E. Burgess, 1976) * ''Maylandia livingstonii'' (Boulenger, 1899) * ''Maylandia lombardoi'' (W. E. Burgess, 1977) (Kennyi Mbuna, Kenyi Mbuna, Lombardoi Mbuna) * ''Maylandia lundoensis'' (Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings, 2013)<ref name=Stauffer2013>Stauffer, J.R. Jr., Black, K. & Konings, A.F. (2013): [https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03647p136.pdf Descriptions of five new species of ''Metriaclima'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Malawi, Africa.] ''Zootaxa, 3647 (1): 101–136.''</ref> * ''Maylandia mbenjii'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia midomo'' (Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings, 2013)<ref name=Stauffer2013/> * ''Maylandia mossambica'' (Ciccotta, Konings & Stauffer, 2011) * ''Maylandia nigrodorsalis'' (Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings, 2013)<ref name=Stauffer2013/> * ''Maylandia nkhunguensis'' (Ciccotta, Konings & Stauffer, 2011) * ''Maylandia pambazuko'' (Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings, 2013)<ref name=Stauffer2013/> * ''Maylandia phaeos'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia pulpican'' (Tawil, 2002) * ''Maylandia pyrsonotos'' (Stauffer, Bowers, Kellogg & McKaye, 1997) * ''Maylandia sciasma'' (Ciccotta, Konings & Stauffer, 2011) * ''Maylandia tarakiki'' (Stauffer, K. E. Black & Konings, 2013)<ref name=Stauffer2013/> * ''Maylandia xanstomachus'' (Stauffer & Boltz, 1989) * ''Maylandia xanthos'' (Ciccotta, Konings & Stauffer, 2011) * ''Maylandia zebra'' (Boulenger, 1899) (Zebra Mbuna)

==Footnotes== {{Reflist}}

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Wikispecies}} * {{aut|Bailey, Mary}} (2010): [http://worldfish.de/eggspots.html]. "''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' – the case for ''Metriaclima''. ''eggspots'' no. 4: 39-45. * {{aut|Clarke, Matt}} (2007): [https://web.archive.org/web/20070215054150/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/item.php?news=1179 New ''Metriaclima'' described]. ''Pract. Fishkeeping''. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * {{aut|Condé, B. & Géry, J.}} (1999): ''Maylandia'' Meyer et Foerster, 1984, un nom générique disponible (Teleostei, Perciformes, Cichlidae) [''Maylandia'' Meyer and Foerster, 1984, an available generic name]. ''Revue Française d'Aquariologie et de Herpetologie'' '''26:'''(1-2) 21-22. * {{aut|FishBase}} [2009]: [http://fishbase.se/NomenClature/ValidNameList.cfm?criteria=SYNONYMS.SynGenus+%3D+%27Maylandia%27++AND+SYNONYMS.SynSpecies+like+%27%25%25%27+&vtitle=Scientific+Names+where+genus+equals+%3Ci%3EMaylandia%3C%2Fi%3E ''Maylandia'' species]. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * {{aut|International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)}} (2009): ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/http://www.iucnredlist.org/ 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]''. Version 2009.1. Retrieved 2009-SEP-20. * {{aut|Isbrücker, I.}} (1998): ''Maylandia'' oder ''Metriaclima'' ["''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima''"]? ''Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift'' '''51:''' 813 [in German]. * {{aut|Konings, Ad}} (2001): ''Malawi Cichlids in their natural habitat'' (3rd ed.) Cichlid Press, USA. {{ISBN|0-9668255-3-5}} * {{aut|Konings, Ad}} (2005): [http://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=355 ''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'', ...again!]. Retrieved 2007-MAR-02. * {{aut|Konings, Ad & Stauffer, J.R. Jr.}} (2006): Revised diagnosis of ''Metriaclima'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) with description of a new species from Lake Malawi National Park, Africa. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters'' '''17:''' 233-246. [http://www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/pdf/ief17_3_05.pdf PDF abstract and first page] * {{aut|Meyer, M.K. & Foerster, W.}} (1984): Un nouveau ''Pseudotropheus'' du lac Malawi avec des remarques sur le complexe ''Pseudotropheus-Melanochromis'' (Pisces, Perciformes, Cichlidae) ["A new ''Pseudotropheus'' from Lake Malawi and remarks on the ''Pseudotropheus-Melanochromis'' complex"]. ''Revue Française d'Aquariologie et de Herpetologie'' '''10:''' 107-112 [in French{{Verify source|date=October 2009}}]. [http://www.cichlidae.com/article.php?id=355 HTML fulltext] of genus description. * {{aut|Oliver, M.K.}} (2002): [https://malawicichlids.com/mw01012.htm ''Maylandia, Metriaclima'', or ''Pseudotropheus''?]. Version of 2002-JAN-07. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * {{aut|Oliver, M.K.}} (2003): [https://malawicichlids.com/mw17009.htm Validity and availability of ''Maylandia'' – The technical details]. Version of 2003-JAN-08. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * {{aut|Oliver, M.K.}} (2009): [https://malawicichlids.com/mw07000.htm Checklist of the Mbuna Species Flock]. Version of 2009-APR-24. Retrieved 2009-OCT-03. * {{aut|Schraml, Erwin}} (2009): [http://worldfish.de/eggspots.html]. "''Maylandia'' or ''Metriaclima'' – still a matter of debate?. ''eggspots'' no. 2: 5-15. * {{aut|Seegers, L.}} (1998): Von ''Roloffia roloffi'' und ''Maylandia hajomaylandi'' ["On ''Roloffia roloffi'' and ''Maylandia hajomaylandi''"]. ''Die Aquarien- und Terrarienzeitschrift'' '''51:''' 812-813 [in German]. * {{aut|Stauffer, J.R. Jr.; Bowers, N.J.; Kellogg, K.A. & McKaye, K.R.}} (1997): A revision of the blue-black ''Pseudotropheus zebra'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) complex from Lake Malawi, Africa, with a description of a new genus and ten new species. ''Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia'' '''148:''' 189–230. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4065053 Abstract and first page image]

Category:Maylandia * Category:Haplochromini Category:Cichlid genera