{{Short description|Head of government of the U.S. state of Oregon}} {{Infobox political post |post = Governor of Oregon |body = |insignia = Seal of Oregon.svg |insigniasize = 150px |insigniacaption = Seal of Oregon |flag = Flag of Oregon.svg |flagsize = 145px |flagalt = |flagborder = |flagcaption = State flag |image = Tina Kotek, 2021 (cropped).jpg |incumbent = Tina Kotek |department = Government of Oregon |type = Head of government<br />Commander-in-chief |style = The Honorable |residence = Mahonia Hall |incumbentsince = January 9, 2023 |preceded by = |termlength = Four years, renewable once in a 12-year period |inaugural = John Whiteaker |formation = February 14, 1859 (Constitution of Oregon) |succession = Line of succession |salary = $98,600 (2018)<ref name="business-insider">{{cite web |last1=Davis |first1=Dominic-Madori |last2=Ward |first2=Marguerite |title=Here's the salary of every governor in all 50 US states |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/governor-salary-by-state-2018-1 |website=Business Insider |access-date=2 December 2023}}</ref> |website = {{website|https://www.oregon.gov/gov|Official website}} }} The '''governor of Oregon''' is the head of government of Oregon and serves as the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The title of governor was also applied to the office of Oregon's chief executive during the provisional and U.S. territorial governments.
The current governor of Oregon is Tina Kotek, who took office on January 9, 2023. The governor's salary as of 2018 is $98,600.<ref name="business-insider" />
== Constitutional descriptions == Article V of the Oregon State Constitution sets up the legal framework of the Oregon Executive Branch.<ref name = "Article V">{{cite web |title=Constitution of Oregon: Article V, Executive Department |publisher=Oregon State Archives |work=Oregon Blue Book |url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/state-constitution.aspx |access-date=2007-04-21 |archive-date=2018-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024073529/https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/state-constitution.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/OrConst.aspx |title=Bills and Laws OrConst |access-date=2016-09-25 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204195028/https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/Pages/OrConst.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Eligibility=== Article V, Section 1 states that the governor must be a U.S. citizen, at least 30 years of age, and a resident of Oregon for at least three years before the candidate's election. Section 2 extends ineligibility as follows:
{{cquote|No member of Congress, or person holding any office under the United States, or under this State, or under any other power, shall fill the Office of Governor, except as may be otherwise provided in this Constitution.<ref name="Article V" />}}
Section 1 further sets the maximum number of consecutive years a governor may serve, specifying that
{{cquote|no person shall be eligible to such office more than Eight, in any period of twelve years.<ref name="Article V" />}}
There is no specified limit on the number of total terms. John Kitzhaber is the only governor to have served non-consecutive terms. Kate Brown, who completed Kitzhaber's final term after his resignation, was elected to an additional four-year term but was ineligible to run for a second term due to the restriction on serving more than eight years in a twelve-year span.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2018/12/will-deborah-kafoury-run-for-oregon-governor-perhaps.html|title=Will Deborah Kafoury run for Oregon governor? Perhaps|last=Friedman|first=Gordon|newspaper=The Oregonian|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=October 15, 2021|archive-date=October 29, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029173404/https://www.oregonlive.com/politics/2018/12/will-deborah-kafoury-run-for-oregon-governor-perhaps.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Elections and terms of office=== [[File:GovernorsOfficeOregon.jpg|thumb|right|The ceremonial Governor's Office in the Oregon State Capitol]] Sections 4-7 of Article V outline the formal gubernatorial election procedures such as publishing the winner, ties, disputed elections, and terms of office.
The formal process of certification of results of a gubernatorial election ends when the Secretary of State delivers the results to the Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives. The Speaker then will publish the results to a joint session of the Oregon Legislative Assembly.
Where an election results in a tie, a joint session of the next legislative session will vote on the two candidates, and declare the winner governor. Legally contested elections are also decided by the full legislature in whichever manner other laws may prescribe.
===Line of succession=== {{see also|Gubernatorial lines of succession in the United States#Oregon}} The gubernatorial line of succession was modified in 1920, 1946, and 1972.<ref name="Article V" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Temporary governor eliminated: Measure modifies line of succession |work=The Bend Bulletin |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19721025&id=0pcSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gvcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1387,2212415 |access-date=2016-10-07 |archive-date=2017-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505024721/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19721025&id=0pcSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gvcDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1387,2212415 |url-status=live }}</ref> The current list is designated as Article V, Section 8a. It defines who may become or act as the governor of Oregon upon the incapacity, death, resignation, or removal from office of a sitting governor. The new governor (or acting governor) will serve out the remainder of the previous governor's or incapacitated governor's term. A special gubernatorial election is required, if there's more than two years remaining in the previous governor's or incapacitated governor's term. Unlike many states, Oregon does not have a Lieutenant Governor (though in 2007, legislation was proposed to establish such an office.)<ref>{{cite web |title=Proposes amendment to Oregon Constitution to create elective office of Lieutenant Governor. |publisher=Oregon State Legislature |url=http://www.leg.state.or.us/07reg/measures/hjr1.dir/hjr0003.intro.html |access-date=2007-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611121746/http://www.leg.state.or.us/07reg/measures/hjr1.dir/hjr0003.intro.html |archive-date=2011-06-11 }}</ref> The current order is:
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- !colspan=2 | Position !Current office holder !Colspan=2 | Political party |- | 1 |Secretary of State |Tobias Read | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | |Democratic |- |2 | State Treasurer | Elizabeth Steiner | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | | Democratic |- |3 | President of the Senate | Rob Wagner | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | | Democratic |- |4 | Speaker of the House | Julie Fahey | style="background-color:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}}" | | Democratic |} [[File:Joseph Lane (2).jpg|thumb|Joseph Lane was the Southern Democratic candidate for vice president in 1860. He lost to Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin.]] {{reflist|group=note}}
====Transition events==== Four governors have died in office, and five governors have resigned. *After La Fayette Grover resigned in 1877 to become a United States Senator, Secretary of State Stephen F. Chadwick took office; he completed Grover's term and did not seek re-election. *After George Chamberlain resigned in 1909 to become a United States Senator, Secretary of State Frank W. Benson took office. *After Benson fell ill in 1910, he transferred his powers to President of the Senate Jay Bowerman, who was sworn in as Acting Governor.<ref>{{cite web|title=Governor Frank W. Benson|publisher=Oregon State Archives|url=http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6777844|access-date=2017-10-26|archive-date=2019-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017192052/http://records.sos.state.or.us/ORSOSWebDrawer/Recordpdf/6777844|url-status=live}}</ref> Bowerman then became governor upon Benson's resignation,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Moore|first=Kenny|title=Bowerman and the men of Oregon : the story of Oregon's legendary coach and Nike's cofounder|date=2006|publisher=Rodale|isbn=1-59486-190-0|location=[Emmaus, Pa.]|pages=20|oclc=62615881}}</ref> and was defeated in the 1910 gubernatorial election. *After the death of James Withycombe in 1919,<ref name="Withycombe">{{cite web |title=James Withycombe |publisher=Oregon State Library |url=http://www.osl.state.or.us/home/lib/governors/jwith.htm |access-date=2007-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923162342/http://www.osl.state.or.us/home/lib/governors/jwith.htm |archive-date=2006-09-23 }}</ref> Secretary of State Ben W. Olcott took office; he completed Withycombe's term and was defeated in the 1922 general election. *After the death of Isaac L. Patterson in 1929, President of the Senate A. W. Norblad took office; he completed Patterson's term and was defeated in the 1930 Republican primary. *After the death of Earl Snell in 1947, Speaker of the House John H. Hall took office; he lost a special election in 1948 and did not complete the term.[[File:Julius L. Meier 1911.png|thumb|Julius Meier was one of the founders of the Meier & Frank department store.]] *After Douglas McKay resigned in 1952 to become United States Secretary of the Interior, President of the Senate Paul L. Patterson took office; he completed McKay's term and was elected in his own right in 1954. *After Patterson's death in 1956, President of the Senate Elmo Smith took office; he lost a special election later that year and did not complete the term. *After John Kitzhaber resigned in 2015 amid a growing ethics scandal, Secretary of State Kate Brown took office; she won a special election in 2016 and was re-elected in 2018.
===State military forces=== The governor is the commander-in-chief of the Oregon Military Department. Power is granted to the governor to mobilize and deploy state military forces.
===Pardons=== [[File:Mark Hatfield – 1967.jpg|thumb|Mark Hatfield went on to become one of the most influential senators in Oregon history.{{citation needed|date=January 2023}}]]The power to grant pardons and reprieves and to commute sentences is granted to the governor, with limitations placed upon cases of treason. Additionally, the governor can remit fines and forfeitures. Any use of these powers, however, must be reported to the legislature.
In treason cases, the governor may only grant reprieves. The final matter of pardons, commuting of sentencing, or further reprieves is referred to the legislature in these cases.
===Legislative=== The governor has the power to veto legislation, which can be overridden by a two-thirds majority in both houses of the legislature, and can veto particular items from an appropriations or emergency bill while leaving others intact (see line item veto).
If needed, the governor may convene a special session of the legislature by proclamation and is empowered to call for special elections to fill vacant seats. Between the vacancy and special election, the governor is able to appoint a replacement if the appropriate county boards are unable to do so within the designated time period.
Annually, the governor addresses the legislature in their State of the State address. In this speech the governor outlines the current conditions of the state, and makes recommendations to the assembly as to what the government's priorities ought to be.
===Appointments=== If the legislature is out of session, the governor may appoint replacements to fill state offices until elections are held or the legislature reconvenes (see recess appointment).
== Official residence == [[File:T. A. Livesley House 90000684 Marion County, OR.jpg|thumb|Mahonia Hall, the official residence of the governor of Oregon]] Mahonia Hall in Salem is the official governor's mansion.<ref>{{cite web |title=Architecture |publisher=State of Oregon Highway - Geo-Environmental Section |url=http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/architecture1.shtml |access-date=2007-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070506053249/http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/GEOENVIRONMENTAL/architecture1.shtml |archive-date=2007-05-06 }}</ref> The house was built in 1924 for hops grower Thomas A. Livesley. It was named Mahonia Hall after citizens raised funds in 1988 to purchase it as Oregon's first official governors' mansion.<ref>[http://photos.salemhistory.net/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/specialcol&CISOPTR=1751&CISOBOX=1&REC=5 "Livesley House/Mahonia Hall, Salem, Oregon 1992"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106104849/https://photos.salemhistory.net/digital/collection/specialcol/id/1751 |date=2023-11-06 }}. ''Oregon Historic Photograph Collections'', Salem Public Library. Retrieved January 11, 2011.</ref>
Before the purchase of Mahonia Hall, whatever house the governor rented became the "Governor's mansion".<ref name=Lib1>{{Cite web|url=https://photos.salemhistory.net/digital/collection/sj/id/94|title=CONTENTdm|website=photos.salemhistory.net}}</ref> Governors Atiyeh and McCall lived in the 1929 Stiff-Jarman House, an English cottage-style (also characterized as Arts and Crafts style)<ref name=Lib2>{{Cite web|url=https://photos.salemhistory.net/digital/collection/specialcol/id/477|title=CONTENTdm|website=photos.salemhistory.net}}</ref> residence in the North Capitol Mall Historic Redevelopment area.<ref name=DASad>{{Cite web |url=http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/FAC/docs/office_space_avail.pdf |title=Oregon Department of Administrative Services, New State Owned Office Space Available |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-date=2011-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609080559/http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/FAC/docs/office_space_avail.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=DASreport>{{Cite web |url=http://www.das.state.or.us/DAS/FAC/docs/nmob_pilotrpt.pdf |title=North Mall Office Building, Department of Administrative Services, Sustainable State Facilities Guidelines Policy, Pilot Project Report |access-date=2010-02-16 |archive-date=2008-09-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910082923/http://www.das.state.or.us/DAS/FAC/docs/nmob_pilotrpt.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> After the end of Atiyeh's term, the Stiff-Jarman House became the headquarters of the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality.<ref name=Lib2/> Today the building houses rented offices.<ref name=DASad/>
== Provisional government (1843–1849) ==
Meetings at Champoeg led up to the first constitution of the Oregon Country, and a petition for U.S. territorial status. The resulting acts also created this body as a provisional government for the region. The first executives of this government were a three-person, elected committee known as the Executive Committee. In 1845, elections for a chief executive were held. The first person in Oregon to hold the title of governor was George Abernethy, a prominent businessman.<ref>{{cite web |title=George Abernethy |publisher=Oregon State Library |url=http://www.osl.state.or.us/home/lib/governors/ga.htm |access-date=2007-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923162317/http://www.osl.state.or.us/home/lib/governors/ga.htm |archive-date=2006-09-23 }}</ref>
==Timeline== {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" | <strong>Timeline of Oregon governors</strong> |- | <div class="center">{{#tag:timeline| ImageSize = width:1500 height:auto barincrement:18 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:20 right:130 left:10 AlignBars = late DateFormat = x.y Period = from:1847.90 till:{{#expr:{{#time:Y}}+{{#time:m}}/6}} TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1850 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1848
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barset:Governors from:1853.37 till:1853.38 color:noparty text:"Joseph Lane" from:1849.75 till:1853.37 color:noparty text:"John P. Gaines" from:1853.58 till:1854.68 color:noparty text:"John Wesley Davis" from:1854.84 till:1858.52 color:noparty text:"George Law Curry" from:1858.52 till:1862.69 color:dem text:"John Whiteaker" from:1862.69 till:1866.7 color:rep text:"A. C. Gibbs" from:1866.7 till:1870.7 color:rep text:"George Lemuel Woods" from:1870.7 till:1877.09 color:dem text:"La Fayette Grover" from:1877.09 till:1878.7 color:dem text:"Stephen F. Chadwick" from:1878.7 till:1882.7 color:dem text:"W. W. Thayer" from:1882.7 till:1887.03 color:rep text:"Zenas Ferry Moody" from:1887.03 till:1895.04 color:dem text:"Sylvester Pennoyer" from:1895.04 till:1899.03 color:rep text:"William Paine Lord" from:1899.03 till:1903.04 color:rep text:"Theodore Thurston Geer" from:1903.04 till:1909.16 color:dem text:"George E. Chamberlain" from:1909.16 till:1910.46 color:rep text:"Frank W. Benson" from:1910.46 till:1911.03 color:rep text:"Jay Bowerman" from:1911.03 till:1915.03 color:dem text:"Oswald West" from:1915.03 till:1919.17 color:rep text:"James Withycombe" from:1919.17 till:1923.02 color:rep text:"Ben W. Olcott" from:1923.02 till:1927.03 color:dem text:"Walter M. Pierce" from:1927.03 till:1929.97 color:rep text:"I. L. Patterson" from:1929.97 till:1931.03 color:rep text:"Albin Walter Norblad Sr." from:1931.03 till:1935.04 color:noparty text:"Julius Meier" from:1935.04 till:1939.02 color:dem text:"Charles Martin" from:1939.02 till:1943.04 color:rep text:"Charles A. Sprague" from:1943.04 till:1947.82 color:rep text:"Earl Snell" from:1947.82 till:1949.03 color:rep text:"John Hubert Hall" from:1949.03 till:1952.96 color:rep text:"Douglas McKay" from:1952.96 till:1956.08 color:rep text:"Paul L. Patterson" from:1956.08 till:1957.04 color:rep text:"Elmo Smith" from:1957.04 till:1959.03 color:dem text:"Robert D. Holmes" from:1959.03 till:1967.02 color:rep text:"Mark Hatfield" from:1967.02 till:1975.04 color:rep text:"Tom McCall" from:1975.04 till:1979.02 color:dem text:"Robert W. Straub" from:1979.02 till:1987.03 color:rep text:"Victor Atiyeh" from:1987.03 till:1991.04 color:dem text:"Neil Goldschmidt" from:1991.04 till:1995.02 color:dem text:"Barbara Roberts" from:2011.03 till:2015.13 color:dem text:"John Kitzhaber" from:2003.04 till:2011.03 color:dem text:"Ted Kulongoski" from:2015.13 till:2023.02 color:dem text:"Kate Brown" from:2023.02 till:$now color:dem text:"Tina Kotek"
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== See also == *List of governors of Oregon
==Notes== {{notelist}}
== References == {{reflist|2}}
{{Navboxes |list = {{Governors of Oregon}} {{Oregon}} {{US Chief Executives}} {{Current U.S. Governors}} {{Oregon statewide elected officials}} }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Governor Of Oregon}} * Category:1859 establishments in Oregon
de:Liste der Gouverneure von Oregon sl:Seznam guvernerjev Oregona