{{Short description|27th Governor of Oregon (1909–1968)}} {{for|the American convicted murderer|Elmo Lee Smith}} {{Use mdy dates|date=September 2011}} {{Infobox officeholder | birth_name = Elmo Everett Smith | image = Elmo Smith portrait.jpg | order = 27th | office = Governor of Oregon | term_start = January 31, 1956 | term_end = January 14, 1957 | lieutenant = <!--Oregon has no Lt. Gov. position--> | predecessor = Paul L. Patterson | successor = Robert D. Holmes | office1 = 40th President of the Oregon State Senate | term_start1 = 1955 | term_end1 = 1956 | preceded1 = Eugene E. Marsh | succeeded1 = Boyd R. Overhulse | office2 = Member of the Oregon State Senate | term_start2 = 1948 | term_end2 = 1956 | party = Republican | education = College of Idaho (BA) | birth_date = {{birth date|1909|11|19|mf=y}} | birth_place = Grand Junction, Colorado, U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|1968|7|15|1909|11|19|mf=y}} | death_place = Albany, Oregon, U.S. | spouse = {{marriage|Dorothy Smith|1933}} | allegiance = United States | branch = United States Navy | service_years = 1943–1945 | unit = Pacific Theater of Operations | battles = World War II | rank = Lieutenant | children = 2, including Dennis Alan Smith }} '''Elmo Everett Smith''' (November 19, 1909{{spaced ndash}}July 15, 1968) was an American politician and newspaper publisher who served as the 27th governor of Oregon from 1956 to 1957. A member of the Republican Party, Smith served two terms as mayor of Ontario, Oregon, from 1940 to 1943 before resigning to enlist in the U.S. Navy during World War II. After returning to civilian life, he served as Ontario mayor for three more terms and was elected to the Oregon State Senate in 1948. He became president of the Senate in 1955. Smith was elevated to the governorship following the unexpected death of Governor Paul L. Patterson on January 31, 1956. A special election in November was called to fill the position for the final two years of Patterson's term. Smith won the Republication primary but lost in gubernatorial election to Democratic nominee Robert D. Holmes.<ref>Sobel, Robert, and John Raimo, eds. ''Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978,'' Vol. 4. Westport, CT: Meckler Books, 1978. 4 vols.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=Elmo Everett Smith |url=https://www.nga.org/governor/elmo-everett-smith/ |access-date=2025-01-16 |website=National Governors Association}}</ref>
Smith was seen as having "a Horatio Alger success story"<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Wright Jr. |first=Thomas G. |date=October 24, 1956 |title=Role of Governor Steers Elmo Smith to Party Leadership |work=Statesman Journal |location=Salem, Oregon |pages=14}}</ref> due to his humble beginnings. He was born in a log cabin and grew up to serve as governor.<ref name=":11" /> He was relatively unknown to the general public across Oregon when he was sworn-in, outside of statehouse political enthusiasts, local newspaper publishers, and the small rural communities of Eastern Oregon.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1968-07-16 |title=Elmo Smith |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/corvallis-gazette-times-former-governor/148453624/ |access-date=2025-01-18 |work=Corvallis Gazette-Times |pages=4}}</ref> When it came to his politics, ''The Oregonian'' in an editorial wrote Smith "earned a reputation as a plain-speaking man who applied the rule of common sense to problems of government. He was conservative in his views on taxation and middle-of-the-road on most subjects."<ref name=":12" />
==Early life and education== Smith came from a long line of Dutch ancestors.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Turnbull |first=George S. |author-link=George Stanley Turnbull |date=February 27, 1959 |title=Governors of Oregon - No. 27 {{!}} Elmo E. Smith; He Backed Good Roads in Senate |work=The Oregonian |pages=10}}</ref> He was born on November 19, 1909, in a log cabin near Grand Junction, Colorado.<ref name=":2" /> He was the fourth of seven surviving children.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1964 |title=Former Governor Elmo Smith Dies |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |pages=1}}</ref> At age 9, he got his first newspaper job working as a paperboy for the ''Grand Junction Daily Sentinel''.<ref name=":5" /> At age 10, his mother died, and at age 13, his father died, leaving him an orphan. He was then sent to live with his aunt and uncle on a cattle ranch near Wilder, Idaho. He supported himself financially as he pursued an education at the College of Idaho in Caldwell. Smith received his B.A. in history in 1932.<ref name=":2" /> While in school Smith met Dorothy Leininger who he married on October 8, 1933.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 31, 1989 |title=Dorthy Smith, 78, ex-first lady, dies in Albany nursing home |work=Statesman Journal |pages=5}}</ref> After graduation, the couple moved to nearby Ontario, Oregon, just across the Snake River from Idaho.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |last=Lynch |first=Don |date=February 10, 1956 |title=Ontario Editor Appraises Gov. Smith |work=La Grande Observer |pages=4}}</ref>
In 1933, Smith and his wife Dorothy borrowed $25 from a former classmate to establish a mimeographed pennysaver in Ontario.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://eaglenewspapers.com/about-us/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924071736/https://eaglenewspapers.com/about-us/ |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |access-date=2022-07-25 |website=Eagle Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> Smith went on to work as an advertising manager at the ''Ontario Argus<ref name=":2" />'' before buying his own press to start a rival newspaper in 1936 called the ''Eastern Oregon Observer.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Easterling |first=Jerry |date=1980-01-20 |title=The Eagle is soaring: Newspaper chain undergoes rapid growth in past decade |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/statesman-journal-the-eagle-is-soaring/155250060/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |work=Statesman Journal |pages=66}}</ref>'' His son Dennis Alan Smith was born in 1938.<ref name="congbio">{{cite web |title=Dennis Alan Smith |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000527 |accessdate=2009-07-26 |work=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress |publisher=United States Congress}}</ref> The couple also had a daughter named Janice Elaine Smith.<ref>{{Cite news |date=May 2, 1964 |title=Former Governor's Daughter Is Wed Friday at Albany Rites |work=The Capital Journal |pages=7}}</ref>
== Career ==
=== Mayor of Ontario === At age 26, Smith was elected president of the Ontario Chamber of Commerce.<ref name=":11" /> At age 30, the newspaper publisher was elected Mayor of Ontario in 1940 by a margin of 44 votes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 1940 |title=Elmo Smith Named Mayor of Ontario |work=The Idaho Statesman |pages=1}}</ref> At the time, the town had a population around 3,500.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Hauser |first=Paul |date=May 14, 1944 |title=Elmo Smith's Ontario Puts Postwar Plans in Planes |work=The Sunday Oregonian |pages=46}}</ref> Smith was considered young for his age and had beaten an incumbent running for his seventh term.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 10, 1940 |title=Youngest Mayor? |work=The Idaho Statesman |pages=3}}</ref> Soon after taking office, ''Coronet'', a national magazine, rated Smith as one of five outstanding mayors of small U.S. cities.<ref name=":11" /> Smith played a part in securing government aid from the Works Progress Administration and Civil Aeronautics Board to develop the Ontario Municipal Airport, making it one of the first airfields and civilian training programs at a small town in the U.S. This proved useful to the military when the nation entered WWII.<ref name=":3" />
==== Japanese Americans ==== On Feb. 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, which led to the internment of Japanese Americans. However, Smith called for the federal government to allow Japanese Americans to settle in Ontario.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Prado |first=Emilly |date=September 7, 2018 |title=How Ontario, Oregon, became a haven for immigrant families |url=https://www.streetroots.org/news/2018/09/07/how-ontario-oregon-became-haven-immigrant-families |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Street Roots |language=en}}</ref> Smith told the Associated Press "If the Japs, both alien and nationals, are a menace to the Pacific Coast safety unless they are moved inland, it appears downright cowardly to take any other stand than to put out the call, 'Send them along; we'll cooperate to the fullest possible extent in taking care of them.'"<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last1=Kinoshita |first1=Robert |title=Silent Scars of Healing Hands |last2=Tanaka |first2=Benjamin |last3=Tanaka |first3=Augustus "Gus" |publisher=California State University |year=2004 |editor1-last=Hirahara |editor1-first=Naomi |place=Fullerton, CA |page=143 |chapter=Resettlement and return to the West Coast |editor2-last=Jensen |editor2-first=Gwenn |department=Center for Oral and Public History}}</ref> Following, the adoption of Civilian Restrictive Order 2, Japanese Americans living in Oregon were able to leave the makeshift living quarters at the Portland Assembly Center and move to Ontario.<ref name=":7" /> A population of about 134 in the city and surrounding county before the war ballooned to 1,000 as Malheur County recruited farm workers during the war.<ref name=":8" />
At this time much of the West Coast supported their exclusion.<ref name=":8" /> "No Japs Allowed" signs were posted across the river in nearby Payette, Idaho.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Davila |first=Florangela |date=February 17, 2002 |title=Town opened doors for war's outcasts |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/20020217/ontario17m/town-opened-doors-for-wars-outcasts |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=The Seattle Times}}</ref> Smith hired Japanese Americans to care for his children.<ref name=":9" /> He also wrote positive editorials about Japanese immigrants to combat xenophobia. By 1950, Ontario boasted the highest Japanese-American population per capita in all of Oregon.<ref name=":7" /> "Elmo Smith encouraged the community to be compassionate to us, to understand that they needed us," Japanese American George Iseri said. "He said, 'These people are Americans. They're legal residents. They did nothing wrong.' He just had a lot of common sense."<ref name=":9" />
==== Naval Air Transport Service ==== Smith was re-elected mayor but resigned halfway through his second term to enlist in the U.S. Navy during the Second World War. Smith, dubbed the "Flying Mayor," was named commander of eastern Oregon units of the Civil Air Patrol on April 3, 1942. His first assignment was searching for a missing Martin B-26 Marauder. Smith's squadron later helped deliver mail from Pendleton to Boise.<ref name=":3" /> Locals called the route the “coffin mail run.”<ref>{{Cite news |last=Fish |first=Edmond S. |date=January 1944 |title=Keepers of the City Keys {{!}} Elmo Smith |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_coronet_1944-01_15_3/page/86/mode/2up?q=elmo+smith |work=Coronet |pages=86 |volume=15 |issue=13}}</ref> Smith earned the rank of Lieutenant,<ref name=":3" /> serving in the Pacific Theater of Operations for 18 months. He flew transport planes, and later commanded an air transport base in the South Pacific.<ref name=":4" /> He won special commendation for leadership in a crisis.<ref name=":5" /> That was for the rescue of five survivors from a transport crash.<ref name=":11" /> Smith returned to civilian life at the war's conclusion, but would continue to fly planes at campaign events.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=July 17, 1968 |title=ELMO SMITH, 58, COAST PUBLISHER; Oregon Governor for Brief Period in 1956 Is Dead |work=The New York Times |pages=43}}</ref>
==== Return home ==== Upon returning to Ontario in March 1946, Smith resumed his role as publisher the ''Eastern Oregon Observer,'' which he had leased during his overseas deployment to Orval Thompson.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 14, 1946 |title=Takes Over Ontario Paper |work=The Eugene Guard |pages=9}}</ref> Later that year in November Smith was elected Ontario mayor for a third term.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 7, 1946 |title=Mayor Returned |work=The Oregonian |pages=6}}</ref> He would go on to be elected mayor five times total.<ref name=":4" /> In December 1946, Smith sold the ''Observer'' to Jessica Longston and Robert Pollock<ref>{{Cite news |date=December 8, 1946 |title=Malheur Weekly Sale Announced |work=The Sunday Oregonian |pages=18}}</ref>''<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |date=August 30, 1947 |title=Pair Purchase Ontario Newspaper |work=The Idaho Statesman |pages=5}}</ref>'' and used the proceeds to purchase the ''Blue Mountain Eagle'' in June 1948.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 4, 1948 |title=Elmo Smith Purchases Eagle-Ranger Pub. Co. Effective June 1, 1948 |work=The Blue Mountain Eagle |pages=1}}</ref><ref name=":02"/> He later moved to John Day to manage the paper.<ref name=":5" /> That same day Smith and his friend Bill Robinson purchased ''The Madras Pioneer<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 1, 1948 |title=Two Men Buy Madras Pioneer |work=The Bend Bulletin |pages=5}}</ref>'' and the family business was incorporated as Blue Mountain Eagle Newspapers, Inc.<ref name=":02" /> Oscar W. Lange Jr. bought into the ''Pioneer'' a few months later as a third owner.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 21, 1948 |title=Buys Interest In Madras Paper |work=The Bend Bulletin |pages=5}}</ref> Also of note, in July 1947, the City of Ontario under Smith issued and approved its first ever special tax levy.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 1, 1947 |title=First Special Tax Levy in Ontario Vote |work=The News-Review |location=Roseburg, Oregon |pages=1 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
=== Oregon State Senate ===
==== First session ==== In 1948, Smith was elected to represent Grant, Malheur, and Harney counties in the state senate.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 4, 1948 |title=News Faces in State Legislature; Turnover Runs Biggest in Years |work=The Oregon Daily Journal |pages=23}}</ref> He would go on to be a leader in promoting legislation for good roads and clean water.<ref name=":5" /> But before taking office he was immediately met with a large amount attention as he was one of four senators who hadn't yet expressed their support for one of two candidates for senate president, with one reporter writing, "Smith has been the victim of ear-bending telephone conversations which have kept the long lines humming out of John Day and Ontario."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hauser |first=Paul |date=December 11, 1948 |title=State Senate Gavel Race Nearing Final Showdown |work=The Oregonian |pages=24}}</ref> The votes were tied until Smith switched his support from Carl Engdahl to William E. Walsh, who got the job.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Smyth |first=Larry |date=December 13, 1948 |title=Walsh of Coos Bay Will Wield Gavel Over State Senate |work=The Oregon Daily Journal |pages=1}}</ref>
==== Roads and highways ==== Smith served on the roads and highways committee in the 1949 session and was chairman in 1951. In that role, he pushed the legislation giving the Oregon State Highway Department the right to issue bonds to fix the state's aging roads.<ref name=":5" /> The program brought in $72 million and "transformed Oregon's highway's into economic assets."<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=Oct 12, 1956 |title=Elmo Smith Able Successor To Gov. Paul Patterson |work=The Oregonian |pages=28}}</ref>
Smith grew to statewide prominence in a fight against the trucking industry. The legislature passed a bill to add a weight-mile tax on trucks. Implementing the Motor Carrier Highway Transportation Tax Act was put to voters as a ballot measure. In response, long haul truckers pushed for a competing ballot measure which would amend the Constitution of Oregon to prohibit the weight-mile tax.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shoemaker |first=Mervin |date=June 29, 1952 |title=Outcome of Two Oregon Ballot Measures in November Expected to Affect Future of Highway Building in U.S. |work=The Sunday Oregonian |pages=35}}</ref> Smith was under a lot of pressure from the truckers. Advertisers pulled their accounts out of the ''Blue Mountain Eagle'' and he was bombarded with telegrams.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 1, 1951 |title=Senator Talks of Pressure {{!}} Neuberger Article Accuses Truckers |work=The Sunday Oregonian |pages=16}}</ref> Smith wrote editorials in support of the tax<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=James D. |date=November 1, 1952 |title=State Senator Elmo Smith Refutes Wild Tax Statements |work=The Capital Journal |pages=4}}</ref> and campaigned all over the state. His efforts proved successful.<ref name=":12" /> Voters passed the tax increase and overwhelmingly voted down the trucker's initiative in the 1952 election.<ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Warren |first=William |date=February 11, 1955 |title=Elmo Smith's Study of Procedure Pays Off In Work of Presiding Over State Senate |work=Medford Mail Tribune |pages=13 |agency=United Press}}</ref> For his efforts, one person said Smith was "probably the best-versed layman in highway problems and legislation in the state." Smith was re-elected to the senate in 1952.<ref name=":5" />
==== Water Resources Board ==== Smith was the original sponsor of the Water Appropriation Act, which established the Water Resources Board, an agency created to manage and regulate Oregon's water resources.<ref name=":5" /> It was reorganized decades later into the Oregon Water Resources Department.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Halvorson |first=Gary D. |title=Water Resources Department Agency History |publisher=Oregon State Archives |year=2002 |location=Salem, Oregon |language=English}}</ref>
==== President of the Senate ==== Senator Smith was elected President of the Senate in 1955.<ref name=":6" /> He was expected to inherit the role of Oregon governor if incumbent Paul L. Patterson decided to run for the United States Senate in the 1956 election.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Harvey Jr. |first=Paul W. |date=March 4, 1955 |title=Senate President Elmo Smith Appears Likely GOP Choice To Strengthen Party Stand |work=The News-Review |pages=16 |publication-place=Roseburg, Oregon |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>
=== Governor of Oregon === Patterson announced his candidacy for the U.S. senate and two days later suffered a heart attack while meeting with political advisors in Portland.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spann |first=Kevin |date=May 9, 2022 |title=Paul L. Patterson (1900-1956) |url=https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/patterson_paul/ |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Oregon Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref> He died at 10 p.m. January 31, 1956. The next morning a state police car drove Smith six hours from John Day to Salem. He was sworn in as the 27th Governor of Oregon at 9:36 a.m. on Feb. 1. He was 46.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 1, 1956 |title=Elmo Smith Takes Oath as Governor |work=The Eugene Guard |pages=1 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Smith was the first licensed airplane pilot to serve as Oregon governor.<ref name=":5" /> He owned a private plane but agreed not to fly it while in office, a concession to party leaders who recalled the 1947 Oregon Beechcraft Bonanza crash that killed three state officials.<ref name=":11" />
Upon taking the oath of office, Smith immediately began campaigning for the 1956 Oregon gubernatorial special election. He won the Republican primary against "token opposition"<ref name=":11" /> but was defeated in his attempt to win the governorship in his own right and complete the last two years of Patterson's term. Robert D. Holmes, his Democratic challenger, managed to win a narrow victory.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Olson |first=James D. |date=November 8, 1956 |title=Holmes Will Go Into Office About Jan. 14 |work=The Capital Journal |pages=1}}</ref>
== Later life, death and legacy == In 1957, Smith became a co-owner of Democrat-Herald Publishing Co., which published the ''Albany Democrat-Herald.'' He then moved to Albany to work as the paper's publisher.<ref name=":03">{{Cite news |date=April 1, 1957 |title=We'll Keep Moving Forward |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |pages=4}}</ref> A few years later, Smith returned to politics in a bid for the United States Senate seat opened by the death of Richard Neuberger in 1960.<ref>{{Cite news |last=MacNab |first=Gordon G. |date=October 30, 1960 |title=Candidate Smith: He's Hurrying To Shake Hands |work=The Eugene Guard |pages=9 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Smith lost the race to Maurine Neuberger, the Senator's widow.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 9, 1960 |title=Elmo Formally Concedes Victory |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |pages=3 |agency=United Press International}}</ref> In 1961, Smith purchased the ''Hood River News<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 7, 1961 |title=Elmo Smith buys Hood River News |work=The Bend Bulletin |pages=1 |agency=United Press International}}</ref>'' and the ''Cottage Grove Sentinel''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=September 8, 1961 |title=Paper Purchased at Cottage Grove |work=Albany Democrat-Herald |pages=1}}</ref> One year later, he was elected president of the Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association.<ref>{{Cite news |date=June 16, 1962 |title=Elmo Smith Elected President of ONPA |work=The Oregon Daily Journal |pages=4 |agency=United Press International}}</ref>
In 1964, Smith ran for a seat on the Republican National Committee.<ref>{{Cite news |date=March 10, 1964 |title=Smith Set To Accept GOP Helm {{!}} Ex-Governor Out of Race For Part Post |work=The Oregonian |pages=1}}</ref> He withdrew his candidacy to accept the chairmanship of the Oregon Republican Party.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shoemaker |first=Mervin |date=March 22, 1964 |title=Conservative GOPs Support Liberty Plan {{!}} Civil Rights Chairman Raps Action; Elmo Smith Elected State Head |work=The Sunday Oregonian |pages=1}}</ref> That same year Smith acquired the ''Polk County Itemizer-Observer.''<ref>{{Cite news |date=1964-04-16 |title=Polk County Publisher Sells Paper |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-journal-polk-county-publishe/155251252/ |access-date=2024-09-14 |work=The Capital Journal |pages=16}}</ref> In 1966, Smith and his wife took an around-the-world trip which he wrote about in his newspapers. A few years later, the couple toured East Asia and Australia, which he also documented.<ref name=":10" /> In 1968, Smith sold the ''Blue Mountain Eagle''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.bluemountaineagle.com/site/about.html |access-date=2024-09-14 |website=Blue Mountain Eagle |language=en}}</ref> Smith died of cancer on July 15, 1968, in Albany, at the age of 58.<ref name=":4" /> He was buried in the Willamette Memorial Park Mausoleum.<ref name=":10" />
The Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association created the "Elmo Smith Award of General Excellence" in Smith's honor.<ref>{{Cite news |date=July 21, 1972 |title=Capital Journal wins editorial page award |work=The Capital Journal |pages=13}}</ref> The organization also inducted Smith into the Oregon Newspaper Hall of Fame in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Newspaper Hall of Fame Award |url=https://orenews.com/hall-of-fame |access-date=2025-01-17 |website=Oregon Newspaper Publishers Association. |language=en}}</ref>
==References== {{reflist}}
==Further reading== * Klooster, Karl. Round the Roses II: More Past Portland Perspectives, pg. 137, 1992 {{ISBN|0-9619847-1-6}}
==External links== * [https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/Pages/records/governors_guides.aspx Oregon State Archives: Smith Administration] – Photo, bio, records, and some public speeches of Governor Smith. * {{Find a Grave|5963270}}
{{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=Paul L. Patterson}} {{s-ttl|title=Governor of Oregon|years=1956–1957}} {{s-aft|after=Robert D. Holmes}} {{s-ppo}} {{s-bef|before=Paul L. Patterson}} {{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for Governor of Oregon|years=1956}} {{s-aft|rows=2|after=Mark Hatfield}} {{s-bef|before=Guy Cordon}} {{s-ttl|title=Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Oregon<br />(Class 2)|years=1960}} {{s-end}}
{{Governors of Oregon}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Smith, Elmo}} Category:1909 births Category:1968 deaths Category:20th-century Oregon politicians Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II Category:American newspaper publishers (people) Category:College of Idaho alumni Category:Deaths from cancer in Oregon Category:Republican Party governors of Oregon Category:Mayors of places in Oregon Category:Politicians from Albany, Oregon Category:People from Grand Junction, Colorado Category:Politicians from Ontario, Oregon Category:People from Wilder, Idaho Category:Presidents of the Oregon State Senate Category:Republican Party Oregon state senators Category:Oregon Republican Party chairs Category:United States Navy officers Category:Military personnel from Oregon Category:Military personnel from Colorado Category:20th-century members of the Oregon Legislative Assembly