Neolentinus

{{Short description|Genus of fungi}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = NeoLentinus lepideus.JPG | image_caption = ''Neolentinus lepideus'' | taxon = Neolentinus | authority = Redhead & Ginns (1985) | type_species = ''Neolentinus kauffmanii'' | type_species_authority = (A.H.Sm.) Redhead & Ginns (1985) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = ''N. adhaerens'' ''N. cirrhosus'' ''N. cyathiformis''<ref name="Della Maggiora 2014"/> ''N. dactyloides'' ''N. kauffmanii'' ''N. lepideus'' ''N. pallidus'' ''N. papuanus'' ''N. ponderosus'' ''N. schaefferi'' }}

'''''Neolentinus''''' is a genus of wood-decaying agarics with tough (leathery to woody) fruit bodies composed of dimitic tissue, serrated lamella edges, and nonamyloid white binucleate basidiospores among other features.<ref name="Redhead 1985"/> It was segregated from ''Lentinus'' in the broad taxonomic sense, hence the derivation of the name. Biologically ''Neolentinus'' species produce a brown rot type of decay of wood, whereas ''Lentinus'' causes a white rot. Molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the two genera are unrelated.<ref name="Thorn 2000"/><ref name="Hibbett 2001"/><ref name="Hibbett 2002"/><ref name="Binder 2005"/> ''Neolentinus'' is phylogenetically allied to other brown rot genera such as ''Gloeophyllum'', ''Heliocybe'', and ''Veluticeps''. A new order, the Gloeophyllales, has been described for these fungi.<ref name="Hibbett 2007"/><ref name="García-Sandoval 2011"/> ''Heliocybe'' had been placed in synonymy but it differs phylogenetically and anatomically by the lack of clamp connections that all ''Neolentinus'' produce on their generative hyphae.

==Species==

The best known species in this genus is ''Neolentinus lepideus'', sometimes known as the "train wrecker", a name coined because the fungus is one of the few decay fungi that can grow on creosote-treated railroad ties. ''Neolentinus lepideus'' also grows on timbers in old mines, but because it requires light to form its cap, the fungus forms bizarre growth forms when fruit bodies start to form in dark mine shafts or cellars. ''Neolentinus lepideus'' is widely distributed.

''Neolentinus kauffmanii'' decays sitka spruce on the west coast of North America, producing a variation of brown rot called brown pocket rot. ''Neolentinus ponderosus'' is another western North American species found on the ground, growing from the roots of or growing from the stumps of pine, predominantly ''Pinus ponderosa'' in montane areas. In California, it is often solitary, common in the Sierra, and is rare at low elevations. The fruiting commences from late spring to late summer. Sought out when young and tender, it has an excellent taste.

''Neolentinus dactyloides'' is a fire ecology species [http://fungimap.rbg.vic.gov.au/fsp/sp037.html] that fruits from massive subterranean pseudosclerotia in Australia.

==Etymology==

''Neolentinus'' means the new (Latin - ''neo-'') ''Lentinus''. ''Lentinus'' is an older generic name historically applied to a broad group of agarics, and now restricted in application excluding ''Neolentinus''.

==References== {{Reflist|1|refs=

<ref name="Binder 2005">{{cite journal |vauthors=Binder M, Hibbett DS, ((Larsson K-H)), Larsson E, Langer E, Langer G |year=2005| title=The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes) |journal=Systematics and Biodiversity |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=113–157 |doi=10.1017/S1477200005001623|bibcode=2005SyBio...3..113B }}</ref>

<ref name="Della Maggiora 2014">{{cite journal |author=Della Maggiora M. |title=Nomenclatural novelties |journal=Index Fungorum |date=2014-06-24 |url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.171.pdf |issn=2049-2375}}</ref>

<ref name="García-Sandoval 2011">{{cite journal |vauthors=García-Sandoval R, Wang Z, Binder M, Hibbett DS |year=2011 |title=Molecular phylogenetics of the Gloeophyllales and relative ages of clades of Agaricomycotina producing a brown rot |journal=Mycologia |volume=103 |issue=3 |pages=510–524 |doi=10.3852/10-209 |pmid=21186327}}</ref>

<ref name="Hibbett 2001">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hibbett DS, Donoghue MJ |year=2001 |title=Analysis of character correlations among wood decay mechanisms, mating systems, and substrate ranges in Homobasidiomycetes |journal=Systematic Biology |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=215–242 |doi=10.1080/10635150151125879 |pmid=12116929}}</ref>

<ref name="Hibbett 2002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hibbett DS, Binder M |year=2002 |title=Evolution of complex fruiting-body morphologies in homobasidiomycetes |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |volume=269 |issue=1504 |pages=1963–1969 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2002.2123 |pmid=12396494 |pmc=1691125}}</ref>

<ref name="Hibbett 2007">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hibbett DS, Binder M, Bischoff JF, Blackwell M, Cannon PF, Eriksson OE, etal |year=2007 |title=A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi |journal=Mycological Research |volume=111 |issue=5 |pages=509–547 |doi=10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004 |pmid=17572334|citeseerx=10.1.1.626.9582 }}</ref>

<ref name="Redhead 1985">{{cite journal |vauthors=Redhead SA, Ginns JH|year=1985 |title=A reappraisal of agaric genera associated with brown rots of wood |journal=Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan |volume=26 |pages=349–381}}</ref>

<ref name="Thorn 2000">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thorn RG, ((Montcalvo J-M)), Reddy CA, Vilgalys R |year=2000 |title=Phylogenetic analyses and the distribution of nematophagy support monophyletic Pleurotaceae within the polyphyletic pleurotoid-lentinoid fungi |journal=Mycologia |volume=92 |issue=2 |pages=241–252 |doi=10.2307/3761557 |jstor=3761557}}</ref>

}}

==External links== * [http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Neolentinus_ponderosus.html ''Neolentinus ponderosus'' at California Fungi] *{{cite journal |first1=Ivan V. |last1=Zmitrovich |first2=Alexander E. |last2=Kovalenko |title=Lentinoid and Polyporoid Fungi, Two Generic Conglomerates Containing Important Medicinal Mushrooms in Molecular Perspective |journal=International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=23–38 |year=2016 |doi= 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v18.i1.40|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297731892 |format=PDF |pmid=27279442}}

Category:Gloeophyllales Category:Agaricomycetes genera