Lamiaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants}} {{redirect|Mint family|the genus in this family known as "mint"|Mentha}} {{Use American English|date=April 2025}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}} {{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=3}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Lamium purpureum jamestown1.jpg |image_caption = ''Lamium purpureum'' L. |taxon = Lamiaceae |authority = Martinov<ref name=MOBOT>{{cite web |last=Stevens |first=P. F. |title=Lamiales (Lamiaceae Family) |publisher=Angiosperm Phylogeny Website |url=https://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiaceae |issue=Version 12 |date=July 2012 |access-date=25 March 2015 |archive-date=21 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150321062734/http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/lamialesweb.htm#Lamiaceae |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=APGIII2009>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x |doi-access=free |hdl=10654/18083 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> |type_genus = ''Lamium'' |type_genus_authority = L. |subdivision_ranks = Genera |subdivision = {{hatnote|See {{section link||Genera}}}} |synonyms = Labiatae {{small|Juss.}} |synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>{{cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30000097-2 |title=Lamiaceae Martinov. |website = Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew |access-date= 9 November 2025}}</ref> }}

'''Lamiaceae''' or '''Labiatae''' is a family of flowering plants commonly known as '''mints''', '''deadnettles''', or '''sages'''. Many species in Lamiaceae are aromatic, and the family includes many widely used culinary herbs like basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla, as well as traditional medicines such as catnip, skullcap, bee balm, wild dagga, and oriental motherwort.

Some species are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines, but most are herbaceous. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, not only for their aromatic qualities, but also their ease of cultivation through stem cuttings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Retief |first=Elizabeth |date=July 2008 |title=Lamiaceae |url=https://pza.sanbi.org/lamiaceae |access-date=October 15, 2025 |website=PlantZAfrica}}</ref> Many species are cultivated for their aromatic leaves and can have additional edible parts. Some species are grown for seed, such as ''Salvia hispanica'' (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as ''Plectranthus edulis'', ''P. esculentus'', ''P. rotundifolius'', and ''Stachys affinis'' (Chinese artichoke). Many are also grown ornamentally, notably coleus, ''Plectranthus'', and ''Salvia'' species/hybrids.

The mint family as a whole has a cosmopolitan distribution<ref name="heywood2007">{{cite book |first1=Vernon H. |last1=Heywood |first2=Richard K. |last2=Brummitt |first3=Ole |last3=Seberg |first4=Alastair |last4=Culham |title=Flowering Plant Families of the World |publisher=Firefly Books |location=Ontario, Canada |isbn=978-1-55407-206-4 |year=2007}}</ref> comprising about 236 genera<ref name="harley2004"/> and around 6,900<ref name="heywood2007"/> to 7,200<ref name="harley2004"/> species. The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families estimates an even larger number with 7,534 species.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://apps.kew.org/wcsp/incfamilies.do |title=World Checklist of Selected Plant Families |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2017-07-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709174200/http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/incfamilies.do |url-status=live }}</ref> The largest genera are ''Salvia'' (900), ''Scutellaria'' (360), ''Stachys'' (300), ''Plectranthus'' (300), ''Hyptis'' (280), ''Teucrium'' (250), ''Vitex'' (250), ''Thymus'' (220), and ''Nepeta'' (200).<ref name="harley2004"/> ''Clerodendrum'' was once a genus of over 400 species,<ref name="harley2004"/> but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.<ref name="yuan2010">{{cite journal |first1=Yao-Wu |last1=Yuan |first2=David J. |last2=Mabberley |first3=Dorothy A. |last3=Steane |first4=Richard G. |last4=Olmstead |year=2010 |title=Further disintegration and redefinition of ''Clerodendrum'' (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy |journal=Taxon |volume=59 |issue=1 |pages=125–133|doi=10.1002/tax.591013 |bibcode=2010Taxon..59..125Y }}</ref>

The family has traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae;<ref name="harley2004">Harley RM, Atkins A, Budantsev AL, et al. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). ''The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants'' volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. {{ISBN|978-3-540-40593-1}}</ref> in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae should be classified in Lamiaceae<ref name=Cantino>Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). ''Advances in Labiate Science.'' Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.</ref><ref name="wagstaff1998">{{cite journal |first1=Steven J. |last1=Wagstaff |first2=Laura |last2=Hickerson |first3=Russ |last3=Spangler |first4=Patrick A. |last4=Reeves |first5=Richard G. |last5=Olmstead |year=1998 |title=Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=209 |issue=3–4 |pages=265–274 |doi=10.1007/bf00985232|bibcode=1998PSyEv.209..265W |s2cid=601658 }}</ref> or to other families in the order Lamiales.<ref name=MOBOT />

The alternative family name Labiatae refers to the flowers typically having petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (''{{lang|la|labia}}'' in Latin). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name Lamiaceae in referring to this family. The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with five united petals and five united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers, but actually consists of two crowded clusters). The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section,<ref>Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref> but this trait is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

== Genera ==

The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.<ref name="harley2004"/> It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk (*) in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign (+). Other genera have been synonymised. These are marked with a minus sign (-). The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.<ref name="grin">"List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see ''External links'' below)</ref> Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family.

Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information.<ref name="kewlamiaceaelist">List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of ''Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew''. (see ''External Links'' below).</ref> A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html |title=APG list of Lamiaceae genera |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131084023/http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Plants of the World Online'' currently accepts 224 genera.<ref name = powo/>

{{Columns-list|colwidth=15em| * *''Acanthomintha'' {{small|(A.Gray) A.Gray}} * ''Acanthoprasium'' {{small|(Benth.) Spach}} * *''Achyrospermum'' {{small|Blume}} * ''Acinos'' {{small|Mill.}}, synonym of ''Clinopodium'' * ''Acrocephalus'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Acrotome'' {{small|Benth. ex Endl.}} * *''Acrymia'' {{small|Prain}} * ''Adelosa'' {{small|Blume}}, synonym of ''Clerodendrum'' * *''Aegiphila'' {{small|Jacq.}} * *''Aeollanthus'' {{small|C.Mart. ex Spreng.}} * *''Agastache'' {{small|Clayton ex Gronov.}} * *''Ajuga'' {{small|L.}} * *''Ajugoides'' {{small|Makino}} – synonym of ''Paraphlomis'' * *''Alajja'' {{small|Ikonn.}}, synonym of ''Eriophyton'' * *''Alvesia'' {{small|Welw.}} * *''Amasonia'' {{small|L.f.}} * *''Amethystea'' {{small|L.}} * *''Anisochilus'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Anisomeles'' {{small|R.Br.}} * ''Apatelantha'' {{small|T.C.Wilson & Henwood}} * *''Asterohyptis'' {{small|Epling}} * *''Ballota'' {{small|L.}} * *''Basilicum'' {{small|Moench}} * ''Becium'' {{small|Lindl.}}, synonym of ''Ocimum'' * *''Benguellia'' {{small|G.Taylor}} * ''Betonica'' {{small|L.}} * *''Blephilia'' {{small|(L.) Raf.}} * *''Bostrychanthera'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''Chelonopsis'' * ''Bovonia'' {{small|Chiov.}}, synonym of ''Aeollanthus'' * *''Brachysola'' {{small|Rye}} * *''Brazoria'' {{small|Engelm. & A.Gray}} * *''Bystropogon'' {{small|L'Hér.}} * ''Calamintha'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''Clinopodium'' * *''Callicarpa'' {{small|L.}} * ''Cantinoa'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Capitanopsis'' {{small|S.Moore}} * ''Capitanya'' {{small|Schweinf. ex Gürke}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Caryopteris'' {{small|Bunge}} * *''Catoferia'' {{small|(Benth.) Benth.}} * *''Cedronella'' {{small|Moench}} * ''Ceratanthus'' {{small|F.Muell. ex G.Taylor}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Chaiturus'' {{small|Ehrh. ex Willd.}} * *''Chamaesphacos'' {{small|Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''Stachys'' * *''Chaunostoma'' {{small|Donn.Sm.}}, synonym of ''Lepechinia'' * *''Chelonopsis'' {{small|Miq.}} * *''Chloanthes'' {{small|R.Br.}} * *''Cleonia'' {{small|L.}} * *''Clerodendrum'' {{small|L.}} * *''Clinopodium'' {{small|L.}} * *''Colebrookea'' {{small|Sm.}} * ''Coleus'' {{small|Lour.}} * *''Collinsonia'' {{small|L.}} * *''Colquhounia'' {{small|Wall.}} * *''Comanthosphace'' {{small|S.Moore}} * ''Condea'' {{small|Adans.}} * *''Congea'' {{small|Roxb.}} * *''Conradina'' {{small|A.Gray}} * ''Coridothymus'' {{small|Rchb.f.}}, synonym of ''Thymbra'' * *''Cornutia'' {{small|Plum. ex L.}} * *''Craniotome'' {{small|Rchb.}} * *''Cryphia'' {{small|R.Br.}}, synonym of ''Prostanthera'' * *''Cuminia'' {{small|Colla}} * *''Cunila'' {{small|D.Royen}} * ''Cyanocephalus'' {{small|(Pohl ex Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Cyanostegia'' {{small|Turcz.}} * *''Cyclotrichium'' {{small|(Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng.}} * *''Cymaria'' {{small|Benth.}} * ''Dasymalla'' {{small|Endl.}} * *''Dauphinea'' {{small|Hedge}}, synonym of ''Capitanopsis'' * *''Dicerandra'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Dicrastylis'' {{small|Drumm. ex Harv.}} * ''Discretitheca'' {{small|P.D.Cantino}} * *''Dracocephalum'' {{small|L.}} * *''Drepanocaryum'' {{small|Pojark.}} * *''Elsholtzia'' {{small|Willd.}} * *''Endostemon'' {{small|N.E.Br.}} * ''Englerastrum'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * +''Eplingiella'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * ''Equilabium'' {{small|Mwany., A.J.Paton & Culham}} * *''Eremostachys'' {{small|Bunge}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * *''Eriope'' {{small|Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth.}} * *''Eriophyton'' {{small|Benth.}} * ''Eriopidion'' {{small|Harley}} * *''Eriothymus'' {{small|(Benth.) Rchb.}} * ''Erythrochlamys'' {{small|Gürke}}, synonym of ''Ocimum'' * ''Euhesperida'' {{small|Brullo & Furnari}}, synonym of ''Satureja'' * *''Eurysolen'' {{small|Prain}} * *''Faradaya'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''Oxera'' * *''Fuerstia'' {{small|T.C.E.Fr.}} * *''Galeopsis'' {{small|L.}} * *''Garrettia'' {{small|H.R.Fletcher}}, synonym of ''Rokohia'' * ''Geniosporum'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Glechoma'' {{small|L.}} * *''Glechon'' {{small|Spreng.}} * *''Glossocarya'' {{small|Wall. ex Griff.}} * *''Gmelina'' {{small|L.}} * *''Gomphostemma'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}} * *''Gontscharovia'' {{small|Boriss.}} * ''Gymneia'' {{small|(Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Hanceola'' {{small|Kudô}} * *''Haplostachys'' {{small|(A.Gray) Hillebr.}} * *''Haumaniastrum'' {{small|P.A.Duvign. & Plancke}} * *''Hedeoma'' {{small|Pers.}} * ''Heliacria'' {{small|Bo Li, C.L.Xiang, T.S.Hoang & Nuraliev}} * *''Hemiandra'' {{small|R.Br.}} * *''Hemigenia'' {{small|R.Br.}} * *''Hemiphora'' {{small|(F.Muell.) F.Muell.}} * *''Hemizygia'' {{small|(Benth.) Briq.}}, synonym of ''Syncolostemon'' * *''Hesperozygis'' {{small|Epling}} * *''Heterolamium'' {{small|C.Y.Wu}} * *''Hoehnea'' {{small|Epling}} * *''Holmskioldia'' {{small|Retz.}} * *''Holocheila'' {{small|(Kudô) S.Chow}} * ''Holostylon'' {{small|Robyns & Lebrun}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Horminum'' {{small|L.}} * *''Hosea'' {{small|Ridl.}} * *''Hoslundia'' {{small|Vahl}} * *''Huxleya'' {{small|Ewart}}, synonym of ''Volkameria'' * *''Hymenocrater'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''Nepeta'' * *''Hymenopyramis'' {{small|Wall. ex Griff.}} * *''Hypenia'' {{small|(Mart. ex Benth.) Harley}} * *''Hypogomphia'' {{small|Bunge}} * *''Hyptidendron'' {{small|Harley}} * *''Hyptis'' {{small|Jacq.}} * *''Hyssopus'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''Dracocephalum'' * ''Isodictyophorus'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Isodon'' {{small|(Benth.) Schrad. ex Spach}} * *''Isoleucas'' {{small|O.Schwartz}} * +''Kalaharia'' {{small|Baill.}} * *''Karomia'' {{small|Dop}} * ''Keiskea'' {{small|Miq.}}, synonym of ''Collinsonia'' * ''Killickia'' {{small|Bräuchler, Heubl & Doroszenko}} * ''Kudrjaschevia'' {{small|Pojark.}} * *''Kurzamra'' {{small|Kuntze}} * *''Lachnostachys'' {{small|Hook.}} * *''Lagochilus'' {{small|Bunge ex Benth.}} * *''Lagopsis'' {{small|(Bunge ex Benth.) Bunge}} * *''Lallemantia'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''Dracocephalum'' * *''Lamiophlomis'' {{small|Kudô}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * *''Lamium'' {{small|L.}} * *''Lavandula'' {{small|L.}} * *''Leocus'' {{small|A.Chev.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Leonotis'' {{small|(Pers.) R.Br.}} * *''Leonurus'' {{small|L.}} * *''Lepechinia'' {{small|Willd.}} * ''Leptohyptis'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Leucas'' {{small|R.Br.}} * ''Leucophae'' {{small|Webb & Berthel.}}, synonym of ''Sideritis'' * *''Leucosceptrum'' {{small|Sm.}} * ''Limniboza'' {{small|R.E.Fr.}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Lophanthus'' {{small|Adans.}}, synonym of ''Nepeta'' * *''Loxocalyx'' {{small|Hemsl.}} * *''Lycopus'' {{small|L.}} * *''Macbridea'' {{small|Elliott ex Nutt.}} * *''Madlabium'' {{small|Hedge}}, synonym of ''Capitanopsis'' * *''Marmoritis'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''Nepeta'' * *''Marrubium'' {{small|L.}} * *''Marsypianthes'' {{small|Mart. ex Benth.}} * +''Martianthus'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Matsumurella'' {{small|Makino}}, synonym of ''Paraphlomis'' * +''Medusantha'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Meehania'' {{small|Britton}} * *''Melissa'' {{small|L.}} * *''Melittis'' {{small|L.}} * *''Mentha'' {{small|L.}} * *''Meriandra'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''Salvia'' * ''Mesona'' {{small|Blume}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * ''Mesosphaerum'' {{small|P.Browne}} * *''Metastachydium'' {{small|Airy Shaw ex C.Y.Wu & H.W.Li}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * *''Microcorys'' {{small|R.Br.}} * *''Micromeria'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Microtoena'' {{small|Prain}} * *''Minthostachys'' {{small|(Benth.) Spach}} * *''Moluccella'' {{small|L.}} * *''Monarda'' {{small|L.}} * *''Monardella'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Monochilus'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}} * *''Mosla'' {{small|(Benth.) Buch.-Ham. ex Maxim.}} * ''Muniria'' {{small|N.Streiber & B.J.Conn}} * ''Neohyptis'' {{small|J.K.Morton}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * ''Neorapinia'' {{small|Moldenke}}, synonym of ''Vitex'' * *''Nepeta'' {{small|L.}} * *''Newcastelia'' {{small|F.Muell.}} * ''Nosema'' {{small|Prain}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Notochaete'' {{small|Benth.}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * *''Obtegomeria'' {{small|Doroszenko & P.D.Cantino}} * *''Ocimum'' {{small|L.}} * ''Octomeron'' {{small|Robyns}}, synonym of ''Platostoma'' * *''Ombrocharis'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} * *''Oncinocalyx'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''Teucrium'' * ''Oocephalus'' {{small|(Benth.) Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Origanum'' {{small|L.}} * *''Orthosiphon'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Otostegia'' {{small|Benth.}} * +''Ovieda'' {{small|L.}} * *''Oxera'' {{small|Labill.}} * *''Panzerina'' {{small|Soják}} * *''Paralamium'' {{small|Dunn}} * *''Paraphlomis'' {{small|Prain}} * *''Paravitex'' {{small|H.R.Fletcher}}, synonym of ''Vitex'' * *''Peltodon'' {{small|Pohl}}, synonym of ''Hyptis'' * *''Pentapleura'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} * *''Perilla'' {{small|L.}} * *''Perillula'' {{small|Maxim.}} * *''Peronema'' {{small|Jack}} * -''Perovskia'' {{small|Kar.}}, synonym of ''Salvia'' * ''Perrierastrum'' {{small|Guillaumin}}, synonym of ''Capitanopsis'' * ''Petitia'' {{small|Jacq.}} * *''Petraeovitex'' {{small|Oliv.}} * *''Phlomidoschema'' {{small|(Benth.) Vved.}} * *''Phlomis'' {{small|L.}} * *''Phlomoides'' {{small|Moench}} * *''Phyllostegia'' {{small|Benth.}} * ''Physominthe'' {{small|Harley & J.F.B.Pastore}} * *''Physopsis'' {{small|Turcz.}} * *''Physostegia'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Piloblephis'' {{small|Raf.}} * ''Pitardia'' {{small|Batt. ex Pit.}}, synonym of ''Nepeta'' * *''Pityrodia'' {{small|R.Br.}} * *''Platostoma'' {{small|P.Beauv.}} * *''Plectranthus'' {{small|L.Hér.}} * *''Pogogyne'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Pogostemon'' {{small|Desf.}} * *''Poliomintha'' {{small|A.Gray}} * *''Prasium'' {{small|L.}} * *''Premna'' {{small|L.}} * *''Prostanthera'' {{small|Labill.}} * *''Prunella'' {{small|L.}} * *''Pseuderemostachys'' {{small|Popov}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * *''Pseudocarpidium'' {{small|Millsp.}} * *''Pseudocaryopteris'' {{small|(Briq.) P.D.Cantino}} *''Pseudochamaesphacos'' {{small|Parsa}} *''Pseudodictamnus'' {{small|Fabr.}} * *''Pseudomarrubium'' {{small|Popov}}, synonym of ''Phlomoides'' * ''Puntia'' {{small|Hedge}}, syononym of ''Endostemon'' * *''Pycnanthemum'' {{small|Michx.}} * *''Pycnostachys'' {{small|Hook.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * ''Quoya'' {{small|Gaudich.}} * ''Rabdosiella'' {{small|Codd}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Renschia'' {{small|Vatke}} * *''Rhabdocaulon'' {{small|(Benth.) Epling}} * *''Rhaphiodon'' {{small|Schauer}} * *''Rhododon'' {{small|Epling}} * +''Rokohia'' {{small|Z.H.Feng & U.B.Deshmukh}} * -''Rosmarinus'' {{small|L.}}, synonym of ''Salvia'' * *''Rostrinucula'' {{small|Kudô}} * *''Rotheca'' {{small|Raf.}} * *''Roylea'' {{small|Wall. ex Benth.}} * *''Rubiteucris'' {{small|Kudô}} * +''Rydingia'' {{small|Scheen & V.A.Albert}} * ''Sabaudia'' {{small|Buscal. & Muschl.}}, synonym of ''Lavandula'' * *''Saccocalyx'' {{small|Coss. & Durieu}} * ''Salazaria'' {{small|Torr.}}, synonym of ''Scutellaria'' * *''Salvia'' {{small|L.}} * *''Satureja'' {{small|L.}} * *''Schizonepeta'' {{small|(Benth.) Briq.}} * *''Schnabelia'' {{small|Hand.-Mazz.}} * *''Scutellaria'' {{small|L.}} * *''Sideritis'' {{small|L.}} * *''Siphocranion'' {{small|Kudô}} * ''Solenostemon'' {{small|Thonn.}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Spartothamnella'' {{small|Briq.}}, synonym of ''Teucrium'' * *''Sphenodesme'' {{small|Jack}} * *''Stachydeoma'' {{small|Small}} * *''Stachyopsis'' {{small| Popov & Vved.}}, synonym of ''Eriophyton'' * *''Stachys'' {{small|L.}} * *''Stenogyne'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Sulaimania'' {{small|Hedge & Rech.f.}}, synonym of ''Moluccella'' * *''Suzukia'' {{small|Kudô}} * *''Symphorema'' {{small|Roxb.}} * ''Symphostemon'' {{small|Hiern}}, synonym of ''Coleus'' * *''Synandra'' {{small|Nutt.}} * *''Syncolostemon'' {{small|E.Mey. ex Benth.}} * *''Tectona'' {{small|L.f.}} * *''Teijsmanniodendron'' {{small|Koord.}} * +''Tetraclea'' {{small|A.Gray}} * *''Tetradenia'' {{small|Benth.}} * *''Teucridium'' {{small|Hook.f.}}, synonym of ''Teucrium'' * *''Teucrium'' {{small|L.}} * *''Thorncroftia'' {{small|N.E.Br.}} * *''Thuspeinanta'' {{small|T.Durand}}, synonym of ''Stachys'' * *''Thymbra'' {{small|L.}} * *''Thymus'' {{small|L.}} * *''Tinnea'' {{small|Kotschy ex Hook.f.}} * *''Trichostema'' {{small|L.}} * *''Tripora'' {{small|P.D.Cantino}} * *''Tsoongia'' {{small|Merr.}}, synonym of ''Vitex'' * *''Vitex'' {{small|L.}} * *''Viticipremna'' {{small|H.J.Lam}}, synonym of ''Vitex'' * +''Volkameria'' {{small|L.}} * +''Vuhuangia'' {{small|J.S.Raju, Molinari & Mayta}} * *''Warnockia'' {{small|M.W.Turner}} * *''Wenchengia'' {{small|C.Y.Wu & S.Chow}} * *''Westringia'' {{small|Sm.}} * ''Wiedemannia'' {{small|Fisch. & C.A.Mey.}}, synonym of ''Lamium'' * *''Wrixonia'' {{small|F.Muell.}}, synonym of ''Prostanthera'' * ''Xenopoma'' {{small|Willd.}}, synonym of ''Clinopodium'' * *''Zataria'' {{small|Boiss.}} * *''Ziziphora'' {{small|L.}} }}

== Recent changes ==

The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. ''Tsoongia'', ''Paravitex'', and ''Viticipremna'' have been sunk into synonymy with ''Vitex''.<ref name="bramley2009">{{cite journal |last1=Bramley |first1=Gemma L.C. |last2=Forest |first2=Félix |last3=Rogier |year=2009 |title=Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of ''Vitex'' and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia |journal=Taxon |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=500–510|doi=10.1002/tax.582014 |bibcode=2009Taxon..58..500B }}</ref> ''Huxleya'' has been sunk into ''Volkameria''.<ref name="yuan2010"/> ''Kalaharia'', ''Volkameria'', ''Ovieda'', and ''Tetraclea'' have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic ''Clerodendrum''.<ref name="yuan2010"/> ''Rydingia'' has been separated from ''Leucas''.<ref name="scheen2007">{{cite journal |last1=Scheen |first1=Anne-Cathrine |last2=Albert |first2=Victor A. |year=2007 |title=Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the ''Leucas'' clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) |journal=Systematics and Geography of Plants |volume=77 |issue=2 |pages=229–238 |jstor=20649740 |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nbgb/sgp/2007/00000077/00000002/art00004 }}</ref> The remaining ''Leucas'' is paraphyletic over four other genera.<ref name="scheen2009">{{cite journal |last1=Scheen |first1=Anne-Cathrine |last2=Albert |first2=Victor A. |year=2009 |title=Molecular Phylogenetics of the ''Leucas'' Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae) |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=173–181 |doi=10.1600/036364409787602366 |bibcode=2009SysBo..34..173S |s2cid=85894904 }}</ref>

== Subfamilies and tribes ==

In 2004, the Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies, plus 10 genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.<ref name="harley2004"/> The unplaced genera were: ''Tectona'', ''Callicarpa'', ''Hymenopyramis'', ''Petraeovitex'', ''Peronema'', ''Garrettia'', ''Cymaria'', ''Acrymia'', ''Holocheila'', and ''Ombrocharis''. The subfamilies are the Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.<ref name="bramley2009"/> The Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Ajugoideae, and Lamioideae are divided into tribes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Bo |last2=Cantino |first2=Philip D. |last3=Olmstead |first3=Richard G. |last4=Bramley |first4=Gemma L. C. |last5=Xiang |first5=Chun-Lei |last6=Ma |first6=Zhong-Hui |last7=Tan |first7=Yun-Hong |last8=Zhang |first8=Dian-Xiang |date=2016-10-17 |title=A large-scale chloroplast phylogeny of the Lamiaceae sheds new light on its subfamilial classification |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34343 |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=6 |issue=1 |article-number=34343 |doi=10.1038/srep34343 |issn=2045-2322 |pmc=5066227 |pmid=27748362}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> These are shown in the phylogenetic trees below.

By 2026, the APG system has recognized 12 subfamilies; now, ''Callicarpa'' is classified in subfam. Callicarpoideae, ''Acrymia'' and ''Cymaria'' in subfam. Cymarioideae, ''Holocheila'' in subfam. Lamioideae, ''Ombrocharis'' in subfam. Nepetoideae, ''Garretia'', ''Hymenopyramis'', ''Peronema'' and ''Petraeovitex'' in subfam. Peronematoideae and ''Tectona'' in subfam. Tectonoideae.<ref>https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/genera/lamiaceaegen.html</ref>

== Phylogeny ==

Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Zhao |first1=Fei |last2=Chen |first2=Ya-Ping |last3=Salmaki |first3=Yasaman |last4=Drew |first4=Bryan T. |last5=Wilson |first5=Trevor C. |last6=Scheen |first6=Anne-Cathrine |last7=Celep |first7=Ferhat |last8=Bräuchler |first8=Christian |last9=Bendiksby |first9=Mika |last10=Wang |first10=Qiang |last11=Min |first11=Dao-Zhang |last12=Peng |first12=Hua |last13=Olmstead |first13=Richard G. |last14=Li |first14=Bo |last15=Xiang |first15=Chun-Lei |title=An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome phylogenomics |journal=BMC Biology |date=8 January 2021 |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=2 |doi=10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z |pmid=33419433 |pmc=7796571 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.<ref name="harley2004"/><ref name="wagstaff1998"/><ref name="yuan2010"/><ref name="bramley2009"/><ref name="zhong2010">{{cite journal |last1=Zhong |first1=Jin-Shun |last2=Li |first2=Jie |last3=Li |first3=Lang |last4=Conran |first4=John G. |last5=Hsi-wen |first5=Li |year=2010 |title=Phylogeny of ''Isodon'' (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology |journal=Systematic Botany |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=207–219 |doi=10.1600/036364410790862614|bibcode=2010SysBo..35..207Z |s2cid=54808462 }}</ref><ref name="walker2007">{{cite journal |last1=Walker |first1=Jay B. |last2=Sytsma |first2=Kenneth J. |year=2007 |title=Staminal Evolution in the Genus ''Salvia'' (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever |journal=Annals of Botany |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=375–391 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcl176 |pmid=16926227 |pmc=2735309}}</ref><ref name="ryding2010">{{cite journal |last1=Ryding |first1=P. Olof |year=2010 |title=Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae) |journal=Plant Systematics and Evolution |volume=285 |issue=3–4 |pages=165–175 |doi=10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9 |bibcode=2010PSyEv.285..165R |s2cid=24076224 }}</ref>

{{Clade | style=font-size:100%;line-height:90% |label1='''Lamiaceae''' |1={{clade |1=''Callicarpa'' |2=''Tectona'' |label3=Viticoideae (pro parte) |3={{clade |1=''Gmelina'' |2=''Premna'' }} |label4=Viticoideae (pro parte) |4=''Vitex'' |label5=Symphorematoideae |5={{clade |1=''Congea'' |2=''Symphorema'' }} |label6=Ajugoideae |6={{clade |1=''Rotheca'' |2={{clade |1=''Teucrium'' |2={{clade |1=''Ajuga'' |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Oxera'' |2=''Faradaya'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Kalaharia'' |2={{clade |1=''Clerodendrum'' |2={{clade |1=''Volkameria'' |2={{clade |1=''Ovieda'' |2=''Aegiphila'' |3=''Tetraclea'' |4=''Amasonia'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |label7=Prostantheroideae |7={{clade |label1=Chloantheae |1=''Chloanthes'' |label2=Westringieae |2={{clade |1=''Prostanthera'' |2=''Westringia'' }} }} |label8=Nepetoideae |8={{clade |label1=Ocimeae |1={{clade |1=''Lavandula'' |2=''Siphocranion'' |3={{clade |1=''Isodon'' |2=''Hanceola'' |3=''Hyptis'' |4={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Orthosiphon'' |2=''Ocimum'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Plectranthus'' |2=''Coleus'' }} }} }} }} |label2=Elsholtzieae |2={{clade |1=''Elsholtzia'' |2=''Perilla'' }} |label3=Mentheae |3={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Lepechinia'' |2=''Salvia'' |3=''Rosmarinus'' }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Prunella'' |2={{clade |1=''Nepeta'' |2=''Dracocephalum'' |3=''Agastache'' }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=''Origanum'' |2=''Thymus'' }} |2={{clade |1=''Mentha'' |2={{clade |1=''Satureja'' |2={{clade |1=''Clinopodium'' |2=''Bystropogon'' }} |3={{clade |1=''Pycnanthemum'' |2=''Monarda'' }} |4={{clade |1=''Dicerandra'' |2=''Conradina'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} |9={{clade |label1=Scutellarioideae |1={{clade |1=''Holmskioldia'' |2=''Scutellaria'' }} |label2=Lamioideae |2={{clade |1=''Pogostemon'' |2={{clade |1=''Phlomis'' |2=''Lamium'' |3={{clade |1=''Stachys'' |2=''Sideritis'' |3={{clade |1=''Haplostachys'' |2={{clade |1=''Stenogyne'' |2=''Phyllostegia'' }} }} }} |4=''Leonurus'' |5=''Marrubium'' |6=''Moluccella'' |7={{clade |1=''Rydingia'' |2={{clade |1=''Leucas'' |2=''Leonotis'' }} }} }} }} }} }} }} Some more recent studies have focused on clarifying the subfamilial relationships within the family using large chloroplast gene datasets with largely congruent results.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />

{{center|Li et al. 2016 (dataset D270)<ref name=":0" />}} {{clade |label1=Lamiaceae |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Subfamily |sublabel1=Prostantheroideae |1={{clade |1=Tribe Westringieae |2=Tribe Chloantheae }} |2= Callicarpa }} |2={{clade |label2=Subfamily |sublabel2=Nepetoideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Elsholtzieae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Ocimeae |2=Tribe Mentheae }} }} |1={{clade |1=Subfamily Symphorematoideae |2=Subfamily Viticoideae }} |3={{clade |1= Tectona |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Premnoideae |2= Subfamily Ajugoideae |3={{clade |1=Subfamily Peronematoideae |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Scutellarioideae |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Cymarioideae |label2= Subfamily |sublabel2=Lamioideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Pogostemoneae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Gomphostemmateae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Synandreae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Stachydeae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Paraphlomideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Phlomideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Leonureae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Marrubieae |2={{clade |2=Tribe Leucadeae |1=Tribe Lamieae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} {{center|Zhao et al. 2021<ref name=":1"/>}} {{clade |label1=Lamiaceae |1={{clade |1={{clade |label1=Subfamily |sublabel1=Prostantheroideae |1={{clade |1=Tribe Westringieae |2=Tribe Chloantheae }} |2=Subfamily Callicarpoideae }} |2={{clade |label1=Subfamily |sublabel1=Nepetoideae |1={{clade |1=Tribe Mentheae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Ocimeae |2=Tribe Elsholtzieae }} }} |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Subfamily Symphorematoideae |2=Subfamily Viticoideae }} |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Tectonoideae |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Premnoideae |2={{clade |label1=Subfamily |sublabel1=Ajugoideae |1={{clade |1=Tribe Rotheceae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Teucrieae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Ajugeae |2=Tribe Clerodendreae }} }} }} |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Peronematoideae |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Scutellarioideae |2={{clade |1=Subfamily Cymarioideae |label2= Subfamily |sublabel2=Lamioideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Pogostemoneae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Gomphostemmateae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Colquhounieae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Synandreae |2={{clade |1={{clade |1=Tribe Stachydeae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Galeopseae |2=Tribe Betoniceae }} }} |2={{clade |1=Tribe Paraphlomideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Phlomideae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Leonureae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Marrubieae |2={{clade |1=Tribe Leucadeae |2=Tribe Lamieae }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

== Gallery == {{gallery|mode=packed |Lamium purpureum Closeup.jpg|''Lamium purpureum'', showing the bilaterally symmetrical flower |Leucas aspera at Gandipet, Hyderabad, AP W IMG 9054.jpg|''Leucas aspera'' in Hyderabad, India |Origanum vulgare - harilik pune.jpg|Oregano |Orthosiphon pallidus (Jyoti) in Talakona forest, AP W IMG 8284.jpg|''Orthosiphon thymiflorus'' flower |Plectranthus ecklonii fence.jpg|''Plectranthus ecklonii'' |Salvia jurisicii in its native habitat.jpg|''Salvia jurisicii'' |Tetradenia_riparia_03.jpg|''Tetradenia riparia'' }}

== References ==

== External links == *{{Commons category-inline}} *{{Wikispecies-inline}} * [https://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/labiatae.htm Lamiaceae] in [https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/https://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval]. ''delta-intkey.com''. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302171954/https://www.delta-intkey.com/ |date=2022-03-02 }}.

Category:Lamiaceae Category:Lamiales families