{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}} {{Automatic taxobox |image = Endangered Garretts mint flower (5794258452).jpg |image_caption = ''Dicerandra christmanii'' |display_parents = 2 |taxon = Dicerandra |authority = Benth |synonyms_ref = <ref name=wcsp/> |synonyms = ''Ceranthera'' <small>Elliott 1821 not P. Beauv. 1808 nor Raf. 1819</small> }}
'''''Dicerandra''''' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family. ''Dicerandra'' comprises 11 species: six perennial and five annual species. The perennials have narrow ranges in Central Florida with small population sizes and only occur on ancient dune ridges along the Lake Wales Ridge or the Atlantic Coastal Ridge; the annual species occur more broadly on sandhill habitats to the north. The perennials’ habitat has been severely fragmented due to human development over the past century. As a result, all perennial species except one are listed as federally endangered.<ref name=wcsp>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=61138 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>[http://bonap.net/NAPA/TaxonMaps/Genus/County/Dicerandra Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps]</ref> Annual species of the clade have large ranges when compared to perennial members, with distributions of annuals ranging for hundreds of miles from the Panhandle of Florida to southeastern Georgia,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Oliveira|first=Luiz O.|last2=Huck|first2=Robin B.|last3=Gitzendanner|first3=Matthew A.|last4=Judd|first4=Walter S.|last5=Soltis|first5=Douglas E.|last6=Soltis|first6=Pamela S.|date=2007-06-01|title=Molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and systematics of Dicerandra (Lamiaceae), a genus endemic to the southeastern United States|journal=American Journal of Botany|language=en|volume=94|issue=6|pages=1017–1027|doi=10.3732/ajb.94.6.1017|issn=0002-9122|pmid=21636471|doi-access=free}}</ref> with the exception of ''Dicerandra radfordiana'' which is endemic to two sites along the Altamaha river. The genus is characterized by hornlike spurs on their anthers.<ref name="huck">Huck, R. B. (2008). [http://www.brit.org/fileadmin/Publications/JBotResInstTexas_2_2/1163-1164_Huck_Dicerandra_JBRIT2_2__21.pdf ''Dicerandra modesta'' (Lamiaceae): Raise in rank for a disjunct perennial in a new coastal clade in Florida.]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''J Bot Res Inst Texas'' 2:2 1163.</ref>
The phylogenetics of this genus have been studied before; first by Robin Huck in 1987, who described Section ''Dicerandra,'' which includes all species with standard-lobed corollas and exserted stamens, and section ''Lecontea'' which includes ''D. odoratissima'' and ''D. radfordiana'' that have cucullate-lobed corolla species with inserted stamens.<ref name=":1">{{cite book |isbn=978-3-443-78001-2|title=Systematics and Evolution of Dicerandra (Labiatae)|last1=Huck|first1=Robin B.|year=1987 |publisher=Schweizerbart |series=Phanerogamarum Monographiae |volume=19}}</ref> Subsequent studies by plant systematists at the University of Florida have confirmed these sections, in addition to discovering a potential chloroplast capture event in ''Dicerandra immaculata var savannarum.''<ref name=":0" />
==Ecology== ''Dicerandra'' species are found along ancient sand-hill habitats in the southeastern US.<ref name=":0" /> Northern, annual taxa occur mostly on acidic white sand that are remnants of ancient shorelines during the Pleistocene. Southern perennials either occur on red sands along the Lake Wales Ridge or on white sands along the Atlantic coast. They prefer open habitats free from tree cover and rapidly draining soils. Some, like ''Dicerandra cornutissima'', have been reported along Interstate 75 where frequent machine clearing have provided a suitable habitat.<ref name=":1" />
==Species== :<ref name=wcsp /> # ''Dicerandra christmanii'' <small>Huck & Judd</small> = ''Dicerandra frutescens'' var. ''christmanii'' <small>(Huck & Judd) D.B.Ward</small> # ''Dicerandra cornutissima'' <small>Huck</small> = ''Dicerandra frutescens'' var. cornutissima <small>(Huck) D.B.Ward</small> # ''Dicerandra densiflora'' <small>Benth.</small> - northern Florida # ''Dicerandra frutescens'' <small>Shinners</small> - scrub mint - central Florida # ''Dicerandra fumella'' <small>Huck</small> - Florida panhandle, southern Alabama # ''Dicerandra immaculata'' <small>Lakela</small> - Lakela's mint = ''Dicerandra frutescens'' var. ''immaculata'' <small>(Lakela) D.B.Ward</small> # ''Dicerandra linearifolia'' <small>(Elliott) Benth.</small> - coastal plain mint - southern Georgia, southern Alabama, northern Florida # ''Dicerandra modesta'' <small>(Huck) Huck</small> = ''Dicerandra frutescens'' subsp. ''modesta'' <small>Huck</small> # ''Dicerandra odoratissima'' <small>R.M.Harper</small> - rose balm - southern South Carolina, southeastern Georgia # ''Dicerandra radfordiana'' <small>Huck</small> - Radford's balm - McIntosh County in Georgia # ''Dicerandra thinicola'' <small>H.A.Mil</small>l - Titusville mint = ''Dicerandra frutescens'' subsp. ''thinicola'' <small>(H.A.Mill.) D.B.Ward</small>
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== *[https://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=DICER USDA Plants Profile]
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Category:Dicerandra Category:Lamiaceae genera Category:Flora of the Southeastern United States