Henry W. Goddard

{{Short description|American judge (1876-1955)}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = | name = Henry W. Goddard | honorific_suffix = | image = | alt = | caption = | office = Senior Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York | term_start = February 1, 1954 | term_end = August 26, 1955 | office1 = Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York | term_start1 = January 4, 1923 | term_end1 = February 1, 1954 | nominator1 = | appointer1 = Warren G. Harding | predecessor1 = ''Seat established by 42 Stat. 837'' | successor1 = Archie Owen Dawson | pronunciation = | birth_name = Henry Warren Goddard | birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|05|04}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = {{Death date and age|1955|07|26|1876|05|04}} | death_place = Madison, Connecticut | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | citizenship = | party = | other_party = | height = | spouse = | partner = | relations = | children = | parents = | mother = | father = | relatives = | education = New York Law School (LL.B.) | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = | signature = | signature_alt = | website =  | footnotes = }}

'''Henry Warren Goddard''' (May 4, 1876 – August 26, 1955) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Goddard was a federal judge to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Goddard was nominated by President Warren G. Harding on December 28, 1922, to a new seat created by 42 Stat. 837; He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 4, 1923, and received commission the same day. Assumed senior status on February 1, 1954. Goddard's service was terminated on August 26, 1955, due to death.

He died in Madison, Connecticut.

==Education and career==

Born on May 4, 1876, in New York City, New York, Goddard received a Bachelor of Laws in 1901 from New York Law School. He was in private practice in New York City from 1901 to 1923.<ref name="auto">{{FJC Bio|872|nid=1381306|name=Henry Warren Goddard}}</ref> In 1911 he helped found The New York Young Republican Club.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nyyrc.com/history/|title = History}}</ref>

==Federal judicial service==

Goddard was nominated by President Warren G. Harding on December 28, 1922, to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, to a new seat authorized by 42 Stat. 837. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 4, 1923, and received his commission the same day. He assumed senior status on February 1, 1954. His service terminated on August 26, 1955, due to his death in Madison, Connecticut.<ref name="auto"/>

===Notable cases===

Civil cases heard by Goddard included a 1929 suit filed by Anne Nichols against Universal Pictures, alleging that the screenplay for the film ''The Cohens and Kellys'' was plagiarized from Nichols' Broadway play ''Abie's Irish Rose''.<ref name="nyt.blind">{{cite web |date= August 27, 1955|url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30613FA385C177B93C5AB1783D85F418585F9&scp=1&sq=Henry%20Goddard,%20Ex-Jurist,%20Dead&st=cse|title = Page 15 - Henry Goddard, Ex-Jurist, Dead|work= The New York Times| access-date = August 2, 2009 }}</ref> Goddard's conclusion that there had been no copyright infringement was affirmed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in an opinion by Learned Hand.<ref>''Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corp.'', 45 F.2d 119 (2d Cir. 1930); see Gerald Gunther, ''Learned Hand: The Man and the Judge'' (Alfred A. Knopf 1994), pp. 323-25. {{ISBN|0-674-51880-2}}</ref> Goddard also ruled on the invasion-of-privacy case that William James Sidis filed against ''The New Yorker'' magazine, based on an article written by James Thurber; Goddard's decision to dismiss that case was affirmed by the Second Circuit in a widely cited ruling.<ref>''Sidis v. F-R Publishing Co.'', 34 F. Supp. 19 (S.D.N.Y. 1939), ''aff'd'', 113 F.2d 806 (2d Cir. 1940).</ref>

In still another case involving media issues, Goddard signed a consent decree in 1940 ending the practice of block booking of motion pictures into theatres. In 1948, Goddard presided over the case of Danny Gardella, who challenged the antitrust exemption for major league baseball in a dispute arising from his attempt to return to the major leagues after having played a season in the Mexican League.<ref>''Gardella v. Chander'', 79 F. Supp. 260 (S.D.N.Y. 1948), ''rev'd'', 172 F.2d 402 (2d Cir. 1949). Goddard's position was ultimately upheld by the Supreme Court in ''Toolson v. New York Yankees'', 346 U.S. 356 (1953).</ref>

In criminal matters, Goddard was best known as the judge who presided over the second perjury trial of Alger Hiss, in 1949 and 1950, after Hiss's earlier trial before Judge Samuel Kaufman resulted in a hung jury.<ref name="nyu.hiss">{{cite web |year= 2009 |url = http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/henryg.html|title = The Alger Hiss Story|publisher = New York University| access-date = August 2, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="name">pg 183 - {{cite book | last = Steven M. Chermak, Frankie Y. Bailey| title = Crimes and Trials of the Century: From the Black Sox scandal to the Attica prison riots| year = 2007|edition= 2007|pages= 360 | publisher = Greenwood Publishing Group| isbn= 978-0-313-34110-6}}</ref> Goddard was more lenient in his evidentiary rulings than Kaufman had been, allowing both prosecutor Thomas Murphy and Hiss's counsel, Claude Cross, to elicit testimony that Kaufman had excluded, including the opinion of a psychiatrist who had examined the government's key witness, Whittaker Chambers.<ref>{{Cite book| surname = Chambers| given = Whittaker| title = Witness| publisher = Random House| year = 1952| isbn = 0-89526-571-0| pages = 791fn}}</ref><ref>''United States v. Hiss'', 88 F. Supp. 559 (S.D.N.Y. 1950).</ref> Hiss was convicted at the second trial, and Goddard sentenced him to five years in federal prison. In 1952, Hiss moved for a retrial based on newly discovered evidence relating to the typewriter on which certain incriminating documents had been typed. Goddard denied the motion, finding that Hiss failed to establish that he would probably have been acquitted had the new evidence been presented to the jury.<ref>''United States v. Hiss'', 107 F. Supp. 128 (S.D.N.Y. 1952), ''aff'd'', 201 F.2d 372 (2d Cir.), ''cert. denied'', 345 U.S. 942 (1953).</ref>

Goddard also presided over other criminal cases ranging from violations of Prohibition in the 1920s, to espionage charges against German and German-American defendants, including Anthony Cramer,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Knight|first=Alfred H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKhauatvig4C&pg=PA199|title=The Life of the Law: The People and Cases that Have Shaped Our Society, from King Alfred to Rodney King|date=1998|page=199|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-512239-8|language=en}}</ref> during World War II.

==Charity==

Off the bench, Goddard was heavily involved in charity work on behalf of the blind, including appeals for public support for The Lighthouse.<ref name="nyt.blind"/>

==References== {{Reflist}}

==Sources== * {{FJC Bio|872|nid=1381306|name=Henry Warren Goddard}}

{{s-start}} {{s-legal}} {{s-bef|before=Seat established by 42 Stat. 837}} {{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York}}|years=1923–1954}} {{s-aft|after=Archie Owen Dawson}} {{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Goddard, Henry W.}} Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York Category:New York Law School alumni Category:United States district court judges appointed by Warren G. Harding Category:1955 deaths Category:1876 births Category:Lawyers from New York City