{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2025}} {{Use Oxford spelling|date=July 2025}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Fellhanera bouteillei 5533795.jpg | image_caption = ''Fellhanera bouteillei'' | taxon = Fellhanera | authority = Vèzda (1986) | type_species = ''Fellhanera fuscatula'' | type_species_authority = (Müll.Arg.) Vězda (1986) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text. | synonyms_ref = <ref name="urlFungorum synonymy: Fellhanera"/> | synonyms = *''Lobaca'' {{au|Vězda (1983)}} }}
'''''Fellhanera''''' is a genus of mostly leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Ectolechiaceae. Established by the lichenologist Antonín Vězda in 1986 and named in honour of the Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner, the genus comprises 69 accepted species as of 2026. These small lichens form powdery, crust-like growths that adhere tightly to their substrate without developing a true protective skin (a {{lichengloss|cortex}}), and they produce distinctive chemical compounds including roccellic acid and zeorin that help distinguish them from similar-looking genera.
==Taxonomy==
''Fellhanera'' was established by Antonín Vězda in 1986 for a set of mainly leaf-dwelling (foliicolous) lichens with hyaline (colourless), septate ascospores (spores divided by cross-walls) that had been scattered across the catch-all genera ''Bacidia'', ''Catillaria'', and ''Lopadium''. Vězda had earlier treated the group informally as ''Lobaca'', but as ascus structure became a key criterion in the 1980s he split the material into two groups: species with a ''Byssoloma''-type apical apparatus (ascus-tip structure) were placed in Pilocarpaceae (since synonymized with Ectolechiaceae) as ''Fellhanera'', while those with ''Sporopodium''-type asci (and {{lichengloss|campylidia}}; small, curved asexual structures) were moved to ectolechiaceous genera (in or near Ectolechiaceae). He designated ''Fellhanera fuscatula'' (originally described as ''Patellaria fuscatula'' by Johannes Müller Argoviensis in 1881) as the type species and made 17 new combinations at publication.<ref name="Vězda 1986"/>
In Vězda's circumscription, ''Fellhanera'' is {{lichengloss|diagnosis|diagnosed}} by {{lichengloss|biatorine}} apothecia (pale-margined fruiting bodies); a {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}} exciple (a brick-wall–like rim tissue); thin paraphyses that are simple to branched and often anastomosing (joining); and asci sheathed in a thin amyloid gel with an amyloid {{lichengloss|tholus}} (apical dome) of the ''Byssoloma'' type. The ascospores are colourless, ellipsoid (egg-shaped), typically 1- or 3-septate, only rarely weakly {{lichengloss|muriform}} (with a few longitudinal walls); the conidiomata are {{lichengloss|sessile}} and wart-like, producing simple {{lichengloss|pyriform}} (pear-shaped) conidia. Vězda separated ''Fellhanera'' from the genera ''Byssoloma'' and ''Byssolecania'' chiefly by the {{lichengloss|exciple}}: in ''Fellhanera'' it is paraplectenchymatous, whereas many ''Byssoloma'' species have a {{lichengloss|byssoid}} (cottony), often crystal-rich exciple that sometimes only becomes clear after treatment with potassium hydroxide solution, so superficial similarity can be misleading.<ref name="Vězda 1986"/>
The genus name is an anagramhonouring Josef Hafellner,<ref name="Hertel et al. 2017"/> whose studies of ascus morphology underpinned this re-organisation; as delimited by Vězda, all included species were foliicolous lichen.<ref name="Vězda 1986"/>
==Description==
''Fellhanera'' species form a crust-like thallus that adheres tightly to the substrate but never develops a true protective skin ({{lichengloss|cortex}}). When young the surface usually looks powdery or scurfy, ranging from whitish through grey-green to dull ochre, and may break into shallow wart-like bumps or irregular cracks as it matures. Some species produce minute soredia or {{lichengloss|blastidia}}—tiny, easily detached granules that propagate the lichen vegetatively—yet even these remain embedded in the soft, corticolous crust. The algal partner ({{lichengloss|photobiont}}) is a simple green {{lichengloss|chlorococcoid}} cell about 5–12 micrometres (μm) in diameter, and there is little or no distinct {{lichengloss|hypothallus}}, so the colony often merges imperceptibly into the bark or leaf it covers.
Fruiting bodies of ''Fellhanera'' lichens are small, stalkless apothecia that start flat and can become slightly domed; their {{lichengloss|discs}} may carry a delicate white bloom ({{lichengloss|pruina}}) and vary in colour from pale beige or yellow to dark brown. The rim of fungal tissue ({{lichengloss|true exciple}}) is built of rounded cells that can erode with age, leaving the disc exposed. Within, a clear hymenium reacts blue in iodine because each club-shaped ascus has an amyloid cap and coat; eight smooth, colourless ascospores are produced, usually divided by one to seven transverse walls (septa) and sometimes surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Many specimens remain sterile in the field and instead develop plentiful immersed pycnidia—minute pustules whose gaping ostioles release tear-drop-shaped conidia. Chemically the genus is characterised by roccellic acid, zeorin and occasionally usnic acid or asemone; dropping acetone on a scrap of thallus on a microscope slide yields a tell-tale white ring of precipitated substances, a quick test that separates ''Fellhanera'' (chemically positive) from the look-alike genus ''Bacidina'' (chemically negative).
==Species== {{As of|2026|February}}, Species Fungorum accepts 69 species of ''Fellhanera''.<ref name="CoL_CD7RN"/> thumb|right|''Fellhanera silicis'' *''Fellhanera africana'' {{au|(Vězda) Lücking (2001)}} *''Fellhanera albidocincta'' {{au|(Vain.) Lücking (2001)}} *''Fellhanera antennophora'' {{au|Aptroot (2002)}}<ref name="Aptroot 2002"/> *''Fellhanera atrofuscatula'' {{au|Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2004)}} *''Fellhanera azorica'' {{au|van den Boom (2021)}} *''Fellhanera badimioides'' {{au|Lücking, Lumbsch & Elix (1994)}} *''Fellhanera baeomycoides'' {{au|M.Cáceres & Aptroot (2017)}}<ref name="da Silva et al. 2017"/> *''Fellhanera borbonica'' {{au|Sérus., van den Boom & M. Brand (2011)}}<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2011"/> *''Fellhanera bouteillei'' {{au|(Desm.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera bullata'' {{au|Kalb & Vězda (1991)}}<ref name="Vězda & Kalb 1991"/> *''Fellhanera chejuensis'' {{au|Lőkös, S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2013)}} *''Fellhanera christiansenii'' {{au|Sérus. & Vězda (1994)}} *''Fellhanera colchica'' {{au|(Vězda) Llop (2007)}} *''Fellhanera congesta'' {{au|(Vězda) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera cryptocarpa'' {{au|(Riddle) Brako (1989)}} *''Fellhanera crucitignorum'' {{au|C.A.Morse & Ladd (2013)}} *''Fellhanera dominicana'' {{au|(Vain.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera endopurpurea'' {{au|Hafellner & Vězda (1991)}} *''Fellhanera eriniae'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera fallax'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera flavostanhopeae'' {{au|Lücking & R.Sant. (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Fellhanera fragilis'' {{au|(Vězda) Lücking & Kalb (2001)}} *''Fellhanera fuscatula'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera granulosa'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera guatemalensis'' {{au|van den Boom (2014)}} *''Fellhanera gyrophorica'' {{au|Sérus., Coppins, Diederich & Scheid. (2001)}} *''Fellhanera hybrida'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera incolorata'' {{au|P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2017)}} *''Fellhanera ivoriensis'' {{au|Lücking & R.Sant. (2001)}}<ref name="Lücking & Santesson 2001"/> *''Fellhanera laeticolor'' {{au|(Malme) Kalb (2016)}} *''Fellhanera mackeei'' {{au|Lücking & Hürl. (2001)}} *''Fellhanera maritima'' {{au|S.Y.Kondr., Lőkös & Hur (2013)}} *''Fellhanera mastothallina'' {{au|(Vain.) Lücking & Sérus. (2001)}} *''Fellhanera microdiscus'' {{au|(Vain.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera minnisinkorum'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera montesfumosi'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Lendemer (2009)}} *''Fellhanera naevia'' {{au|(Vain.) Lücking & M.Cáceres (2001)}} *''Fellhanera naevioides'' {{au|Lücking, B.Moncada & Álvaro (2023)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2023"/> – Colombia *''Fellhanera nashii'' {{au|van den Boom (2004)}} *''Fellhanera obscurata'' {{au|Herrera-Camp. & Lücking (2004)}} *''Fellhanera ochracea'' {{au|Sparrius & Aptroot (2000)}} *''Fellhanera parvula'' {{au|(Vězda) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera pluviosilvestris'' {{au|P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2019)}}<ref name="McCarthy & Elix 2019"/> – Australia *''Fellhanera pruinosa'' {{au|Meethong, Lücking & Lumbsch (2026)}}<ref name="Meethong et al. 2026"/> *''Fellhanera punctata'' {{au|Lücking (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Fellhanera rhaphidophylli'' {{au|(Rehm) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera robusta'' {{au|P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2017)}}<ref name="McCarthy & Elix 2017"/> *''Fellhanera rubrolecanorina'' {{au|A.B.Peña & Colín (2004)}} *''Fellhanera santessonii'' {{au|Barillas & Lücking (1992)}} *''Fellhanera scottii'' {{au|F.Berger (2021)}} *''Fellhanera semecarpi'' {{au|(Vain.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Fellhanera seroexspectata'' {{au|Sérus. (1996)}} *''Fellhanera silhouettae'' {{au|Aptroot & Seaward (2004)}}<ref name="Seaward & Aptroot 2004"/> – Seychelles *''Fellhanera silicis'' {{au|R.C.Harris & Ladd (2009)}}<ref name="Harris & Lendemer 2009"/> *''Fellhanera stanhopeae'' {{au|(Müll.Arg.) Lücking, Lumbsch & Elix (1994)}} *''Fellhanera stictae'' {{au|Etayo (2017)}} *''Fellhanera stipitata'' {{au|Weerakoon & Aptroot (2016)}}<ref name="Weerakoon et al. 2016"/> – Sri Lanka *''Fellhanera subfuscatula'' {{au|Lücking (1997)}} *''Fellhanera sublecanorina'' {{au|(Nyl.) Vězda (1987)}} *''Fellhanera submicrommata'' {{au|(Vězda) Lücking & Kalb (2001)}} *''Fellhanera subnaevia'' {{au|van den Boom (2021)}} *''Fellhanera subparvula'' {{au|van den Boom (2021)}} *''Fellhanera substanhopeae'' {{au|Lücking (1999)}} *''Fellhanera vezdae'' {{au|(Coppins & P.James) V.Wirth (1987)}} *''Fellhanera subtilis'' {{au|(Vězda) Diederich & Sérus. (1990)}} *''Fellhanera tasmanica'' {{au|Lücking & Elix (2001)}}<ref name="Lücking et al. 2001"/> – Australia *''Fellhanera termitophila'' {{au|Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2013)}}<ref name="Aptroot & Cáceres 2014"/> – Brazil *''Fellhanera tricharioides'' {{au|Lücking & R.Sant. (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Fellhanera tropica'' {{au|Elix (2008)}} *''Fellhanera tubulifera'' {{au|Rain.Schub. & Lücking (2003)}}<ref name="Schubert et al. 2003"/> – Costa Rica *''Fellhanera verrucifera'' {{au|Lücking (1997)}} *''Fellhanera viridisorediata'' {{au|Aptroot, M.Brand & Spier (1998)}} *''Fellhanera vulgata'' {{au|(Malme) Lücking (2021)}} *''Fellhanera wirthii'' {{au|(Vězda) Vězda 1986)}}
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}}
{{Taxonbar |from1=Q5442466 |from2=Q16934698}}
Category:Ectolechiaceae Category:Lichen genera Category:Lecanorales genera Category:Taxa described in 1986 Category:Taxa named by Antonín Vězda