{{Short description|Genus of lichen-forming fungi}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2026}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Byssoloma leucoblepharum - Flickr - pellaea.jpg | image_caption = ''Byssoloma leucoblepharum'' | taxon = Byssoloma | authority = Trevis. (1853) | type_species = ''Byssoloma leprieurii'' | type_species_authority = Trevis. (1853) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = See text | synonyms_ref = <ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy"/> | synonyms = *''Calidia'' {{small|Stirt. (1876)}} *''Limbalba'' {{small|Nieuwl. (1916)}} *''Pilocarpon'' {{small|Vain. (1890)}} *''Tricholechia'' {{small|A.Massal. (1853)}} *''Wainioa'' {{small|Nieuwl. (1916)}} }}
'''''Byssoloma''''' is a genus of leaf-dwelling lichens in the family Ectolechiaceae.
==Taxonomy== The genus was circumscribed by the Italian botanist Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon in 1853.<ref name="Trevisan 1853"/>
==Description== Species in genus ''Byssoloma'' form crustose, effuse (spreading) lichens that lack a {{lichengloss|cortex}} (outer protective layer). Their {{lichengloss|photobiont}}, or photosynthetic partner, is of the {{lichengloss|chlorococcoid}} type, a form of green algae.<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022"/>
The apothecia (fruiting bodies), are {{lichengloss|sessile}} (directly attached to the thallus without a stalk) and approximately circular in shape. They lack a {{lichengloss|thalline margin}} (a rim formed by the lichen thallus) and possess a {{lichengloss|true exciple}}, which is a layer of loosely arranged hyphae that can appear hairy or web-like ({{lichengloss|tomentose}}-{{lichengloss|arachnoid}}) in some species. The hymenium, the spore-bearing tissue, reacts with iodine to turn blue (I+ blue). The {{lichengloss|hamathecium}}, consisting of paraphyses (filamentous support structures), is unbranched or slightly branched and not or only slightly thickened at the tips.<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022"/>
The {{lichengloss|hypothecium}}, a layer beneath the hymenium, is dark red-brown and may turn purple when treated with potassium hydroxide (K) solution in European species. The asci, which are the sac-like structures where spores develop, typically contain eight spores. They have thick walls and a blue-staining apical dome with a darker blue tubular ring structure and an amyloid (starch-like) gelatinous coat.<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022"/>
The {{lichengloss|ascospores}} are three-septate (having three internal partitions), colourless, and found in European species. Asexual reproductive structures, the pycnidia, are also sessile and roughly spherical, usually covered by a layer of loosely interwoven hyphae. The conidiophores (spore-producing cells) are unbranched, forming flask-shaped, {{lichengloss|bacillar}} (rod-like), or ellipsoidal conidia (asexual spores) that are constricted in the middle.<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022"/>
Chemically, argopsin, a secondary metabolite (lichen product), is sometimes detected in one species, but otherwise, ''Byssoloma'' lacks lichen products.<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022"/>
==Species== thumb|right|''Byssoloma meadii'' thumb|right|''Byssoloma subdiscordans'' {{As of|2024|July}}, Species Fungorum accepts 39 species of ''Byssoloma''.<ref name="CoL-Species Fungorum"/> *''Byssoloma annuum'' {{small|(Vain.) G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)}} *''Byssoloma aurantiacum'' {{small|Kalb & Vězda (1990)}}<ref name="Kalb & Vězda 1990"/> *''Byssoloma australiense'' {{small|P.M.McCarthy & Elix (2018)}}<ref name="Elix & McCarthy 2018"/> *''Byssoloma braulioi'' {{small|Lücking (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Byssoloma brunneodiscum'' {{small|W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)}}<ref name="Wang et al. 2020 pp. 387–396"/> – China *''Byssoloma carneum'' {{small|Rain.Schub., Greber & Lücking (2003)}}<ref name="Schubert et al. 2003"/> *''Byssoloma catarinense'' {{small|L.I.Ferraro & Lücking (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Byssoloma catillariosporum'' {{small|M.Cáceres, M.W.O.Santos & Aptroot (2013)}}<ref name="Cáceres et al. 2013"/> *''Byssoloma chlorinum'' {{small|(Vain.) Zahlbr. (1932)}} *''Byssoloma confusum'' {{small|Farkas & Vězda (1993)}}<ref name="Farkas & Vězda 1993"/> *''Byssoloma diederichii'' {{small|Sérus. (1998)}}<ref name="Sérusiaux 1998"/> *''Byssoloma dimerelloides'' {{small|Sipman & Aptroot (1991)}}<ref name="Sipman & Aptroot 1991"/> *''Byssoloma discordans'' {{small|(Vain.) Zahlbr. (1923)}} *''Byssoloma fuscothallinum'' {{small|Lücking (2006)}}<ref name="Lücking 2006"/> *''Byssoloma fuscum'' {{small|van den Boom (2016)}}<ref name="Van den Boom 2016"/> *''Byssoloma humboldtianum'' {{small|Lücking & Kalb (2000)}}<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000"/> *''Byssoloma hypophyllum'' {{small|Lücking & Kalb (2000)}}<ref name="Lücking & Kalb 2000"/> *''Byssoloma kakouettae'' {{small|(Sérus.) Lücking & Sérus. (2002)}} *''Byssoloma kalbii'' {{small|Sérus. (1996)}}<ref name="Sérusiaux 1996"/> – Madeira *''Byssoloma laurisilvae'' {{small|Breuss (2013)}}<ref name="Breuss 2013"/> – Europe *''Byssoloma leucoblepharum'' {{small|(Nyl.) Vain. (1926)}} *''Byssoloma llimonae'' {{small|Sérus., Gómez-Bolea, Longán & Lücking (2002)}}<ref name="Sérusiaux 2002"/> *''Byssoloma maderense'' {{small|Breuss (2014)}}<ref name="Breuss 2014"/> *''Byssoloma marginatum'' {{small|(Arnold) Sérus. (1992)}} *''Byssoloma meadii'' {{small|(Tuck.) S.Ekman (1996)}} *''Byssoloma melanodiscocarpum'' {{small|W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)}}<ref name="Wang et al. 2020 pp. 387–396"/> – China *''Byssoloma microcarpum'' {{small|Kalb & Vězda (1994)}}<ref name="Kalb & Vězda 1994"/> *''Byssoloma multipunctatum'' {{small|Lücking (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Byssoloma murinum'' {{small|Vězda (1987)}}<ref name="Vězda 1987"/> *''Byssoloma orientale'' {{small|K.Miyaz. & Y.Ohmura (2023)}}<ref name="Miyazawa et al. 2023"/> – East Asia *''Byssoloma permutans'' {{small|(Nyl.) Lücking (2013)}} *''Byssoloma rubrofuscum'' {{small|W.C.Wang & J.C.Wei (2020)}}<ref name="Wang et al. 2020 pp. 387–396"/> – China *''Byssoloma rubromarginatum'' {{small|Messuti & de la Rosa (2007)}}<ref name="Messuti & de la Rosa 2007"/> *''Byssoloma spinulosum'' {{small|Sérus. (2011)}}<ref name="Lumbsch et al. 2011"/> *''Byssoloma sprucei'' {{small|(C.Bab. ex Müll.Arg.) Lücking & M.Cáceres (2008)}}<ref name="Lücking 2008"/> *''Byssoloma subdiscordans'' {{small|(Nyl.) P.James (1971)}} *''Byssoloma subleucoblepharum'' {{small|G.Thor, Lücking & Tat.Matsumoto (2000)}}<ref name="Thor et al. 2000"/> *''Byssoloma subundulatum'' {{small|(Stirt.) Vězda (1986)}} *''Byssoloma tricholomum'' {{small|(Mont.) Zahlbr. (1923)}} *''Byssoloma vanderystii'' {{small|Sérus. (1979)}}<ref name="Sérusiaux 1979"/> – Africa *''Byssoloma xanthonicum'' {{small|Aptroot (2014)}}<ref name="Aptroot 2014"/> – New Caledonia
==References== <references>
<ref name="Aptroot 2014">{{cite journal |last=Aptroot |first=André |title=Two new genera of Arthoniales from New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands, with the description of eight further species |journal=The Bryologist |volume=117 |issue=3 |year=2014 |doi=10.1639/0007-2745-117.3.282 |pages=282–289}}</ref>
<ref name="Breuss 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Breuss |first1=O. |year=2013 |title=''Byssoloma laurisilvae'' und ''Thelotrema lueckingii'', zwei neue Flechtenarten aus Madeira |journal=Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde |volume=22 |pages=99–105 |language=de}}</ref>
<ref name="Breuss 2014">{{cite journal |last=Breuss |first=O. |year=2014 |title=Weitere Flechtenfunde aus Madeira |journal=Stapfia |volume=101 |pages=47–51}}</ref>
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<ref name="Cannon et al. 2022">{{cite book |last1=Cannon |first1=P. |last2=Orange |first2=A. |last3=Aptroot |first3=A. |last4=Sanderson |first4=N. |last5=Coppins |first5=B. |last6=Simkin |first6=J. |year=2022 |title=Lecanorales: Pilocarpaceae, including the genera ''Aquacidia'', ''Byssoloma'', ''Fellhanera'', ''Fellhaneropsis'', ''Leimonis'' and ''Micarea'' |series=Revisions of British and Irish Lichens |volume=27 |page=7 |url=https://britishlichensociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/Pilocarpaceae_0.pdf}}</ref>
<ref name="CoL-Species Fungorum">{{Catalogue of Life |id=CCYGL |title=''Byssoloma'' |access-date=13 July 2024}}</ref>
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<ref name="Messuti & de la Rosa 2007">{{cite journal |last1=Messuti |first1=M.I. |last2=de la Rosa |first2=I.N. |year=2007 |title=''Byssoloma rubromarginatum'' (Pilocarpaceae: Ascomycota), a new corticolous species from ''Nothofagus'' forests in Argentina |journal=Mycological Progress |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=235–238 |doi=10.1007/s11557-007-0542-0}}</ref>
<ref name="Miyazawa et al. 2023">{{cite journal |last1=Miyazawa |first1=Kento |last2=Ohmura |first2=Yoshihito |title=''Byssoloma orientale'' (Pilocarpaceae, Ascomycota), a new species from East Asia |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=55 |issue=6 |year=2023 |doi=10.1017/S0024282923000543 |pages=489–495}}</ref>
<ref name="Schubert et al. 2003">{{cite journal |last1=Schubert |first1=R. |last2=Lücking |first2=R. |last3=Lumbsch |first3=H.T. |year=2003 |title=New species of foliicolous lichens from "La Amistad" Biosphere Reserve, Costa Rica |journal=Willdenowia |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=459–465 |doi=10.3372/wi.33.33220 }}</ref>
<ref name="Sérusiaux 1979">{{cite journal |last=Sérusiaux |first=E. |title=Two new foliicolous lichens From tropical Africa |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=11 |issue=2 |year=1979 |doi=10.1017/s0024282979000207 |pages=181–185 |hdl=2268/174506 |url=https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/174506/1/1979%20Lichenologist%2011%282%29.pdf}}</ref>
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<ref name="Species Fungorum synonymy">{{cite web |title=Synonymy: ''Byssoloma'' Trevis., Spighe Paglie: 6 (1853) |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=705 |publisher=Species Fungorum |access-date=5 March 2022}}</ref>
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<ref name="Trevisan 1853">{{cite book |last=Trevisan de Saint-Léon |first=V. |year=1853 |title=Spighe e Paglie. Scritti Botanici Varj |volume=1 |page=6}}</ref>
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<ref name="Wang et al. 2020 pp. 387–396">{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Wei-Cheng |last2=van den Boom |first2=Pieter |last3=Sangvichien | first3=Ek |last4=Wei |first4=Jiang-Chun |title=A molecular study of the lichen genus ''Byssoloma'' Trevisan (Pilocarpaceae) with descriptions of three new species from China |journal=The Lichenologist |volume=52 |issue=5 |year=2020 |doi=10.1017/s0024282920000390 |pages=387–396}}</ref>
</references>
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5004527}}
Category:Ectolechiaceae Category:Lichen genera Category:Lecanorales genera Category:Taxa described in 1853 Category:Taxa named by Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon