Daniel of Galicia

{{more citations needed section|date=May 2024}}{{Short description|King of Ruthenia from 1253 to 1266}} {{Infobox royalty | image = File:Даниил Галицкий (cropped).jpg | caption = Daniel depicted in a miniature from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible (16th century) | name = Daniel | succession = King of Ruthenia | reign = 1253–1266 | predecessor = | successor = Leo I | succession1 = Prince of Volhynia | reign1 = 1205-1206 1215-1238 | predecessor1 = Roman the Great Alexander of Belz | successor1 = Alexander of Belz Vasylko Romanovych | succession2 = Prince of Galicia | reign2 = 1205-1206 1211-1213 1230-1232 1233-1234 1238-1266 | predecessor2 = Roman the Great Vladimir III Igorevich Andrew of Hungary Andrew of Hungary Rostislav Mikhailovich | successor2 = Vladimir III Igorevich Volodyslav Kormylchych Andrew of Hungary Svarn | succession3 = Grand Prince of Kiev | reign3 = 1239-1240 | predecessor3 = Michael of Chernigov | successor3 = Michael of Chernigov | moretext = | religion = Eastern Orthodox Christianity | native_lang1 = Old East Slavic | spouse = Anna Mstislavna of Novgorod Niece of King Mindaugas | issue = Iraklii Danylovich Lev I of Galicia Roman Danylovich Svarn | issue-link = #Family | issue-pipe = more... | era dates = | house = Romanovichi branch of the Rurikids | father = Roman Mstislavich | mother = Anna Angelina | birth_date = 1201 | birth_place = | death_date = {{Death year and age|1266|1201}}{{efn|name=death}} | death_place = Kholm }}

'''Daniel Romanovich'''{{efn|Old East Slavic: Данилъ Романовичь<ref>[http://litopys.org.ua/oldukr/galvollet.htm Galician-Volhynian Chronicle]</ref> or Данило Романович;<ref>[http://litopys.org.ua/oldukr/galvxleb.htm Galician-Volhynian Chronicle]</ref> {{langx|uk|Данило Романович|Danylo Romanovych}};{{sfn|Katchanovski|Kohut|Nesebio|Yurkevich|2013|p=197}}{{sfn|Magocsi|2010|p=124–126}} also known as '''Daniel''' or '''Daniil of Galicia''',{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=178}} or '''Danylo of Halych'''{{sfn|Plokhy|2017|p=85}} ({{langx|uk|Данило Галицький|translit=Danylo Halyts'kyi}}).}} (1201–1266{{efn|name=death|1266 is noted as Daniel's date of death by the ''Traska Annals'', the ''Franciscan Kraków Annals'', and the ''Chronicle of Greater Poland''.{{sfn|Tolochko|2025|pp=570–571}} The traditional death date of 1264<ref name="dictionary"/><ref>{{cite book |title=Biographical Index of the Middle Ages |date=1 March 2011 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-091416-0 |page=296 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=486s3eMkLfgC |language=en}}</ref> is solely based on the erroneous chronology of the ''Galician–Volhynian Chronicle'', which was not present in the original text, but only added by a later editor (who made numerous well-known mistakes).{{sfn|Tolochko|2025|pp=570–571}}}}) was Prince of Galicia (1205–1207; 1211–1212; 1230–1232; 1233–1234; 1238–1266), Volhynia (1205–1208; 1215–1238), Grand Prince of Kiev (1240), and King of Ruthenia (1253–1266).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Войтович |first1=Леонтій Вікторович |title=Генеалогія Рюриковичів і Гедиміновичів |date=1992 |publisher=Avtor |isbn=5-7702-0506-7 |language=uk |page=87}}</ref> He was the son of Roman Mstislavich of Volhynia and Anne-Euphrosyne, the daughter of Byzantine emperor Isaac II Angelos.

Under Daniel's long rule the ''Romanovichi'' branch of Rurikids restored control over Galicia, and the reunited principality rose to become a prominent power, eventually being elevated to the status of a kingdom. Daniel's rule managed to withstand the Mongol invasions, making him a defining personality in the latter period of the existence of Kievan Rus following the decline of Kyiv. The Galician-Volhynian Chronicle praised Daniel as an exemplary ruler, brave warrior and wise statesman, whose qualities as a monarch made him second only to Solomon.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=Natalya Yakowenko|date=2006|publisher=Krytyka|page=103|isbn=9667679829}}</ref>

== Biography == ===Early life and reign=== {{Further|War of the Galician Succession (1205–1245)}} Daniel's father, Roman the Great, united the principalities of Galicia and Volhynia in 1199.<ref name="dictionary">{{cite book |last1=Langer |first1=Lawrence N. |title=Historical Dictionary of Medieval Russia |date=15 September 2021 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-1942-6 |page=42 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y8I6EAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref> After his death in 1205, the boyars of Galicia forced the four-year-old Daniel into exile with his mother Anna-Euphrosyne and younger Vasylko Romanovich. Daniel's cousin, Alexander of Belz, took control of Volodymyr with the help of Leszek the White of Kraków, meanwhile the throne of Halych was taken by Vladimir III Igorevich of Olgovichi, a son of Igor Sviatoslavich of Chernigov, who on his mother's side stemmed from Galician prince Yaroslav Osmomysl. Anna and her children were forced to flee, and Daniel's childhood was spent at the court of his uncle, King Andrew II of Hungary.<ref name="ist">{{Cite book|title=Нариси історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.|author=Наталія Яковенко|page=73}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=Natalya Yakowenko|date=2006|publisher=Krytyka|page=101|isbn=9667679829}}</ref>

After a conflict in Galicia between local boyars and their new rulers, part of the nobles fled to Hungary and invited Daniel to retake the throne. In 1210 a united army composed of Hungarians and Galicians invaded the principality, taking Peremyshl, Zvenyhorod and Halych, and in September 1211 restored the nine-year-old prince to the throne.<ref>{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=Natalya Yakowenko|date=2006|publisher=Krytyka|page=101|isbn=9667679829}}</ref> However, three years later a rebellion led by powerful boyar Volodyslav Kormylchych led to Daniel's deposition, after which he joined his mother in Volhynia.<ref name="ist"/> In the aftermath, the Poles and Hungarians invaded Galicia, ostensibly to support the claims of young Daniel and Vasylko, and divided it between themselves. In 1215, at the insistence of Leszek the White, Alexander of Belz was forced to return Volodymyr to Daniel.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Нариси історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.|author=Наталія Яковенко|page=74}}</ref> In 1219, Daniel renounced his claims to Galicia in favor of Mstislav the Bold, marrying his elder daughter Anna.<ref>{{citation|url=http://litopys.org.ua/litop/lit22.htm|title=Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, 1196-1223}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=Natalya Yakowenko|date=2006|publisher=Krytyka|page=102|isbn=9667679829}}</ref> [[File:Daniil Romanovich and Mstislav Mstislavich with their troops.jpg|thumb|left|Daniel Romanovich and Mstislav Mstislavich with their troops at Kalka]] In 1223, the young prince defeated the Mongols at Battle of Oleshia and led his troops against a larger Mongol army as part of the coalition of Rus' princes in the Battle of the Kalka River, which ended in destruction of the allied force. Wounded in the fighting, Daniel was able to escape encirclement by the enemy and survived. During his rule over Volhynia the prince gave his younger brother Vasylko the principality of Lutsk. The brothers fought tohether against Jotvingians, which raided his lands. Daniel's influence and his alliance with Polish duke Leszek the White made him a competitor to Vladimir IV of Kiev. After Leszek's assassination in 1228 Daniel and Vasylko allied with the deceased prince's brother Konrad of Masovia and campaigned together with him against Polish duke Władysław Spindleshanks.

In 1230 Daniel was invited to take the throne of Halych for the second time and defeated Hungarian troops which besieged the city. However, the boyars once again plotted against the prince and helped Hungarian prince Andrew to recapture the city in 1232.<ref>{{citation|url=http://litopys.org.ua/litop/lit23.htm|title=Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, 1224-1244}}</ref> In 1234 Daniel defeated Alexander Vsevolodovich, taking the Duchy of Belz. By 1238, he had defeated former Dobrzyń Knights at Drohiczyn (Dorohochyn), and regained most of Galicia,<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Daniel-Romanovich. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Daniel Romanovich". ''Encyclopedia Britannica'']</ref> including the capital. While the Prussians were under pressure from the Teutonic Order, Daniel attempted to conquer their neighbours, the Yotvingians.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Synytsia |first=Yevhen |title=YATVYAGI |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?Z21ID=&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Yatvahy |website=The encyclopedia of the history of Ukraine}}</ref>

===Mongol invasions=== {{Further|Batu's raid of 1240 in Ruthenia}} [[File:Даниил Галицкий передаёт Киев тысяцкому Дмитрию.png|thumb|left|200px|Daniel transferring Kiev to his voivode Dmytro, illustration from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible]] In 1239, with the advancing Mongols, Michael of Chernigov, the grand prince of Kiev, who was married to Daniel's sister, quickly left Kiev and petitioned Daniel for help. Daniel dispatched his ''voivode'', Dmytro, to defend the city. However, after a long siege, its walls were breached and, despite fierce fighting within the city, Kiev fell on 6 December 1240 and was largely destroyed. Early in the next year, April 1241, the Mongols passed through Galicia and Volhynia, destroying Halych and advancing on Poland and Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexander |first=Maiorov |date=March 2015 |title=The Mongol conquest of Volhynia and Galicia: Controversial and unresolved issues |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282525945 |website=Research Gate}}</ref> Daniel and Vasylko fled to Poland, and eventually moved their capital from Halych to Kholm (modern Chełm) in late 1240 or early 1241. In his absence, Daniel appointed boyar Dobroslav Suddych to distribute lands to fellow Galician boyars in Kolomyia, but when the latter in early 1241 began allotting them to Chernigov boyars instead (possibly in collaboration with the Olgovichi prince Rostislav Mikhailovich), Daniel summoned him to Kholm and imprisoned him in late 1241.{{sfn|Voloshchuk|2020|p=44}}

=== Establishment of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia === {{Further|Kuremsa war}} [[File:Kingdom of Galicia Volhynia Rus' Ukraine 1245 1349.jpg|thumb|upright|300px|Territorial boundaries of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1245–1349).]] [[File:Корона короля Данила Галицького. Пштівка першої третини ХХ ст..jpg|thumb|200px|Mitre of the Greek Catholic bishops of Przemysl, reputed to have earlier served as Daniel's royal crown]] On 17 August 1245, Daniel defeated a combined force of the prince of Chernigov, disaffected boyars, and Hungarian and Polish elements at Yaroslav, and finally took the remainder of Galicia, thus reconstituting his father's holdings. He made his brother Vasylko the ruler of Volhynia and retained the Galician title for himself, though he continued to exercise real power in both places.<ref name="hu">{{Cite web |last=Kotliar |first=Mykola |title=Daniel of Galicia |url=http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Danylo_Galycky |website=The encyclopedia of the history of Ukraine}}</ref>

Daniel's domestic policies focused on stability and economic growth. During his rule, German, Polish, and Rus' merchants and artisans were invited into Galicia, and numbers of Armenians and Jews established themselves in the towns and cities. Daniel founded the towns of Lviv (1256) and Kholm, naming the former for his son, and fortified many others. He appointed officials to protect the peasantry from aristocratic exploitation and formed peasant-based heavy infantry units.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Danilo Romanovich|url=http://www.zvyagel.org.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=56&Itemid=154 |website=The magical city of Zviagel}}</ref> Daniel's military reforms included the introduction of European-style plate armour for heavy cavalry, and the establishment of light cavalry armed with bows.<ref name="out"/>{{rp|104}}

Yet Daniel's successes and his failed defense of Kiev attracted the further attention of the Mongols. In 1246, he was summoned to the capital of the Golden Horde at Sarai on the Volga River and was forced to accept Mongol overlordship. According to Ukrainian historian Orest Subtelny, Daniel was handed a cup of fermented mare's milk by the Mongol khan, Batu, and told to get used to it, as "you are one of ours now". They exchanged hostages whereby 100 families of Karaites were re-settled in Carpathian Galicia. According to James Chambers,<ref>Chambers, James. The Devil´s Horsemen. The Mongol Invasion of Europe. New York 1979. page 120</ref> the following dialogue took place between Batu and Daniel of Galicia: "At a banquet Batu asked if he drank kumiz like the Mongols and Daniel answered: 'Until now I did not, but now I do as you command and I drink it'. To which Batu replied: 'You are now one of ours,' and since he was more used to it ordered that Daniel be given a goblet of wine." This was due to Daniel's notorious love of wine.<ref>{{citation|url=http://litopys.org.ua/litop/lit24.htm|title=Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, 1245-1260}}</ref>

While formally accepting the Mongols as overlords, and supplying them with soldiers as required, Daniel built his foreign policy around opposition to the Golden Horde.<ref name="out"/>{{rp|104}} Suffering from raids by Lithuanians and Jotvingians,<ref>{{citation|url=http://litopys.org.ua/litop/lit24.htm|title=Galician-Volhynian Chronicle, 1245-1260}}</ref> he simultaneously established cordial relations with the rulers of the Kingdom of Poland and Kingdom of Hungary, and requested aid from Pope Innocent IV in the form of a crusade. In return for papal assistance, Daniel offered to place his lands under the ecclesiastical authority of Rome, a pledge never realised.<ref name="royal">{{cite book |last1=Oresko |first1=Robert |last2=Gibbs |first2=G. C. |last3=Scott |first3=H. M. |title=Royal and Republican Sovereignty in Early Modern Europe: Essays in Memory of Ragnhild Hatton |date=30 January 1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-41910-9 |page=355 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfXtdrD6kVIC |language=en}}</ref> Wooed by the prospect of extending his authority, the Pope encouraged Daniel's resistance to the Mongols and his Western orientation, and in 1253, had a papal representative crown Daniel as king at Dorohochyn, present-day Drohiczyn on the Bug River. However, Daniel wanted more than recognition, and commented bitterly that he expected an army when he received the crown.<ref>John Joseph Saunders. (2001). ''The history of the Mongol conquests. '' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, p. 101</ref> From then on, Daniel was known as ''rex Russiae'' and sometimes by the title ''korol''.<ref name="royal"/>

The following year, Daniel repelled Mongol assaults led by Orda's son, {{interlanguage link|Kuremsa|uk|Куремса|ru|Куремса}}, on Ponyzia and Volhynia and dispatched an expedition with the aim of taking Kiev. Despite initial successes, in 1259, a Mongol force under Burundai and Nogai Khan entered Galicia and Volhynia and offered an ultimatum: Daniel was to destroy his fortifications or Burundai would assault the towns. Daniel complied and pulled down the city walls.<ref name="hu"/>

=== Later reign === [[File:Battle of Kressenbrunn Thuróczy.JPG|thumb|300px|Depiction of the Battle of Kressenbrunn in 1260, in which Daniel's troops fought on the side of King Bela IV of Hungary]] In the last years of his reign, Daniel engaged in dynastic politics, marrying a son and a daughter to the offspring of Mindaugas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and acquiring territorial concessions in Poland from the latter. Another daughter of his, Ustynia, was married to Andrey Yaroslavich of Vladimir-Suzdal. He also arranged for the marriage of his son Roman to Gertrude, the Babenberg heiress, but was unsuccessful in his bid to have him placed on the ducal throne of Austria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Roman Danylovych|date=1993|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CR%5CO%5CRomanDanylovych.htm|website=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>

By his death in 1266,{{efn|name=death}} Daniel had reconstructed and expanded the territories held by his father, held off the expansionist threats of Poland and Hungary, minimized Mongol influence in the territories of present-day western Ukraine, and raised the economic and social standards of his domains. He was succeeded in Galicia by his son Leo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lev Danylovych|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CL%5CE%5CLevDanylovych.htm|website=Encyclopedia of Ukraine|access-date=2025-06-09}}</ref>

== Legacy == [[File:Історія України-Русі. 1912. Король Данило.jpg|thumb|175px|Daniel's crown portrait in the 1912 edition of ''History of Ukraine-Rus''' by Mykola Arkas]] In eyes of chroniclers, Daniel represented the image of a perfect ruler. Having managed to restore peace and authority in his possessions, he established control over the rebellious boyars and prevented internal strife in his dynasty. Despite the effects of Mongol invasions, Daniel succeeded in minimizing Galicia-Volhynia's dependence on the Golden Horde: unlike other Rus' princes, he and his successors were not required to pay tributes and organize population census. As a result, the principality attracted many refugees from other regions of Rus'.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Нариси історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.|author=Наталія Яковенко|page=75}}</ref>

The title of King of Ruthenia, adopted by Daniel following his coronation in 1253, was last carried by his grandson Yuri I of Galicia, who died in 1308.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Нариси історії України з найдавніших часів до кінця XVIII ст.|author=Наталія Яковенко|page=77}}</ref> Daniel's royal crown and other symbols of power were reportedly taken from Lviv by Casimir the Great after the city's capture by Poles in 1340, and their further fate is unknown.<ref name="out">{{Cite book|title=An Outline History of Medieval and Early Modern Ukraine|author=Natalya Yakowenko|date=2006|publisher=Krytyka|isbn=9667679829}}</ref>{{rp|106}}

==Commemoration== A monument to Daniel was erected in 1998 in the city of Halych.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.galych-rada.gov.ua/varto-vidvidaty/pamyatnyk-korolyu-danylu-halytskomu/ |title=Пам'ятник королю Данилу Галицькому — Галич - Галицька міська рада |website=www.galych-rada.gov.ua |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104134514/http://www.galych-rada.gov.ua/varto-vidvidaty/pamyatnyk-korolyu-danylu-halytskomu/ |archive-date=4 November 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2001 an equestrian statue honouring Daniel was unveiled in Lviv to commemorate 800 years from his birth.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://photo-lviv.in.ua/pam-yatnyk-danylu-halytskomu-abo-monument-do-dnya-narodzhennya/|title=Monument to Daniel of Galicia or a monument for a birthday|access-date=15 January 2025|lang=uk}}</ref>

On 7 September 2011, the parliament of Ukraine (Verkhovna Rada) issued a resolution on "celebration of the 810th Anniversary of the birth of the first King of Ruthenia-Ukraine Daniel of Galicia".<ref>[http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3706-vi Law of Ukraine]. Official document.</ref>

In 2012 the main airport in the city of Lviv was renamed in honour of the prince as Lviv Danylo Halytskyi International Airport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zaxid.net/aeroport_lviv_ofitsiyno_otrimav_novu_nazvu_n1247184|title=Lviv Airport receives officially received a new name|date=7 February 2012|lang=uk}}</ref>

A Ukrainian order is named after Daniel of Galicia.

<gallery mode=packed heights=180px> File:Exterior Danylo Inn.jpg|Daniel of Galicia monument in Lviv File:Львів, ратуша, Данило Галицький DSCN1033.jpg|A bust of Daniel exhibited in the Lviv City Hall File:Bust of the King Danylo Halytskyi at Lviv International Airport.jpg|Daniel's bust at Lviv Airport File:Данило Галицький у Володимир-Волинському.jpg|Monument to Daniel in Volodymyr File:Daniel of Galicia-Volhynia.jpg|Mosaic of Daniel (1989) in the Zoloti Vorota station of the Kyiv Metro File:Даниил Галицкий на памятнике 1000-летия России.jpg|Daniel's statue in the Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod File:Drohiczyn ~100811-061.jpg|Memorial stone on the site of Daniel's coronation in Drohiczyn File:Danylo-2.jpg|Ukrainian Order of Danylo Halytsky File:Stamp of Ukraine sUa426a (Michel).jpg|Daniel on a Ukrainian post stamp </gallery>

== Family == {{unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}

'''Wives''' * Anna of Novgorod († bef. 1252), 1218, daughter of Mstislav the Bold * unknown, Queen of Ruthenia (1253 - 1266), niece of King Mindaugas of Lithuania, bef. 1252

'''Sisters''' * Feodora of Galicia († after 1200), m. 1187 (div 1188) Vasilko of Galicia * Maria of Galicia († after 1241), m. before 1200 Michael of Chernigov, sometime Grand Prince of Kiev and ultimately a saint.

'''Sons''' * Iraklii Danylovich (*ca. 1223 – † by 1240) * Leo I of Galicia (*ca. 1228 – † ca. 1301), Prince of Belz 1245–1266, Prince of Peremyshl 1266–1269, Prince of Halych 1269–1301, Prince of Halych-Volynia 1293–1301; he moved his capital from Halych to the newly founded city of Lviv (Lwów, Lemberg), m. 1257 Constance, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary. * Roman Danylovich (*ca. 1230 – † ca. 1261), Prince of Black Ruthenia (Navahradak) 1255? – 1260?, and Slonim * Mstislav Danylovich († aft. 1300), Prince of Lutsk 1265–1289, Prince of Volynia 1289 – aft. 1300 * Svarn (Shvarno, Švarnas, Ioann; † 1269, bur. Chełm), Grand Duke of Lithuania 1264–1267 (1268–1269?), Prince of Chełm 1264–1269

'''Daughters''' * Pereyaslava († 12 April 1283), m. ca. 1248 Prince Siemowit I of Masovia * Ustynia, m. 1250/1251 Prince Andrew II of Vladimir-Suzdal * Sofia Danielvna, m. 1259 Graf Heinrich V von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg: they were the parents of Utta von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, who was the eponymous ancestor of the House of Reuss

==Notes== {{notelist}}

== References == {{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography == * {{cite book|first=Orest|last=Subtelny|author-link=Orest Subtelny|title=Ukraine: A History|location=Toronto| publisher=University of Toronto Press|year=1988|isbn=0-8020-5808-6}} * {{Cite book |last1=Katchanovski |first1=Ivan |last2=Kohut |first2=Zenon E. |author-link2=Zenon Kohut |last3=Nesebio |first3=Bohdan Y. |last4=Yurkevich |first4=Myroslav |date=2013 |title=Historical Dictionary of Ukraine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-h6r57lDC4QC |location=Lanham, Maryland; Toronto; Plymouth |publisher=Scarecrow Press |pages=992 |isbn=9780810878471 |access-date=22 January 2023}} * {{Cite book |last1=Magocsi |first1=Paul Robert |author-link1=Paul Robert Magocsi |date=2010 |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TA1zVKTTsXUC |location=Toronto |publisher=University of Toronto Press |pages=894 |isbn=9781442610217 |access-date=22 January 2023}} * {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}} * {{cite book |last=Plokhy |first=Serhii |author-link=Serhii Plokhy |title=The Gates of Europe: A History of Ukraine |pages=432 |publisher=Hachette UK |isbn=9780465093465 |language=en |date=2017 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pm-QDQAAQBAJ |access-date=25 May 2024}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Tolochko |first1=Oleksiy |date=2025 |title=Studying the Galician-Volhynian Chronicle. Response to Dariusz Dąbrowski |url=https://apcz.umk.pl/KH/article/download/67863/44872 |journal=Kwartalnik Historyczny |publisher= Wydawnictwo Naukowe Semper |volume=132 |issue=3 |pages=553–572 |doi=}} * {{cite journal |title=View of The Court of Rostyslav Mykhailovych, Prince and Dominus of Machou, in Hungary (An Excerpt from a Family History between the Late 13th and Mid 14th Centuries) |last=Voloshchuk |first=Myroslav |journal=Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University |volume=7 |issue=2 |date=2020 |pages=42–50 |url=https://journals.pnu.edu.ua/index.php/jpnu/article/view/4864/5340 |access-date=12 January 2025}}

== External links == {{commons category-inline}}

{{s-new}} {{s-ttl| title = King of Ruthenia | years = 1253–1266 }} {{s-aft| rows = 2 | after = Leo I }} {{s-bef| before = Roman Mstislavich }} {{s-ttl| title = Prince of Galicia-Volhynia | years = 1205–1266 }} {{s-bef| before = Mikhail of Chernigov }} {{s-ttl| title = Grand Prince of Kiev | years = 1239–1240 }} {{s-aft| after = ''Mongol invasion''}} {{s-end}}

Category:1201 births Category:1266 deaths Category:Monarchs of Galicia–Volhynia Category:13th-century princes from Kievan Rus' Category:Romanovichi family Category:Eastern Orthodox monarchs Category:People from Halych Category:Angelid dynasty Category:City founders