{{Short description|Language-specific calendar}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}} While many Slavic languages officially use Latin-derived names for the months of the year in the Gregorian calendar, there is also a set of older names for the twelve months that differs from the Latin month names, as they are of Slavic origin. In some languages, such as the Serbian language these traditional names have since been archaized and are thus seldom used.
The original names of the months of the year in the Slavic languages closely follow natural occurrences such as weather patterns and conditions common for that period, as well as agricultural activities.
Many months have several alternative names in different regions; conversely, a single "Slavic name" may correspond to different "Roman names" (for different months, usually following each other) in different languages.
==Comparison table== The Slavic names of the months have been preserved by a number of Slavic people in a variety of languages. The conventional month names in some of these languages are mixed, including names which show the influence of the Germanic calendar (particularly Slovene, Sorbian, and Polabian)<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Reindl |first1=Donald F. |title=Evidence for the Germanic Origins of Some Slovene Month Names |journal=Slovene Studies |date=1 July 1995 |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=169–178 |doi=10.7152/ssj.v15i1.4179 |url=https://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/ssj/article/viewFile/4179/3518|doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref> or names which are borrowed from the Gregorian calendar (particularly Polish and Kashubian), but they have been included here nonetheless.
In Latvian and Lithuanian, the Baltic names of the months are preserved, which partially coincide with the Slavic ones, which suggests that some of these names may date back to the time of Balto-Slavic linguistic unity. Latvian and Lithuanian names are also shown in this table for comparison.
Words are colored according to etymology.
{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Comparison of the traditional names for the twelve months in different Slavic languages<ref name="Nedeljković">{{cite journal |first1=Mile |last1=Nedeljković |title=Zimski znak vatre letnji znak sunca i Perunova munja |trans-title=Winter fire symbol, summer sun symbol, and lightning of Perun |journal=Srpsko nasleđe |language=sr |issue=9 |date=September 1998 |url=http://www.srpsko-nasledje.co.rs/sr-l/1998/09/article-02.html |access-date=11 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Godišnji običaji u Srba |trans-title=Annual traditions of the Serbs |language=sr |first1=Mile |last1=Nedeljković |publisher=Vuk Karadžić |place=Belgrade |year=1990 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Jezici podunavskih zemalja (i ruski) |trans-title=Languages of the Danube countries (and Russia) |editor-first=Stanoje |editor-last=Jovanović |publisher=YU Marketing Press and Verzalpress |place=Belgrade |year=1999 |oclc=443031481 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Česko-srbocharvatsky a srbocharvatsko-česky slovnik na cesty |trans-title=Czech–Serbo-Croatian/Serbo-Croatian–Czech travel dictionary |language=cs |first1=Jarmila |last1=Gleichova |first2=Anna |last2=Jenikova |publisher=Statni pedagogicke nakladatelstvi |place=Prague |year=1982 }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Hrvatsko ili srpsko-ukrajinski rječnik |trans-title=Croatian/Serbian–Ukrainian dictionary |first1=Antica |last1=Menac |first2=Alla P. |last2=Kovalʹ |publisher=SNL |place=Zagreb |year=1979 |oclc=800783862 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Carpatho-Rusyn month names |url=http://rolandanderson.se/Pravda_Press/month-names.php |website=rolandanderson.se |access-date=11 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Serbska protyka |trans-title=Sorbian calendar |publisher=Domowina |place=Bautzen |year=1968 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Srpsko kalendarsko znanje u epskim narodnim pesmama |trans-title=Serbian calendar knowledge in folk epic poetry |language=sr |first=Dragan |last=Јacanović |place=Rača |year=2000 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Zaroff |first1=Roman |title=Measurement of Time by the Ancient SlavsMerjenje časa pri starih Slovanih |journal=Studia mythologica Slavica |date=5 May 2016 |volume=19 |pages=9–39 | doi=10.3986/sms.v19i0.6614 |url=http://sms.zrc-sazu.si/pdf/19/SMS_19_01_Zaroff.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>Hauptova Z., editor (1958–1997) ''Slovník jazyka staroslověnského (Lexicon linguae palaeoslovenicae)'', Prague: Euroslavica</ref> ! Language ! January ! February ! March ! April ! May ! June ! July ! August ! September ! October ! November ! December |- ! rowspan="2" |Belarusian | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2CEF2"|<br />{{wikt-lang|be|студзень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|studzen'}}<br /><br /> | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|be|люты}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|ljuty}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#E3F4F4"|{{wikt-lang|be|сакавік}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|sakavik}} | rowspan="2" |{{wikt-lang|be|красавік}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|krasavik}} |{{grey|{{wikt-lang|be|май}}*<br />{{lang|be-latn|maj}}*}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{wikt-lang|be|чэрвень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|čèrven'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{wikt-lang|be|ліпень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|lipen'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{wikt-lang|be|жнівень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|žniven'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{wikt-lang|be|верасень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|verasen'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFE6F2"|{{wikt-lang|be|кастрычнік}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|kastryčnik}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|be|лістапад}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|listapad}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFFF"|{{wikt-lang|be|снежань}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|snežan'}} |- | rowspan="5" style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|be|травень}}<br />{{lang|be-latn|traven'}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Ukrainian | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{wikt-lang|uk|січень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|sičeń}} | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|uk|лютий}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|ljutyj}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{wikt-lang|uk|березень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|berezen'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{wikt-lang|uk|квітень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|kviten'}} | rowspan="4" style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{wikt-lang|uk|червень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|červen'}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{wikt-lang|uk|липень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|lypen'}} | rowspan="4" style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{wikt-lang|uk|серпень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|serpen'}} | rowspan="4" style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{wikt-lang|uk|вересень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|veresen'}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FCEFB4"|{{wikt-lang|uk|жовтень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|žovten'}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|uk|листопад}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|lystopad}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|uk|грудень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|hruden'}} |- | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|uk|лютень}}<br />{{lang|uk-latn|ljuten'}} |- ! Rusyn | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|rue|лютый}}<br />{{lang|rue-latn|ljutyj}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{wikt-lang|rue|цвітень}}<br />{{lang|rue-latn|cviten'}} | style="background:#FCEFB4"|{{wikt-lang|rue|жолтень}}<br />{{lang|rue-latn|žolten'}} |- ! Russian{{Efn|Pre-1918 spelling.|name=ru-note}}<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{wikt-lang|ru|сечень}}<br />{{lang|ru-latn|sečen'}} | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|ru|лютень}}<br />{{lang|ru-latn|ljuten'}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{wikt-lang|ru|березозол}}<br />{{lang|ru-latn|berezozol}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{wikt-lang|ru|цветень}}<br/>({{wikt-lang|ru|цвѣтень}})<br />{{lang|ru-latn|cveten'}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{wikt-lang|ru|липец}}<br/>({{wikt-lang|ru|липецъ}})<br />{{lang|ru-latn|lipec}} | style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|ru|листопад}}<br/>({{wikt-lang|ru|листопадъ}})<br />{{lang|ru-latn|listopad}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|ru|грудень}}<br />{{lang|ru-latn|gruden'}} | style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|ru|студень}}<br />{{lang|ru-latn|studen'}} |- ! Old East Slavic | style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|orv|стоудѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|studěn'}} | style="background:#FFFFFF"|{{wikt-lang|orv|снежѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|snežěn'}} | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{wikt-lang|orv|соухїй}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|suhij}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{wikt-lang|orv|берѣзолъ}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|berězolŭ}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|orv|травѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|travěn'}} | style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{wikt-lang|orv|чѣрвѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|čěrvěn'}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{wikt-lang|orv|липѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|lipen'}} | style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{wikt-lang|orv|сѣрпѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|sěrpěn'}} | style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{wikt-lang|orv|версѣнь}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|versěn'}} | style="background:#F8DBB8"|{{wikt-lang|orv|осень}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|osen'}} | style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|orv|листопадъ}}<br />{{lang|orv-latn|listopadŭ}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|orv|гроудѣнь}} <br />{{lang|orv-latn|gruděn'}} |- ! Old Church Slavonic | style="background:#FBE6FF"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|просиньць}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|prosinĭcĭ}} | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|сѣчьнъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|sěčĭnŭ}} | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|соухъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|suhŭ}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|брѣзьнъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|brězĭnŭ}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|трѣвьнъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|trěvĭnŭ}} | style="background:#E0F2CE"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|изокъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|izokŭ}} | style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|чръвлѥнꙑи}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|črŭvljenyi}} | style="background:#F2E6CE"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|заревъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|zarevŭ}} | style="background:#F2DACE"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|роуинъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|ruinŭ}} | style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|листопадъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|listopadŭ}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|гроудьнъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|grudĭnŭ}} | style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|cu-Cyrs|стоуденъ}}<br />{{lang|cu-latn|studenŭ}} |- !Bulgarian<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{wikt-lang|bg|сечен}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|sečen}} | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{wikt-lang|bg|люти}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|ljuti}} | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{wikt-lang|bg|сухи}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|suhi}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{wikt-lang|bg|брезен}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|brezen}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|bg|тревен}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|treven}} | style="background:#E0F2CE"|{{wikt-lang|bg|изок}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|izok}} | style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{wikt-lang|bg|червен}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|červen}} | style="background:#F2E6CE"|{{wikt-lang|bg|зарев}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|zarev}} | style="background:#F2DACE"|{{wikt-lang|bg|руен}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|ruen}} | rowspan="4" style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{wikt-lang|bg|листопад}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|listopad}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|bg|груден}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|gruden}} | style="background:#FBE6FF"|{{wikt-lang|bg|просинец}}<br />{{lang|bg-latn|prosinec}} |- !Macedonian<br /><small>archaic</small> | rowspan="2" style="background:#CED4F2"|{{wikt-lang|mk|коложег}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|koložeg}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#CEE6F2"|{{wikt-lang|mk|сечко}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|sečko}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{wikt-lang|mk|цутар}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|cutar}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|mk|тревен}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|treven}} | {{wikt-lang|mk|косар}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|kosar}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{wikt-lang|mk|жетвар}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|žetvar}} | style="background:#F2EFE5"|{{wikt-lang|mk|златец}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|zlatec}} | style="background:#E5DDC5"|{{wikt-lang|mk|житар}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|žitar}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#CEB5B7"|{{wikt-lang|mk|гроздобер}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|grozdober}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|mk|студен}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|studen}} | style="background:#FFFFFF"|{{wikt-lang|mk|снежник}}<br />{{lang|mk-latn|snežnik}} |- !Serbian<br /><small>archaic</small> |{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|дерикожа}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|derikoža}} | style="background:#CEF2CE"|{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|лажитрава}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|lažitrava}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|цветањ}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|cvetanj}} | style="background:#D8E2DC"|{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|трешњар}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|trešnjar}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|жетвар}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|žetvar}} | {{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|гумник}}<br />{{lang|sr-latn|gumnik}} |{{grey|{{wikt-lang|sr-Cyrl|коледар}}*<br />{{lang|sr-latn|koledar}}*}} |- !Croatian | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{wikt-lang|hr|siječanj}} | style="background:#E6EEFF"|{{wikt-lang|hr|veljača}} | style="background:#CEF2CE"|{{wikt-lang|hr|ožujak}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|hr|travanj}} |{{wikt-lang|hr|svibanj}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{wikt-lang|hr|lipanj}} | style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{wikt-lang|hr|srpanj}} | style="background:#E1E1CE"|{{wikt-lang|hr|kolovoz}} | style="background:#F2DACE"|{{wikt-lang|hr|rujan}} | style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|hr|studeni}} | style="background:#FBE6FF"|{{wikt-lang|hr|prosinac}} |- !Slovene<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#FBE6FF"|{{wikt-lang|sl|prosinec}} | style="background:#CEECF2"|{{wikt-lang|sl|svečan}} | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{wikt-lang|sl|sušec}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|sl|mali traven}} | style="background:#E6FFE6"|{{wikt-lang|sl|veliki traven}} | style="background:#ECF2CE"|{{wikt-lang|sl|rožnik}} | style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{wikt-lang|sl|mali srpan}} | style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{wikt-lang|sl|veliki srpan}} | style="background:#F2F2CE"|{{wikt-lang|sl|kimavec}} | style="background:#F9BEBE"|{{wikt-lang|sl|vinotok}} | rowspan="7" style="background:#FFE6E6" |{{wikt-lang|sl|listopad}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{wikt-lang|sl|gruden}} |- ! rowspan="2" |Slovak<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{lang|sk|veľký sečeň}} | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{lang|sk|malý sečeň}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{lang|sk|brezen}}<br />({{lang|sk|brezeň}}) | rowspan="3" style="background:#B8E0D2"|{{lang|sk|duben}}<br />({{lang|sk|dubeň}}) | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{lang|sk|květen}}<br />({{lang|sk|kveteň}}) | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{lang|sk|lipen}}<br />({{lang|sk|lipeň}}) | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2F2CE"|{{lang|sk|klasen}}<br />({{lang|sk|klaseň}}) | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{lang|sk|srpen}}<br />({{lang|sk|srpeň}}) | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2DACE"|{{lang|sk|malý rujen}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2DACE"|{{lang|sk|veľký rujen}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2CEE6"|{{lang|sk|mrazen}}<br />({{lang|sk|mrazeň}}) |- | style="background:#CEE6F2"|{{lang|sk|ľadeň}} | style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{lang|sk|sečeň}} |- !Czech | style="background:#CEE6F2"|{{lang|cs|leden}} | style="background:#C1D3FE"|{{lang|cs|únor}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{lang|cs|březen}} | style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{lang|cs|červen}} | style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{lang|cs|červenec}} | style="background:#F2E6CE"|{{lang|cs|září}} | style="background:#F2DACE"|{{lang|cs|říjen}} | style="background:#FBE6FF"|{{lang|cs|prosinec}} |- ! rowspan="3" |Polish | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{lang|pl|styczeń}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{lang|pl|luty}} |{{grey|{{lang|pl|marzec}}*}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{lang|pl|kwiecień}} |{{grey|{{lang|pl|maj}}*}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{lang|pl|czerwiec}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{lang|pl|lipiec}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{lang|pl|sierpień}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{lang|pl|wrzesień}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#FFE6F2"|{{lang|pl|październik}} | rowspan="3" style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{lang|pl|grudzień}} |- | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6FFFF" |{{lang|pl|brzezień}} (archaic) | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6FFE6" |{{lang|pl|trawień}} (archaic) |- | style="background:#CEF2CE"|{{lang|pl|łżykwiat}} (archaic) |- ! rowspan="2" |Kashubian | rowspan="2" style="background:#E6F2FF"|{{lang|csb|stëcznik}} | {{lang|csb|gromicznik}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#E3F4F4"|{{lang|csb|strëmiannik}} | style="background:#CEF2CE"|{{lang|csb|łżëkwiat}} | rowspan="2" | {{grey|{{lang|csb|môj}}*}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#DEFEE4"|{{lang|csb|czerwińc}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{lang|csb|lëpińc}} | {{lang|csb|zélnik}} | style="background:#FFF1E6"|{{lang|csb|séwnik}} | style="background:#F2DACE"|{{lang|csb|rujan}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{lang|csb|lëstopadnik}} | style="background:#D4CEF2"|{{lang|csb|gòdnik}} |- | style="background:#E6EAFF"|{{lang|csb|luti}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{lang|csb|kwiecéń}} | {{lang|csb|miodownik}} | style="background:#FFF7E6"|{{lang|csb|serzpiéń}} | style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{lang|csb|wrzeseń}} | style="background:#FFE6F2"|{{lang|csb|pazdzérznik}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{lang|csb|grëdzéń}} |- ! Upper Sorbian<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#EAE6FF"|{{lang|hsb|wulki róžk}} | style="background:#EAE6FF"|{{lang|hsb|mały róžk}} | style="background:#B0E4C8"|{{lang|hsb|nalětnik}} | style="background:#E1F0DA"|{{lang|hsb|jutrownik}} | style="background:#ECF2CE"|{{lang|hsb|róžownik}} | style="background:#E6F2CE"|{{lang|hsb|smažnik}} | {{lang|hsb|pražnik}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{lang|hsb|žnjenc}} | rowspan="2" style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{lang|hsb|požnjenc}} | style="background:#F9BEBE"|{{lang|hsb|winowc}} | style="background:#CEDAF2"|{{lang|hsb|nazymnik}} | style="background:#D4CEF2"|{{lang|hsb|hodownik}} |- ! Lower Sorbian<br /><small>archaic</small> | style="background:#CEDAF2"|{{lang|dsb|wezymski}} | style="background:#CEECF2"|{{lang|dsb|swěckowny}} | style="background:#CEDAF2"|{{lang|dsb|pózymski}} | style="background:#E1F0DA"|{{lang|dsb|jatšownik}} | style="background:#ECF2CE"|{{lang|dsb|rozhelony}} | style="background:#E6F2CE"|{{lang|dsb|smažki}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{lang|dsb|žnjojski}} | style="background:#E5DDC5"|{{lang|dsb|jacmjeński}} | style="background:#F9BEBE"|{{lang|dsb|winski}} | {{lang|dsb|młośny}} | style="background:#CEDAF2"|{{lang|dsb|zymski}} |- !Polabian<br /><small>extinct</small> | style="background:#CEE6F2"|{{lang|pox|ledemån}} | style="background:#EAE6FF"|{{lang|pox|rüzac}} | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{lang|pox|zürmån}} | style="background:#E1F0DA"|{{lang|pox|chåidemån}} | style="background:#CCE2CB"|{{lang|pox|laisemån}} | style="background:#E6F2CE"|{{lang|pox|pąťustemån}} | style="background:#E5DDC5"|{{lang|pox|zeminik}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{lang|pox|haimån}} | style="background:#F8DBB8"|{{lang|pox|jisinmån}} | style="background:#F9BEBE"|{{lang|pox|vaińamån}} | style="background:#CEDAF2"|{{lang|pox|zaimamån}} |{{lang|pox|trübnemån}} |- !style="border-top: solid;"|Lithuanian<br /><small>non-Slavic</small> | style="background:#CEF2EC"|{{lang|lt|sausis}} | style="background:#E6EEFF"|{{lang|lt|vasaris}} | {{lang|lt|kovas}} | {{lang|lt|balandis}} | {{lang|lt|gegužė}} | style="background:#E6FFFF"|{{lang|lt|birželis}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{lang|lt|liepa}} | style="background:#F2ECCE"|{{lang|lt|rugpjūtis}} | style="background:#E5DDC5"|{{lang|lt|rugsėjis}} | style="background:#FFE6F2"|{{lang|lt|spalis}} | style="background:#FFE6E6"|{{lang|lt|lapkritis}} | style="background:#E6CEF2"|{{lang|lt|gruodis}} |- !style="border-top: solid;"|Latvian<br /><small>archaic, non-Slavic</small> | style="background:#F2CEF2"|{{lang|lv|ziemas}} | style="background:#CEECF2"|{{lang|lv|sveču}} | style="background:#CEE6F2"|{{lang|lv|sērsnu}} | style="background:#E3F4F4"|{{lang|lv|sulu}} | style="background:#CCE2CB"|{{lang|lv|lapu}} | style="background:#E6FFF2"|{{lang|lv|ziedu}} | style="background:#FFFFE6"|{{lang|lv|liepu}} | style="background:#E5DDC5"|{{lang|lv|rudzu}} | style="background:#FFEEE6"|{{lang|lv|viršu}}<br />({{lang|lv|silu}}) | style="background:#FFE6F2"|{{lang|lv|veļu}} | style="background:#F2CEE6"|{{lang|lv|salnas}} | {{lang|lv|vilku}} |} <nowiki>*</nowiki> word of non-Slavic or non-Baltic origin
==Croatian months== The '''Croatian months''' used with the Gregorian calendar by Croats differ from the original Latin month names. While subject to variation over the earlier centuries, their names and order were standardised in the 1830s through the efforts of the Illyrian movement and its chief linguist Vjekoslav Babukić.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Narodna imena mjesecima |journal=Nastavni vjesnik |url=https://archive.org/details/nastavni-vjesnik-5 |last=Maretić |first=Tomo |volume=5 |pages=241–242 |publisher=Naklada Kr. hrvatsko-slavonsko-dalmatinske zem. vlade |year=1897 |location=Zagreb |author-link=Tomislav Maretić}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! No. || Latin name || English name || Croatian name || Etymology |- | 1 || {{lang|la|Ianuarius}} || January || {{lang|hr|sijȇčanj}} | from cutting or hewing wood<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | url = https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/sijecanj | title = siječanj | encyclopedia = Croatian Encyclopedia | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> but there are also dialectal terms {{lang|hr|svečan, svičen, sičan}} with the meaning {{gloss|festive}}, so there is the possibility of the meaning {{gloss|festive month}} (as there are several holidays celebrated in January)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hamdocamo.wordpress.com/2011/02/07/naziv-mjeseci-u-godini-na-hrvatskom/|title=NAZIV MJESECI U GODINI NA HRVATSKOM|date=2011-02-07|website=hamdočamo|access-date=2017-05-24}}</ref> |- | 2 || {{lang|la|Februarius}} || February || {{lang|hr|vèljača}} | month in which days become longer, {{lang|hr|oveljiti se}} {{gloss|to get bigger}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/veljaca|title=veljača |encyclopedia = Croatian Encyclopedia |access-date=2017-05-24}}</ref> or {{gloss|to wallow, to roll}} {{lang|hr|valjati}}, to indicate unstable weather<ref>{{cite web | title = travanj | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f19uWBh8&keyword=velja%C4%8Da | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 3 || {{lang|la|Martius}} || March || {{lang|hr|òžujak}} | lying month ({{lang|hr|laž>ož}}; {{lang|hr|laž}} {{gloss|a lie}}), because the weather changes often<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/ozujak |title=ožujak | encyclopedia = Croatian Encyclopedia |access-date=November 23, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = ožujak | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=eFdhXBE%3D&keyword=o%C5%BEujak | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 4 || {{lang|la|Aprilis}} || April || {{lang|hr|trȃvanj}} | from growing grass, {{lang|hr|trava}}<ref>{{cite web | title = travanj | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f19kXxR1&keyword=travanj | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 5 || {{lang|la|Maius}} || May || {{lang|hr|svȋbanj}} | from budding cornel tree, {{lang|hr|svib}}<ref>{{cite web | title = svibanj | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=d1lgWhg%3D&keyword=svibanj | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 6 || {{lang|la|Iunius}} || June || {{lang|hr|lȋpanj}} | from linden tree, {{lang|hr|lipa}}<ref>{{cite web | title = lipanj | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e15mWhE%3D&keyword=lipanj | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 7 || {{lang|la|Iulius}} || July || {{lang|hr|sȓpanj}} | from reaping with a sickle, {{lang|hr|srp}}<ref>{{cite web | title = srpanj | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=d1xvXRU%3D&keyword=srpanj | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 8 || {{lang|la|Augustus}} || August || {{lang|hr|kȍlovōz}} | from driving a wagon (for harvest) — {{lang|hr|kolo}} {{gloss|wheel}} + {{lang|hr|voz}} {{gloss|drive}}<ref>{{cite web | title = kolovoz | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=eltiXhk%3D&keyword=kolovoz | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 9 || {{lang|la|September}} || September || {{lang|hr|rȗjan}} | from an archaic verb for deer roaring{{clarify|date=May 2026}}<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/prosinac |title=rujan| encyclopedia = Croatian Encyclopedia |access-date=November 23, 2021}}</ref> or from a poetic word for {{gloss|blushing, rosy}}<ref>{{cite web | title = rujan | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=dlhjXRg%3D&keyword=rujan | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 10 || {{lang|la|October}} || October || {{lang|hr|lȉstopād}} | from falling leaves — {{lang|hr|list}} {{gloss|leaf}} + {{lang|hr|padati}} {{gloss|fall}}<ref>{{cite web | title = listopad | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=e15nXBA%3D&keyword=listopad | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 11 || {{lang|la|November}} || November || {{lang|hr|stùdenī}} | from cold, {{lang|hr|studen}}<ref>{{cite web | title = studeni | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=d1pkUBk%3D&keyword=studeni | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |- | 12 || {{lang|la|December}} || December || {{lang|hr|pròsinac}} | {{gloss|the beginning of the Sun's shining, to dawn}} {{lang|hr|sinuti}};<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/prosinac|title=prosinac | encyclopedia = Croatian Encyclopedia |access-date=2017-05-24}}</ref> or from {{lang|hr|sinji}}, greyish blue color<ref>{{cite web | title = prosinac | url = https://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=dl5kXBg%3D&keyword=prosinac | language = hr | work = Hrvatski jezični portal | publisher = Znanje d.o.o. and Srce | access-date = November 23, 2021}}</ref> |}
==Czech months== The names of '''Czech months''' are, as in Belarusian, Croatian, Kashubian, Polish, and Ukrainian, not based on the Latin names used in most European languages. The suffix ''-en'' is added to most of the months' names.
{| class="wikitable" ! No. || Latin name || English name || Czech name || Etymology |- | 1. || {{lang|la|Ianuarius}} || January || {{lang|cs|leden}} || From {{lang|cs|led}}, {{gloss|ice}}. |- | 2. || {{lang|la|Februarius}} || February || {{lang|cs|únor}} || Probably from the word root {{lang|cs|-nor-}}, infinitive form {{lang|cs|nořit (se)}}, {{gloss|to plunge, to welter}}, as the ice welters under the lake surface. |- | 3. || {{lang|la|Martius}} || March || {{lang|cs|březen}} || Either from {{lang|cs|bříza}}, {{gloss|birch}}, or from {{lang|cs|březí}}, {{gloss|gravid, with young}}, as the forest animals, mainly hares and rabbits, are pregnant at that time.<ref>Machek, 1968, in Václav Machek, Etymologický slovník jazyka českého, second edition, Academia, 1968</ref> |- | 4. || {{lang|la|Aprilis}} || April || {{lang|cs|duben}} || Derived from {{lang|cs|dub}}, {{gloss|oak}}. |- | 5. || {{lang|la|Maius}} || May || {{lang|cs|květen}} || From {{lang|cs|květ}}, {{gloss|blossom}}. Originally {{lang|cs|máj}}, {{gloss|May}}. The word {{lang|cs|květen}} first appeared in Jungmann's translation of ''Atala'' from 1805 as a poetism and translation for French {{lang|fr|lune de fleurs}} ({{gloss|month of flowers}}), but quickly gained acceptance. Jungmann was probably also influenced by the Polish word ''kwiecień'' ({{gloss|April}}). |- | 6. || {{lang|la|Iunius}} || June || {{lang|cs|červen}} || Either from {{lang|cs|červený}}, {{gloss|red}}, or from {{lang|cs|červ}}, {{gloss|worm}}, both related to fruit. |- | 7. || {{lang|la|Iulius}} || July || {{lang|cs|červenec}} || The same as {{lang|cs|červen}} with a diminutive suffix {{lang|cs|–ec}}, {{lit|small červen}}. |- | 8. || {{lang|la|Augustus}} || August || {{lang|cs|srpen}} || From {{lang|cs|srp}}, {{gloss|sickle}} - used for harvesting. |- | 9. || {{lang|la|September}} || September || {{lang|cs|září}} || From Old Czech {{lang|cs|zářij}}, from {{lang|cs|za říje}}. (See {{lang|cs|říjen}}.) Folk etymology derives it from {{lang|cs|zářit}}, {{gloss|to blaze, glow, radiate, shine}}. |- | 10. || {{lang|la|October}} || October || {{lang|cs|říjen}} || From {{lang|cs|říje}}, {{gloss|rutting}}, the time when the – mainly deer – males want to couple. |- | 11. || {{lang|la|November}} || November || {{lang|cs|listopad}} || Literally {{gloss|leaf-fall}}. |- | 12. || {{lang|la|December}} || December || {{lang|cs|prosinec}} || Either from {{lang|cs|prosit}}, {{gloss|to pray, beg, to ask, to plead}}, possibly relating to holidays at this time, or from {{lang|cs|prosinalý}}, {{gloss|pallid}}, from {{lang|cs|siný}}, {{gloss|deep blue}}, because the sky is usually pallid at this time. |}
==Macedonian months== {{main|Macedonian months}} The Macedonian language has two sets of names of the months of the Gregorian calendar. The most commonly used set of names is derived from the Latin month names and these are used by the vast majority of the Macedonian population. However, there is also a set of older names for the twelve months of Slavic origin that differ from the Latin month names, although their usage is archaized and largely restricted to folk literature and religious calendars issued by the Macedonian Orthodox Church.
The origin of the Macedonian month names is closely related to the agricultural activities that occur in the corresponding period, or to the weather conditions common for that period. Some months have alternative names in different regions. The usage of modern Latin month names among Macedonians started towards the end of the 19th century, as a result of mass education.
{| class="wikitable" ! No. || Latin name || English name || Macedonian Cyrillic || Macedonian Latin || Old Macedonian name || Transliteration || Etymology |- | 1. || {{lang|la|Ianuarius}} || January || {{lang|mk|Јануари}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Januari}} || {{lang|cu|Коложег}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Koložeg}} || ''Month of burning tree trunks'' |- | 2. || {{lang|la|Februarius}} || February || {{lang|mk|Февруари}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Fevruari}} || {{lang|cu|Сечко}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Sečko}} || ''Month of ice'' |- | 3. || {{lang|la|Martius}} || March || {{lang|mk|Март}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Mart}} || {{lang|cu|Цутар}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Cutar}} || ''Month of blossoming'' |- | 4. || {{lang|la|Aprilis}} || April || {{lang|mk|Април}} || {{lang|mk-latn|April}} || {{lang|cu|Тревен}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Treven}} || ''Month of grass'' |- | 5. || {{lang|la|Maius}} || May || {{lang|mk|Мај}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Maj}} || {{lang|cu|Косар}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Kosar}} || ''Time of flowering grasses and shrubs'' |- | 6. || {{lang|la|Iunius}} || June || {{lang|mk|Јуни}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Juni}} || {{lang|cu|Жетвар}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Žetvar}} || ''Time of maturity of the first yield of fruits'' |- | 7. || {{lang|la|Iulius}} || July || {{lang|mk|Јули}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Juli}} || {{lang|cu|Златец}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Zlatec}} || ''Golden month'' |- | 8. || {{lang|la|Augustus}} || August || {{lang|mk|Август}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Avgust}} || {{lang|cu|Житар}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Žitar}} || ''Month of wheat'' |- | 9. || {{lang|la|September}} || September || {{lang|mk|Септември}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Septemvri}} || {{lang|cu|Гроздобер}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Grozdober}} || ''Month of harvesting grapes'' |- | 10. || {{lang|la|October}} || October || {{lang|mk|Октомври}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Oktomvri}} || {{lang|cu|Листопад}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Listopad}} || ''Month of leaves falling'' |- | 11. || {{lang|la|November}} || November || {{lang|mk|Ноември}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Noemvri}} || {{lang|cu|Студен}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Studen}} || ''Month of cold'' |- | 12. || {{lang|la|December}} || December || {{lang|mk|Декември}} || {{lang|mk-latn|Dekemvri}} || {{lang|cu|Снежник}} || {{lang|cu-latn|Snežnik}} || ''Month of snow'' |}
==Polish months== The names of '''Polish months''' are, as in Belarusian, Croatian, Czech, Kashubian, and Ukrainian, not based on the Latin names used in most European languages, with the exception of March and May, which were borrowed from the Gregorian calendar.
{| class="wikitable" ! No. || Latin name || English name || Polish name || Etymology |- | 1. || {{lang|la|Ianuarius}} || January || {{lang|pl|styczeń}} || Inherited from Old Polish {{lang|mis|sieczeń}}, from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|sěčьnь}} ({{gloss|winter month of cutting wood}}), derived from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|sěča}} ({{gloss|cutting wood}}), from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|sěťi}} ({{gloss|to cut}}), with -ty- possibly by influence from the word {{lang|sla-x-proto|tyka}} ({{gloss|pole, rod, branch, beam}}).<ref>{{cite web | title = styczeń | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24136/styczen | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 2. || {{lang|la|Februarius}} || February || {{lang|pl|luty}} || Inherited from Old Polish {{lang|mis|luty}}, from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|ľutъ}} ({{gloss|harsh, cruel, severe}}).<ref>{{cite web | title = luty | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24137/luty | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 3. || {{lang|la|Martius}} || March || {{lang|pl|marzec}} || Borrowed from Middle High German {{lang|gmh|marz}}, from Old High German {{lang|goh|merzo}}, from Latin {{lang|la|Mārtius}} ({{gloss|of or belonging to Mars, the god of war}}). Displaced Old Polish {{lang|mis|brzezień}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = marzec | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24175/marzec | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 4. || {{lang|la|Aprilis}} || April || {{lang|pl|kwiecień}} || Inherited from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|květьnь}}, derived from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|květъ}} ({{gloss|flower}}). Diplaced Old Polish {{lang|mis|łżykwiat}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = kwiecień | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24185/kwiecien | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 5. || {{lang|la|Maius}} || May || {{lang|pl|maj}} || Borrowed from Latin {{lang|la|Maius}} ({{gloss|of or belonging to Maia, the goddess of growth}}). Diplaced Old Polish {{lang|mis|trawień}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = maj | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24206/maj | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 6. || {{lang|la|Iunius}} || June || {{lang|pl|czerwiec}} || Inherited from Old Polish {{lang|mis|czyrwiec}}. By surface analysis, from {{lang|mis|czerw}} ({{gloss|maggot; red dye made from bugs}}) + {{lang|pl|-iec}}. Diplaced Old Polish {{lang|mis|czyrwień}} possibly under influence of {{lang|mis|marzec}} and later {{lang|mis|lipiec}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = czerwiec | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/30123/czerwiec | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 7. || {{lang|la|Iulius}} || July || {{lang|pl|lipiec}} || Inherited from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|lipьcь}}. By surface analysis, from {{lang|sla-x-proto|lipa}} ({{gloss|linden, lime-tree, basswood}}) + {{lang|pl|-iec}}. Diplaced Old Polish {{lang|mis|lipień}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = lipiec | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/40238/lipiec | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 8. || {{lang|la|Augustus}} || August || {{lang|pl|sierpień}} || Inherited from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|sŕ̥pьnь}}. By surface analysis, from {{lang|sla-x-proto|sierp}} ({{gloss|sickle}}) + {{lang|pl|-eń}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = sierpień | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/31545/sierpien | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 9. || {{lang|la|September}} || September || {{lang|pl|wrzesień}} || Derived from {{lang|mis|wrzos}} ({{gloss|heather}}) + {{lang|pl|-eń}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = wrzesień | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/27017/wrzesien | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 10. || {{lang|la|October}} || October || {{lang|pl|październik}} || Derived from {{lang|mis|paździerz}} ({{gloss|boon, hurds, shives, shoves}}) + {{lang|pl|-nik}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = październik | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/31552/pazdziernik | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 11. || {{lang|la|November}} || November || {{lang|pl|listopad}} || Inherited from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|listopadъ}}. By surface analysis, from {{lang|mis|liść}} ({{gloss|leaf}}) + {{lang|mis|-o-}} + {{lang|mis|padać}} ({{gloss|to fall}}).<ref>{{cite web | title = listopad | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24314/listopad | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |- | 12. || {{lang|la|December}} || December || {{lang|pl|grudzień}} || Inherited from Proto-Slavic {{lang|sla-x-proto|grudьnъ}}. By surface analysis, from {{lang|mis|gruda}} ({{gloss|clod, heap, lump}}) + {{lang|mis|-eń}}.<ref>{{cite web | title = grudzień | url = https://wsjp.pl/haslo/do_druku/24300/grudzien | language = pl | work = Wielki słownik języka polskiego | publisher = Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN | access-date = July 27, 2023}}</ref> |}
== Russian months == The names of '''Russian months''' are used with the Gregorian calendar by the vast majority of the Russian population. The most of names for the twelve months of Slavic origin that is differ from the Latin month names and standardized set of archaic that issued by Old Church Slavonic. {| class="wikitable" !No. !Latin name !English name !Russian Cyrillic !Russian Latin !Russian name{{Efn||name=ru-note}} (archaic) !Transliteration !Etymology |- |1. |{{lang|la|Ianuarius}} |January |{{lang|ru|Январь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Janvar'}} |{{lang|ru|Сечень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Sečen'}} |''Month of cutting wood'' |- |2. |{{lang|la|Februarius}} |February |{{lang|ru|Февраль}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Fevral'}} |{{lang|ru|Лютень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Ljuten'}} |''Month of harshing'' |- |3. |{{lang|la|Martius}} |March |{{lang|ru|Март}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Mart}} |{{lang|ru|Берeзозол}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Berezozol}} |''Month of birch'' |- |4. |{{lang|la|Aprilis}} |April |{{lang|ru|Апрель}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Aprel'}} |{{lang|ru|Цветень}} ({{lang|ru|Цвѣтень}}) |{{lang|ru-latn|Cveten'}} |''Month of blossoming'' |- |5. |{{lang|la|Maius}} |May |{{lang|ru|Май}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Maj}} |{{lang|ru|Травень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Traven'}} |''Month of grass'' |- |6. |{{lang|la|Iunius}} |June |{{lang|ru|Июнь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Ijun'}} |{{lang|ru|Червень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Červen'}} |''Month of gules'' |- |7. |{{lang|la|Iulius}} |July |{{lang|ru|Июль}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Ijul'}} |{{lang|ru|Липец}} ({{lang|ru|Липецъ}}) |{{lang|ru-latn|Lipec}} |''Month of linden tree'' |- |8. |{{lang|la|Augustus}} |August |{{lang|ru|Август}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Avgust}} |{{lang|ru|Серпень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Serpen'}} |''Month of sickle'' |- |9. |{{lang|la|September}} |September |{{lang|ru|Сентябрь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Sentjabr'}} |{{lang|ru|Вересень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Veresen'}} |''Month of heather'' |- |10. |{{lang|la|October}} |October |{{lang|ru|Октябрь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Oktjabr'}} |{{lang|ru|Листопад}} ({{lang|ru|Листопадъ}}) |{{lang|ru-latn|Listopad}} |''Month of leaves falling'' |- |11. |{{lang|la|November}} |November |{{lang|ru|Ноябрь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Nojabr'}} |{{lang|ru|Грудень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Gruden'}} |''Month of heap'' |- |12. |{{lang|la|December}} |December |{{lang|ru|Декабрь}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Dekabr'}} |{{lang|ru|Студень}} |{{lang|ru-latn|Studen'}} |''Month of cold'' |}
==Slovene months== {{main article|Slovene months}} Many of the names in the standardized set of archaic '''Slovene month''' names first occur in the Škofja Loka manuscript, written in 1466 by Martin of Loka.<ref name="Stabej 1966">{{cite journal |url=http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-93FLIZJH/ |title=Ob petstoletnici škofjeloškega zapisa slovenskih imen za mesece |language=sl |trans-title=On the 500th Anniversary of the Škofja Loka Recording of Slovene Month Names |first=Jože |last=Stabej |journal=Loški razgledi |year=1966 |volume=13 |publisher=Muzejsko društvo Škofja Loka [Museum Society of Škofja Loka] |issn=0459-8210}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! No. || Latin name || English name || Slovene name || Slovene name (archaic) || Etymology |- | 1. || {{lang|la|Ianuarius}} || January || {{lang|sl|januar}} || {{lang|sl|prosinec}} || '(sun) shining through';<ref name="Snoj">Snoj, Marko. 2003. ''Slovenski etimološki slovar''. 2nd edition. Ljubljana: Modrijan.</ref><ref name="Vastikova">Vaštíková, Zuzana. 2012. ''Slovinské a české pranostiky''. Brno: Masarykova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav slavistiky.</ref> |- | 2. || {{lang|la|Februarius}} || February || {{lang|sl|februar}} || {{lang|sl|svečan}} || perhaps 'dry' or 'cut' (influenced by ''svečnica'' 'Candlemas');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 3. || {{lang|la|Martius}} || March || {{lang|sl|marec}} || {{lang|sl|sušec}} || '(earth) dry (enough for cultivation)';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 4. || {{lang|la|Aprilis}} || April || {{lang|sl|april}} || {{lang|sl|mali traven}} || 'small grass';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 5. || {{lang|la|Maius}} || May || {{lang|sl|maj}} || {{lang|sl|veliki traven}} || 'large grass';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 6. || {{lang|la|Iunius}} || June || {{lang|sl|junij}} || {{lang|sl|rožnik}} || 'flowers' (a translation of German ''Rosenmonat'');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 7. || {{lang|la|Iulius}} || July || {{lang|sl|julij}} || {{lang|sl|mali srpan}} || 'small sickle' (i.e., reaping);<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 8. || {{lang|la|Augustus}} || August || {{lang|sl|avgust}} || {{lang|sl|veliki srpan}} || 'large sickle' (i.e., reaping);<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 9. || {{lang|la|September}} || September || {{lang|sl|september}} || {{lang|sl|kimavec}} || 'nodding (fruit)';<ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 10. || {{lang|la|October}} || October || {{lang|sl|oktober}} || {{lang|sl|vinotok}} || 'wine flowing' (a translation of German ''Weinmonat'');<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 11. || {{lang|la|November}} || November || {{lang|sl|november}} || {{lang|sl|listopad}} || 'falling leaves';<ref name="Snoj"/><ref name="Vastikova"/> |- | 12. || {{lang|la|December}} || December || {{lang|sl|december}} || {{lang|sl|gruden}} || 'biting (cold)'<ref name="Snoj"/> or 'clumped (earth)';<ref name="Vastikova"/> |}
== Ukrainian months == The names of the months in Standard Ukrainian are all derived from Slavic roots with no Latin borrowings. The suffix ''{{lang|uk|-ень}}'' (''-en'') is added to most of the months' names. In some regions of Ukraine, Latin month names are used vernacularly, along with the Slavic ones, reflecting the traditional regional calendrical practices of previous centuries.<ref>Українське небо. Студії над історією астрономії в Україні : збірник наукових праць / за заг. ред. О. Петрука. – Львів: Інститут прикладних проблем механіки і математики ім. Я. С. Підстригача НАН України, 2014, c. 181: "''Латинські назви місяців використовувалися переважно у традиційних формулах датування. Проте, в окремих регіонах України деякі латинські назви збереглися в розмовному обігу до цього часу.''"</ref>
{| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" | № || colspan="2" | Months || rowspan="2" | Transliteration || rowspan="2" | Etymology |- !English name !Ukrainian name |- | 1. || January || {{lang|uk|січень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|sichen}} || Derives from {{Langx|uk|січище, січа}} – {{gloss|place, cleared from trees and plants}}, which is itself derived from {{Langx|orv|сѣча}} (of the same meaning).<ref>Сѣча // Матеріалы для словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ : въ 3 т. / Трудъ И. И. Срезневскаго. — {{abbr|СПб.|Saint-Petersburg}} : Типографія императорской академіи наукъ, 1890—1912. — Т. 3. — С. 903.{{in lang|ru}}Материалы для словаря древнерусского языка по письменным памятникам, том 3</ref> It is a reference to slash-and-burn agricultural practice.<ref name="academia">{{Cite book |last=Німчук В. В. |url=http://archive.org/details/davnyoruska |title=Давньоруська спадщина в лексиці української мови |date=1992}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=СІЧЕНЬ — ЕТИМОЛОГІЯ {{!}} Горох — українські словники |url=https://goroh.pp.ua/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/%D1%81%D1%96%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=goroh.pp.ua |language=uk}}</ref> |- | 2. || February || {{lang|uk|лютий}} ''(arch.'' {{lang|uk|лютень}}) | {{lang|uk-latn|liutyi (liuten)}} || Derives from {{Langx|uk|лютий}} – {{gloss|fierce, savage}}. It was called so due to an extremely cold temperatures.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ЛЮТИЙ — ЕТИМОЛОГІЯ {{!}} Горох — українські словники |url=https://goroh.pp.ua/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9#15719 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=goroh.pp.ua |language=uk}}</ref> Both names were used simultaneously up to the first half of the 20th century, but the simplified adjective form prevailed eventually.<ref>{{Cite web |title=лютий - Знаки етнокультури Жайворонка |url=http://ukrlit.org/slovnyk/%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9 |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=УКРЛІТ.ORG}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Лютень |url=https://sum20ua.com/Entry/search/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=sum20ua.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Тлумачення / значення слова "ЛЮТЕНЬ" {{!}} Словник української мови. Словник Грінченка |url=http://hrinchenko.com/slovar/znachenie-slova/27212-ljuten.html#show_point |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=hrinchenko.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Онацький Євген Дометійович |url=http://archive.org/details/UkrMalaEn |title=Українська Мала Енциклопедія |date=1967}}</ref> |- | 3. || March || {{lang|uk|березень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|berezen}} || Derives from {{Langx|uk|береза}} – {{gloss|birch}}. Birches usually begin to bloom in the end of March, which is also a time of birch sap collection.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Šaur |first=Vladimír |date=1972 |title=Příspěvek k rekonstrukci praslovanských názvů měsíců |url=https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/cs/handle/11222.digilib/100844,%20https://digilib.phil.muni.cz/cs/handle/11222.digilib/100844 |journal=Sborník prací Filozofické fakulty brněnské univerzity. A, Řada jazykovědná |volume=21 |issue=A20 |pages=67–78 |issn=0231-7567}}</ref> |- | 4. || April || {{lang|uk|квітень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|kviten}} || Derives from {{Langx|uk|квіт, цвіт}} – {{gloss|bloom}}. It was called so due to the intensive blooming of most known species of flowers, growing in Ukraine. It also has connections with the birch bloom.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Німчук В. В. |url=http://archive.org/details/davnyoruska |title=Давньоруська спадщина в лексиці української мови |date=1992 |pages=56–57}}</ref> |- | 5. || May || {{lang|uk|травень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|traven}} || From {{Langx|uk|трава}} – {{gloss|grass}}. The name comes from various grasses that abundantly cover the earth with green growth in this months. |- | 6. || June || {{lang|uk|червень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|cherven}} || From {{Langx|uk|червець}} – {{gloss|cochineal}}, a bug active in the first half of summer. The month used to share this name with the bug previously. |- | 7. || July || {{lang|uk|липень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|lypen}} || From {{Langx|uk|липа}} – {{gloss|linden}}. This name is associated with the exuberant flowering of linden trees and the period of collecting linden honey. |- | 8. || August || {{lang|uk|серпень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|serpen}} || From {{Langx|uk|серп}} – {{gloss|sickle}}. This month marks the start of grain harvest in Ukraine. Sickle is the most known tool used in this process. |- | 9. || September || {{lang|uk|вересень}} || veresen || From {{Langx|uk|верес}} – {{gloss|heather}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ВЕРЕСЕНЬ — ЕТИМОЛОГІЯ {{!}} Горох — українські словники |url=https://goroh.pp.ua/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C |access-date=2024-03-19 |website=goroh.pp.ua |language=uk}}</ref> Heather is a honey plant, which usually begins to bloom in the start of this month. |- | 10. || October || {{lang|uk|жовтень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|zhovten}} || From {{Langx|uk|жовте}} – {{gloss|yellow}}. This name comes from the autumn yellowing of leaves. |- | 11. || November || {{lang|uk|листопад}} || {{lang|uk-latn|lystopad}} || Literally {{gloss|leaf-fall}}. It is a combination of the Ukrainian words {{lang|uk|листя}} and {{lang|uk|пад}} – {{gloss|leaves}} and {{gloss|fall}}, respectively. |- | 12. || December || {{lang|uk|грудень}} || {{lang|uk-latn|hruden}} || From {{Langx|uk|грудка}} – {{gloss|lump}}. A reference to snow conditions during the month. |}
==See also== * Lithuanian calendar * Slavic Native Faith's calendars and holidays * Germanic calendar * Julian calendar * Romanian calendar * Slovene months
== Notes == {{Notelist}}
==References== {{Reflist}}
==External links== {{Commonscat}} * http://projetbabel.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7222 – A comprehensive table of Slavic and Baltic month names, explanation in French * http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\M\O\Monthsoftheyear.htm
{{Calendars|Slavic}} {{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Slavic calendar}} Calendar Category:Church Slavonic language Category:Specific calendars Category:Liturgical calendars Category:Months Category:Calendars