Anthiadidae

{{Short description|Family of ray-finned fishes}} {{Redirect|Anthias|the genus|Anthias (genus)}} {{Redirect|Anthiinae|the beetle subfamily|Anthiinae (beetle)}} {{Automatic taxobox | image = Anthias anthias 01.jpg | image_caption = ''Anthias anthias'' | taxon = Anthiadidae | authority = Poey, 1861 <ref name=Pyle2016>Pyle, R.L., Greene, B.D. & Kosaki, R.K. (2016): [https://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11500 ''Tosanoides obama'', a new basslet (Perciformes, Percoidei, Serranidae) from deep coral reefs in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.] ''ZooKeys, 641: 165–181.''</ref><ref name = VDLEF>{{cite journal | author1 = Richard van der Laan | author2 = William N. Eschmeyer | author3 = Ronald Fricke | name-list-style=amp |year=2014 | title = Family-group names of Recent fishes | url = https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3882.1.1/10480 | journal = Zootaxa | volume = 3882 | issue =2 | pages = 001–230| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 | pmid = 25543675 | doi-access = free }}</ref> | synonyms = Anthiidae Poey, 1861 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text }}

'''Anthias''' are members of the family '''Anthiadidae''' in the order Perciformes. The group has also been called '''Anthiidae''' or '''Anthiinae''', but these names are preoccupied by a subfamily of ground beetles in the family Carabidae erected by Bonelli in 1813.<ref name = WoRMS>{{cite WoRMS |author= Bailly, Nicolas|year=2018 |title=Anthiinae Poey, 1861 |id=151757 |access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref><ref name = CofF1>{{Cof family|family=Anthiadinae|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref>

Anthias are mostly small, thus are quite popular within the ornamental fish trade. They form complex social structures based on the number of males and females and also their position on the reef itself, and are mainly zooplankton feeders. They occur in all tropical oceans and seas of the world. The first species recognized in this group was described in the Mediterranean and northeast Atlantic and was given name ''Anthias anthias'' by Carl Linnaeus in 1758.

Anthias can shoal by the thousands. Anthias do school in these large groups, though they tend toward more intimate subdivisions within the school, appropriately called "harems". These consist of one dominant, colorful male, and two to 12 females — which have their own hierarchy among them — and up to two 'subdominant' males, often less brightly colored and not territorial. Within the swarm of females, territorial males perform acrobatic U-swim displays and vigorously defend an area of the reef and its associated harem.

Most anthias are protogynous hermaphrodites. These anthias are born female; if a dominant male perishes, the largest female of the group will often change into a male to take its place. This may lead to squabbling between the next-largest male, which sees an opportunity to advance, and the largest female, whose hormones are surging with testosterone.{{Tone inline|date=May 2012}}

Seven genera of anthias are known to occur in coral reef ecosystems: ''Holanthias'', ''Luzonichthys'', ''Nemanthias'', ''Pseudanthias'', ''Plectranthias'', ''Rabaulichthys'', and ''Serranocirrhitus''. Members of all these genera make it into the aquarium trade, although ''Pseudanthias'' is by far the most encountered in the hobby.

==Genera== The following genera are classified within the family:<ref name = CofFF>{{Cof family | family = Anthiadidae | access-date = 17 November 2024}}</ref><ref name = Nelson5>{{cite book |title=Fishes of the World |edition=5th |author1=J. S. Nelson |author2=T. C. Grande |author3=M. V. H. Wilson |year=2016 |pages=446–448 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |url=https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |access-date=2020-05-26 |archive-date=2019-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408194051/https://sites.google.com/site/fotw5th/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{FishBase|family=Anthiadidae |url=https://www.fishbase.se/summary/FamilySummary.php?ID=797 |access-date = 4 August 2025}}</ref> {{Div col|colwidth=16em}} * ''Acanthistius'' Gill, 1862 * ''Anatolanthias'' Anderson, Parin & Randall, 1990 * ''Anthias'' Bloch, 1792 * ''Baldwinella'' Anderson & Heemstra, 2012<ref name=Anderson2012>{{cite journal | last1 = Anderson | first1 = W.D. Jr. | last2 = Heemstra | first2 = P.C. | year = 2012 | title = Review of Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Anthiine Fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Serranidae), with Descriptions of Two New Genera | journal = Transactions of the American Philosophical Society | volume = 102 | issue = 2| pages = 1–173 }}</ref> * ''Caesioperca'' Castelnau, 1872 * ''Caprodon'' Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 * ''Choranthias'' Anderson & Heemstra, 2012<ref name=Anderson2012/> * ''Compsanthias'' Gill, 2024<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Gill | first1=Anthony C. | title=Compsanthias, new genus of Pacific Anthiadidae (Teleostei) | journal=Zootaxa | date=2024 | volume=5463 | issue=3 | pages=360–374 | doi=10.11646/zootaxa.5463.3.3 | pmid=39646208 | url=https://mapress.com/zt/article/view/zootaxa.5463.3.3 | url-access=subscription }}</ref> * ''Dactylanthias'' Bleeker, 1871 * ''Epinephelides'' Ogilby, 1899 * ''Giganthias'' Katayama, 1954 * ''Hemanthias'' Steindachner, 1875 * ''Holanthias'' Günther 1868 * ''Hypoplectrodes'' Gill, 1862 * ''Lepidoperca'' Regan, 1914 * ''Luzonichthys'' Herre, 1936 * ''Meganthias'' Randall & Heemstra, 2006 * ''Mirolabrichthys'' Herre, 1927 * ''Nemanthias'' J.L.B. Smith, 1954 * ''Odontanthias'' Bleeker, 1873 * ''Othos'' Castelnau, 1875 * ''Plectranthias'' Bleeker, 1873 * ''Pronotogrammus'' Gill, 1863 * ''Pseudanthias'' Bleeker, 1871 * ''Rabaulichthys'' Allen, 1984 * ''Sacura'' Jordan & Richardson, 1910 * ''Selenanthias'' Tanaka, 1918 * ''Serranocirrhitus'' Watanabe, 1949 * ''Tosana'' H.M. Smith & Pope, 1906 * ''Tosanoides'' Kamohara, 1953 * ''Trachypoma'' Günther, 1859 {{Div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

Category:Anthiadidae Category:Perciformes families