{{Short description|Traditionalist Catholic society of apostolic life}} {{Distinguish|SSPX Resistance|Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter|Society of Saint Pius V}} {{Multiple issues| {{More citations needed|date=May 2026}} {{POV|date=May 2026}} }} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox organization | name = Society of Saint Pius X | full_name = {{ubl|'''Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X'''|'''{{lang|fr|Fraternité Sacerdotale Saint-Pie-X}}'''}} | native_name = Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X | native_name_lang = la | logo = Society of Saint Pius X.png{{!}}class=skin-invert | logo_size = 150px | abbreviation = {{Ubl |SSPX |FSSPX (official) }} | named_after = Pope Pius X | established = {{Start date and age|1970|11|01|df=yes}} | founder = Marcel Lefebvre | headquarters = Menzingen, Switzerland | membership = 1,482{{Sfn|fsspx.news|2021}}{{Sfn|sspx.org|2022}} *2 bishops (2026) *733 priests *264 seminarians *145 brothers *88 oblates *250 sisters | num_members_year = 2025 | leader_title = Superior General | leader_name = Davide Pagliarani | key_people = {{Ubli |Bernard Fellay |Bernard Tissier de Mallerais† |Alfonso de Galarreta |Richard Nelson Williamson† |Franz Schmidberger }} | website = {{Official URL}} }}

The '''Society of Saint Pius X''' ('''SSPX'''; {{langx|la|Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X}} "Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X", '''FSSPX'''){{efn|Members and faithful of this group are pejoratively known as '''Lefebvrists'''.{{Sfn|Douthat|2009}}{{Sfn|Pongratz-Lippitt|2021}} SSPX rejects being called "Lefebvrist" because the term implies that it is not Catholic.{{Sfn|du Chalard|1993}}}} is a traditionalist Catholic priestly fraternity founded in 1970 by Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2018}} Lefebvre was a leading traditionalist at the Second Vatican Council with the {{lang|la|Coetus Internationalis Patrum}} and Superior General of the Holy Ghost Fathers until 1968. The society was originally established as an Association of the Christian faithful of the Catholic Church with the express permission of the Swiss Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, François Charrière.

The society is named after Pope Pius X, whose anti-Modernist stance it stresses,{{Sfn|Knittel|2004}} retaining the Tridentine Mass and pre-Vatican II liturgical books in Latin for the other Holy Sacraments. The current Superior General of the Society is Father Davide Pagliarani.

Tensions between the Society and the Holy See climaxed in 1988 with the Écône consecrations: Archbishop Lefebvre consecrated four bishops without the Apostolic Mandate and against a personal warning by Pope John Paul II,{{Sfn|Ridley|1988}} resulting in the Vatican declaration that the bishops who consecrated or were consecrated had incurred {{lang|la|Latæ Sententiæ}} (automatic) excommunication.{{Sfn|Card. Gantin|1988}} Though the SSPX denied that the bishops incurred any penalty, who, citing canon law, argued that the consecrations were permissible due to a moral and theological crisis in the Catholic Church, making them permissible under canon law, the declared excommunication of the surviving bishops was at their request removed in the hope of speedily reaching "full reconciliation and complete communion" (2009).{{citation needed|date=December 2025}}

The society's canonical situation remains disputed. Papal recognition was extended indefinitely in 2017 to confessions heard by its priests,{{Sfn|Pope Francis|2016}} and local ordinaries allowed to grant delegation to its priests for officially witnessing marriages.{{Sfn|Card. Müller|2017}} In addition, the Holy See named SSPX bishop Fellay as judge in a canonical trial against one of the society's priests.{{Sfn|CC|2015}} The significance of these recognitions is that, unlike other Catholic sacraments, both confession and marriage require canonical jurisdiction for their validity. While its critics claim the society's priests were not explicitly granted the requisite jurisdiction, it contends that they possessed "supplied jurisdiction" for confessions due to an "emergency crisis".{{Sfn|de Mallerais|1991}}

It has over 700 priestly members, and a total of 1,482 members.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2022}} Several religious institutes, mostly based in France, are associated with the society.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Globally, there are an estimated 600,000 people who attend SSPX Masses.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fsspx.news/en/news/sspx-statistics-2025-56151|title=SSPX Statistics 2025 &#124; District of the USA|website=FSSPX News|date=2026|url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2026, the Society declared their intention to consecrate new Bishops on 1 July 2026 with or without a Pontifical mandate from the Vatican, declining further dialogue with the Holy Office.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Christian |first1=Gina |title=Cardinals Müller, Sarah urge SSPX to submit to papal authority |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/cardinals-m-ller-sarah-urge-sspx-submit-papal-authority |access-date=14 May 2026 |publisher=National Catholic Reporter |date=25 February 2026}}</ref> On 13 May 2026 Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, head of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, issued a formal statement reiterating that this would be a schismatic act and latae sententiae excommunication.<ref>{{cite news |last1=McLellan |first1=Justin |title=Vatican warns of excommunication for traditionalist group on brink of schism |url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican-warns-excommunication-traditionalist-group-brink-schism |access-date=14 May 2026 |publisher=National Catholic Reporter |date=13 May 2026}}</ref> On 26 May 2026, the society announced the names of the four bishops to be Father Pascal Schreiber of Aargau, Switzerland who serves as Rector of the Herz Jesu Seminary, Father Michael Goldade of North Dakota, United States who serves as Rector of Saint Thomas Aquinas Seminary, Father Michel Poinsinet de Sivry of France who is the Superior of the Benelux District, and Father Marc Hanappier of France, a professor at Saint Thomas Aquinas Seminary.<ref>{{cite web |author=<!-- not stated --> |date= 26 May 2026 |title= The General House announces the names of the future bishops |url=https://sspx.org/en/news/general-house-announces-names-future-bishops-59319 |website=sspx.org |publisher=Society of Saint Pius X |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/kiNtJ |archive-date=26 May 2026 |access-date= 26 May 2026}}</ref>

Several organisations derive from the SSPX such as the sedevacantist Society of Saint Pius V (SSPV) and the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (FSSP) which Pope John Paul II authorized as a Society of Apostolic Life (1988).

==History== [[File:Marcel Lefebvre 1981.jpg|thumb|right|Lefebvre, the society's founder, celebrating the Traditional Latin Mass]] Like Traditionalist Catholicism in general, the SSPX was born out of opposition to changes in the Catholic Church that followed the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Glendinning |first=Chad J. |date=2014 |title=The Priestly Society of Saint Pius x |url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?id=3049197&url=article |journal=Studia Canonica |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=331–372 |via=Google Scholar}}</ref> The founder and central figure of the society was the French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, who had served the Catholic Church as Apostolic Delegate for French-speaking Africa, Archbishop of Dakar, and Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, a missionary order of priests.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://spiritanroma.org/general-administration/history/ |title=Congregation of the Holy Spirit – History |access-date=October 2, 2025}}</ref>

=== Foundation of the Society === In September 1970, shortly after his retirement as Superior General of the Congregation of the Holy Spirit, Lefebvre was approached by eleven members of the Pontifical French Seminary in Rome.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} They sought Lefebvre's advice on a conservative seminary where they could complete their studies.{{Sfn|Gagnon|2003}} He directed them to the University of Fribourg, in Switzerland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

In late 1970, at age 65, urged by the abbot of Hauterive Abbey and the Dominican theologian Father Marie-Dominique Philippe to teach the seminarians personally, Lefebvre, feeling too old to undertake such a large project, told them he would visit François Charrière, Bishop of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, with a request to set up a religious society.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He told them, if he said to go through with it, he would see in it a sign of Divine Providence.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Charrière granted Lefebvre's request and, with a document predated by six days to 1 November 1970, he established the Society of St. Pius X as a {{lang|la|pia unio}} (Latin, for "pious, or holy, union") on a provisional ({{lang|la|ad experimentum}}) basis for six years.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} {{lang|la|Pia unio}} status was the first stage through which a Catholic organisation passed prior to gaining official recognition as a religious institute or society of apostolic life.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} (Since 1983, the term "Association of the Christian faithful" has replaced {{lang|la|"pia unio"}}.) The Society of Saint Pius X was formally founded, adhering to all canonical norms, and receiving the episcopal blessing and encouragement of the local ordinary.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Some Swiss laymen offered the International Seminary of Saint Pius X at Écône to the newly formed group, and in 1971 the first 24 candidates entered, followed by a further 32 in October 1972.{{Sfn|Holy Cross Seminary|2003}}

Normally, after a suitable period of experience and consultation with the Holy See, a bishop would raise a {{lang|la|pia unio}} to official status at the diocesan level. Lefebvre attempted to bypass this stage and contacted three different Holy See departments to secure early recognition for his society.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He successfully obtained a letter of encouragement from Cardinal John Wright, prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy, but there was no approval from the Holy See congregation responsible for raising an association to the level desired by Lefebvre.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Cardinal Wright's letter, dated 18 February 1971, said concerning the field of competence of Cardinal Wright's own Congregation, that the association "will be able to contribute much to accomplishing the plan drawn up by this Congregation for worldwide sharing of clergy."{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Cardinal Wright was still recommending prospective seminarians to apply to Écône as late as 1973.{{Sfn|Davies|1979a}}

The establishment of the SSPX was unwelcome to some churchmen, most notably the French bishops, whose theological outlook differed from Lefebvre's, and who had important connections with the Holy See Cardinal Secretary of State, Jean-Marie Villot.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} According to one defender of Lefebvre, at the meeting of the French episcopal conference at Lourdes in 1972 the seminary at Écône was nicknamed {{lang|fr|'le séminaire sauvage'}}—the "wildcat seminary".{{Sfn|Davies|1979a}} By November 1974 the French episcopate indicated that they would not incardinate any of Lefebvre's priests in their dioceses which was the opposite of the desire to incardinate the society's priests by some Swiss bishops.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} They also publicly criticised Catholics who remained attached to the Tridentine Mass.{{Sfn|Davies|1979b}} By this time, the SSPX had opened additional seminaries in Armada, Michigan (1973), and Rome (1974).{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} [[File:Econe Seminary.jpg|thumb|The society's first seminary, the International Seminary of Saint Pius X, in Écône, Switzerland. {{As of|2021}}, the society has five seminaries—apart from Switzerland in Germany, France, Argentina, and United States.{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023a}}]]

=== Canonical visitation of seminary === The first sign of curial intervention was a Vatican meeting on 26 March 1974.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} By June 1974, a commission of cardinals had been formed to inquire into the SSPX, and decided on a canonical visitation of the seminary by two Belgian priests, held 11–13 November 1974.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Franz Schmidberger, later the society's superior general during 1983–1994,{{Sfn|icc.id.sspx.org|2015}} said that their report was favourable.{{efn|"Archbishop Lefebvre was told that this examination was very positive and that he just had to come to Rome and clarify some questions." [https://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2012/03/08/attacks-on-spanish-and-vatican-sites-after-lulzsec-arrests/tab/comments/#comment-24165 Conference of Father Franz Schmidberger, superior general of the Society of St. Pius X] at Rockdale, Sydney, Australia, 16 October 1990, by Father Gerard Hogan and Father François Laisney}} However, the seminarians and staff at Écône were shocked by some liberal theological opinions expressed by the two priests.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In what he later described as a mood of "doubtlessly excessive indignation", Lefebvre wrote a declaration denouncing what he considered liberal trends "clearly evident" in the council and in the subsequent reforms.{{Sfn|Lefebvre|1974}} This document was leaked and published in January 1975, in the French Traditionalist Catholic journal ''Itinéraires''.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lefebvre was in serious difficulties.{{Sfn|Holy Cross Seminary|2003}} In January 1975, Bishop Pierre Mamie of Fribourg wrote to Rome stating his intention to withdraw the {{lang|la|pia unio}} status that his predecessor had granted.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In the same month, Lefebvre was summoned to the Vatican, meeting with the cardinals on 13 February and 3 March.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Lefebvre was surprised by their hostility: at one point a French cardinal, Gabriel-Marie Garrone, reportedly called him a "fool".{{Sfn|Holy Cross Seminary|2003}}

=== Growing tensions === On 6 May 1975, with the cardinals' approval, Bishop Mamie withdrew the SSPX's {{lang|la|pia unio}} status.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Lefebvre instructed his lawyer to lodge appeals, and he ultimately petitioned the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, which turned down the appeal.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} From this point onward, the SSPX was no longer recognised as a canonical organization.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lefebvre and the society's leadership always maintained that he was treated unfairly by the Roman Curia, that the suppression of the SSPX was unjust, and that the procedures violated the 1917 Code of Canon Law.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

The SSPX continued to operate in spite of its discountenance.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In the consistory of 24 May 1976, Pope Paul VI rebuked Archbishop Lefebvre by name—reportedly the first time in 200 years that a pope had publicly reprimanded a Catholic bishop—and appealed to him and his followers to change their minds.{{efn|Nos igitur iterum adhortamur hos Nostros fratres ac filios, eosque exoramus, ut conscii fiant gravium vulnerum quae secus Ecclesiae illaturi sunt. Invitationem ipsis iteramus, ut secum recogitent gravia Christi monita de Ecclesiae unitate (Cfr. Io. 17, 21 ss.) ac de oboedientia erga legitimum Pastorem, ab Ipso universo gregi praepositum, cum signum oboedientiae sit quae Patri ac Filio debetur (Cfr. Luc. 10, 16). Nos eos aperto corde exspectamus apertisque bracchiis ad eos prompte amplectendos: utinam humilitatis exemplum praebentes, ad gaudium Populi Dei rursus viam unitatis et amoris ingredi valeant! ([https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/speeches/1976/documents/hf_p-vi_spe_19760524_concistoro_lt.html Consistory for the creation of twenty new cardinals, 24 May 1976)]}}{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lefebvre announced that he intended to confer ordination on some of his students at the end of June 1976.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} On 12 June 1976, the Nuncio in Switzerland was given instructions to inform Lefebvre that, by special order of Pope Paul VI, he was forbidden to do so.{{Sfn|Davies|1979c}} On 25 June 1976, Archbishop Giovanni Benelli, the deputy Secretary of State, wrote directly to Lefebvre, confirming, by the Pope's special mandate, the prohibition to administer the holy orders, and warning him of the canonical penalties for Lefebvre himself and those whom he would ordain.{{Sfn|Davies|1979c}} Lefebvre ignored the warnings and went ahead with the ordinations on 29 June 1976.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

In that occasion's sermon, Lefebvre explicitly recognized that he might be struck with suspension, and the new priests with an irregularity that could theoretically prevent them from saying Mass.{{Sfn|Davies|1979d}} The next day, 1 July 1976, the Press Office of the Holy See declared that following canon 2373 of the then Code of Canon Law, Lefebvre was automatically suspended for one year from conferring ordination and that those whom he had ordained were automatically suspended from exercising the order received.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} It was also announced that the Holy See was examining Lefebvre's disobedience to the Pope's orders.{{Sfn|Davies|1979e}}

On 11 July 1976, Lefebvre signed a certificate of receipt of a letter from Cardinal Sebastiano Baggio, Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops, intimating that further penalties would be imposed per canon 2331 §1 of the then Code of Canon Law concerning obstinate disobedience to legitimate precepts or prohibitions of the Roman Pontiff.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He was enjoined, within ten days of receipt of the letter, to take steps "to repair the scandal caused."{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In a letter of 17 July to Pope Paul VI, Lefebvre declared that he judged his action of 29 June to be legitimate.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The Pope considered this response inadequate, and on his instructions, the Congregation for Bishops, on 22 July 1976, suspended Lefebvre for an indefinite time from all exercise of holy orders—he could not confer any of the Sacraments, save Reconciliation or Baptism in an emergency (suspension {{lang|la|a divinis}}).{{Sfn|Davies|1979e}}

===Écône consecrations (1988)=== {{Main|Écône consecrations}}

A central controversy surrounding the SSPX concerns the consecration by Archbishop Lefebvre and Brazilian bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer of four SSPX priests as bishops in 1988, in violation of the orders of Pope John Paul II.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

By 1987, Archbishop Lefebvre was 81.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} If he had died at that point, the SSPX could have their members ordained to the priesthood only at the hands of non-SSPX bishops, regarded by Lefebvre as unreliable and unorthodox.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In June 1987, Lefebvre announced his intention to consecrate a successor to the episcopacy. He implied that he intended to do this with or without the approval of the Holy See.{{efn|"The situation is such, the work placed in our hands by the good Lord is such, that faced with this darkness in Rome, faced with the Roman authorities' pertinacity in error, faced with this refusal to return to truth or tradition on the part of those who occupy the seats of authority in Rome, faced with all these things, it seems to us that the good Lord is asking for the Church to continue. This is why it is likely that before I give account of my life to the good Lord, I shall have to consecrate some bishops" ([http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Bishops-to-save-the-church.htm Sermon on 29 June 1987])}} In the Catholic Church, a bishop requires the mandate of the Pope if he is to consecrate a bishop,{{efn|"No bishop is permitted to consecrate anyone a bishop unless it is first evident that there is a pontifical mandate" ([https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P3O.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 1013])}} and an unauthorized consecration automatically incurs excommunication.{{efn|"A bishop who consecrates someone a bishop without a pontifical mandate and the person who receives the consecration from him incur a ''latae sententiae'' excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See" ([https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P54.HTM Code of Canon Law, canon 1382]).}} Earlier, Pope Pius XII, in his encyclical {{lang|la|Ad Apostolorum principis}}, had described the sacramental activity of bishops who had been consecrated without papal approval as "gravely illicit, that is, criminal and sacrilegious".{{Sfn|Pope Pius XII|1958|p=41}} The Roman authorities were grieved by Lefebvre's plan, but they began discussions with him and the SSPX, which led to the signing, on 5 May 1988, of a skeleton agreement between Lefebvre and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the future Pope Benedict XVI.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

On Pope John Paul II's instructions, Cardinal Ratzinger replied to Lefebvre on 30 May, insisting on the observance of the 5 May agreement and adding that, if Lefebvre carried out unauthorized consecrations on 30 June, the promised authorization for the ordination to the episcopacy would be withdrawn.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

On 3 June, Lefebvre wrote that he intended to proceed.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} On 9 June, the Pope replied with a personal letter, appealing to him to abandon a design that "would be seen as nothing other than a schismatic act, the theological and canonical consequences of which are known to you."{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Lefebvre did not reply, and the letter was made public on 16 June.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

On 30 June 1988, Archbishop Lefebvre proceeded to ordain to the episcopate four priests of the SSPX. Antônio de Castro Mayer, the retired Bishop of Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil, assisted in the ceremony.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Those consecrated as Bishops were: Bernard Fellay, Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, Alfonso de Galarreta, and Richard Williamson.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

The following day, the Congregation for Bishops issued a decree declaring that Archbishop Lefebvre and the four newly ordained bishops had incurred the automatic canonical penalty of excommunication reserved to the Holy See.{{Sfn|Card. Gantin|1988}} On the following day, 2 July, Pope John Paul II issued an apostolic letter known as {{lang|la|Ecclesia Dei}} in which he condemned the Archbishop's action.{{Sfn|Pope John Paul II|1988}} The Pope stated that, since schism is defined in the 1983 Code of Canon Law as "withdrawal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff or from communion with the members of the Church subject to him" (canon 751),{{Sfn|CIC|1983a|p=751}} the consecration "constitute[d] a schismatic act", and that, by virtue of canon 1382 of the Code,{{Sfn|CIC|1983c|p=1382}} it entailed ipso facto excommunication for all the bishops involved.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Lefebvre argued that his actions had been necessary because the traditional form of the Catholic faith and sacraments would become extinct without Traditionalist clergy to pass them on to the next generation.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He called the ordinations {{lang|fr|'opération survie'}} ("Operation Survival"), citing in his defense canons 1323 and 1324 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law, the first of which says that "a person who acted coerced by grave fear, even if only relatively grave, or due to necessity or grave inconvenience unless the act is intrinsically evil or tends to the harm of souls" is not subject to penalty for violating a law or precept, while the other says "the perpetrator of a violation is not exempt from a penalty, but the penalty established by law or precept must be tempered or a penance employed in its place if the delict was committed [...] by a person who thought in culpable error that one of the circumstances mentioned in can. 1323, nn. 4 or 5 was present."{{Sfn|CIC|1983b|p=1323-1324}} [[File:Veldhoven, Archbishop Lefebvre giving Communion with Franz Schmidberger.jpg|thumb|Veldhoven, Archbishop Lefebvre giving Communion assisted by Father Franz Schmidberger]]

Some members of the SSPX disassociated themselves from the society as a result of Lefebvre's actions and, with the approval of the Holy See, formed a separate society called the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Bishop Antônio de Castro Mayer resigned as Bishop of Campos on 20 August 1981; he later participated in the 1988 Écône consecrations, declaring "my presence here at this ceremony is a matter of conscience: It is the duty of a profession of the Catholic Faith before the entire Church."{{Sfn|de Castro Mayer|1988}} After his retirement, Bishop Mayer founded the Priestly Union of Saint John Mary Vianney (SSJV). Under the leadership of his successor, Bishop Licínio Rangel, the SSJV was reconstituted in January 2002 by Pope John Paul II as the Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney, with the same territory as the Diocese of Campos.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Discussions with the Holy See=== {{Main|Dialogue between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X}}

Discussions between the Holy See and the Society of Saint Pius X towards an eventual reconciliation have been ongoing.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} For years after the 1988 consecrations, there was little if any dialogue between the SSPX and the Holy See.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} This state of affairs ended when the society led a large pilgrimage to Rome for the "Great Jubilee" of 2000.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Marcel Lefebvre had died in March 1991.

Nine years later, on 21 January 2009, the Holy See remitted the excommunications of the society's bishops that it had declared at the time of the 1988 consecrations and expressed the hope that all members of the society would follow this up by speedily returning to full communion with the Church.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Discussions since then have been complex, stemming from the society's insistence that the teachings of the Second Vatican Council on ecumenism, religious liberty, and collegiality are inconsistent with Catholic teaching and doctrine, a claim that the Holy See views as unacceptable, but recent discussions have indicated the possibility of an understanding.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In an interview on 4 March 2017 with DICI, the official news organ of the society, Bishop Bernard Fellay stated:<blockquote>Whether it is a question of religious liberty, collegiality, ecumenism, the new Mass, or even the new rites of the sacraments [...] And now all of a sudden, on these points that have been stumbling blocks, the emissaries from Rome tell us that they are open questions.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2016}}</blockquote>In the same month of March 2017, Archbishop Guido Pozzo, the prelate in charge of the Pontifical Commission ''Ecclesia Dei'', the Roman Curia's organ for traditionalist societies, stated that the Holy See and the society were close to an agreement regularizing the society's status.{{Sfn|CC|2017a}} In a letter of the same month it was announced that Pope Francis authorized diocesan bishops to grant to SSPX priests faculties to officiate at a marriage valid in the Catholic Church in cases where no priest in good standing could do so.{{Sfn|Wells|2017}}

In July 2017 Bishop Fellay signed a document along with a number of other clergy and academics labelled as a "Filial Correction" of Pope Francis.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In the twenty-five-page document, which was made public in September after receiving no reply from the Holy See, they criticized the Pope for allegedly promoting heresy through various words, actions and omissions during his pontificate.{{Sfn|Associated Press|2017}}

=== Expulsion of Bishop Williamson === In August 2012, Bishop Richard Williamson, one of those illicitly consecrated by Lefebvre, administered the sacrament of confirmation to about 100 laypeople at the Benedictine Monastery of the Holy Cross in Nova Friburgo, Brazil, during a visit to the State of Rio de Janeiro which had not been authorized by the Society's local leadership. The Society's South American district superior, Christian Bouchacourt, protested against his action on the Society's website, saying that it was "a serious act against the virtue of obedience."<ref>{{cite web |date=13 September 2012 |title=Bishop causes more controversy for breakaway Catholic group |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/25669/bishop-causes-more-controversy-for-breakaway-catholic-group |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106185948/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/bishop-causes-more-controversy-for-breakaway-catholic-group |archive-date=6 November 2018 |access-date=11 February 2019 |publisher=Catholic News Agency}}</ref> In early October 2012, the leadership of the Society gave Williamson a deadline to declare his submission, instead of which he published an "open letter" asking for the resignation of Bishop Bernard Fellay as Superior General of the Society.<ref>{{cite web |last=Wooden |first=Cindy |date=24 October 2012 |title=SSPX expels Bishop Williamson, who opposed talks with Vatican |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1204487.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130118191614/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1204487.htm |archive-date=18 January 2013 |access-date=11 February 2019 |work=Catholic News Service}}</ref> On 4 October 2012, the Society expelled Williamson in what it described as a "painful decision" citing the failures "to show respect and obedience deserved by his legitimate superiors".<ref>{{cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=24 October 2012 |title=Holocaust denying British bishop expelled from religious order {{!}} A renegade British bishop whose denial of the Holocaust precipitated a crisis in Benedict XVI's papacy has been expelled from his ultraconservative order |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/9630897/Holocaust-denying-British-bishop-expelled-from-religious-order.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917181901/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/vaticancityandholysee/9630897/Holocaust-denying-British-bishop-expelled-from-religious-order.html |archive-date=17 September 2018 |access-date=9 February 2019 |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |issn=0307-1235 |oclc=49632006}}</ref>

=== Bishop Vitus Huonder ===

In May 2019, the SSPX announced that Vitus Huonder, Bishop emeritus of Chur, Switzerland, as per a long-stated intention, had retired to one of the society's houses in order "to dedicate himself to prayer and silence, to celebrate the traditional Mass exclusively, and to work for Tradition, the only way of renewing the Church."{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In 2015, Bishop Huonder was sent by the former prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and one of Pope Francis' top advisers in the Vatican, Cardinal Gerhard Ludwig Müller to dialogue with the SSPX.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} After four years Bishop Huonder was permitted to go and live at the society's houses by Pope Francis.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He became a big supporter of the society, reporting back positive things to Pope Francis and even producing a video titled "My journey to the SSPX – with Bishop Vitus Huonder" on Youtube.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In that video, Bishop Vitus Huonder said that Pope Francis personally told him that the SSPX is not in schism.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} He was warmly received by the SSPX:<blockquote>The Society of Saint Pius X appreciates Bishop Huonder’s courageous decision and rejoices to be able to provide him with the spiritual and priestly surroundings that he desires so deeply. May this example be followed by others, so as to "restore everything in Christ".{{Sfn|sspx.org|2019}}</blockquote>Bishop Huonder died on 3 April 2024 at the age of 81, following serious illness.<ref>{{cite web |date=3 April 2024 |title=Im Herrn verstorben: emeritierter Bischof Vitus Huonder |url=https://www.bistum-chur.ch/allgemein/im-herrn-verstorben-emeritierter-bischof-vitus-huonder/ |access-date=4 April 2024 |website=Bistum Chur}}<!-- auto-translated from German by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> His funeral Mass on 17 April was celebrated by Bishop Fellay, and Huonder was buried at the International Seminary of Saint Pius X in Écône next to the tomb of Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre. Huonder's successor, Bishop Joseph Maria Bonnemain, attended the funeral, but did not take part in the celebration, due to the irregular canonical situation of the SSPX.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coppen |first=Luke |date=17 April 2024 |title=Swiss bishop defends attending predecessor's SSPX funeral |url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/swiss-bishop-defends-attending-predecessors |access-date= |website=The Pillar |language=en}}</ref>

=== Death of Bishop Tissier de Mallerais === On 28 September 2024, Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, another of the Bishops illicitely consecrated by Lefebvre, fell on the stairs of the Écône seminary, causing a skull fracture and an internal haemorrhaging; he was promptly brought to the Hospital at Martigny and placed into an induced coma. He died on 8 October 2024, after 10 days of coma; his funeral was held at the International Seminary of Saint Pius X, on 18 October.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Lasserre |first=Matthieu |date=9 October 2024 |title=Bishop Bernard Tissier de Mallerais, senior prelate of the Society of Saint Pius X, dead at 79 |url=https://international.la-croix.com/religion/bishop-bernard-tissier-de-mallerais-senior-prelate-of-the-society-of-saint-pius-x-dead-at-79 |access-date= |website=La Croix |language=en}}</ref>

The deaths of Bishops Huonder and Tissier de Mallerais, coupled with the expulsion and later death of Bishop Williamson, means that Bernard Fellay and Alfonso de Galarreta are the only remaining Bishops affiliated to the SSPX, prompting Catholic media to speculate whether the Society will proceed to new consecrations.<ref name=":0" /> In November 2024, Davide Pagliarani, General Superior of the Fraternity, explicitly mentioned this possibility for the future of FSSPX.<ref>Quote: "But obviously, Providence is speaking to us through this event. It is very clear that his death raises the question of the continuance of the work of the Society, which now has only two bishops, and whose mission for souls appears ever more necessary, in the time of terrible confusion that the Church is living through today. [...] "When the time comes, we will know how to take up our responsibilities, in conscience." Interview with Very Rev. Davide Pagliarani, ''Privileged Witness of Tradition,'' in ''The Angelus'', November–December 2024, p.6. As quoted in Fr. Jean-Michel Gleize, SSPX, first appeared in French in ''Courrier de Rome'', No. 682 (January 2025). English translation available at {{cite web|url=https://sspx.org/en/news/future-consecrations-approaching-deadline-50846#_ftnref1|title=Future Consecrations: An Approaching Deadline?|date=February 23, 2025|website=US District of the FSSPX|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250315193349/https://sspx.org/en/news/future-consecrations-approaching-deadline-50846|archive-date=March 15, 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>

===New episcopal consecrations=== On February 2, 2026, the Superior General announced confirmation of their plans to proceed with consecrating bishops for the Society on July 1, 2026.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://fsspx.news/en/news/general-house-fsspx-announces-future-consecrations-57009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260202172027/https://fsspx.news/en/news/general-house-fsspx-announces-future-consecrations-57009|date=February 2, 2026|access-date=February 2, 2026|archive-date=February 2, 2026|title=The General House of the FSSPX announces future consecrations|website=Society of Saint Pius X}}</ref> The decision has been taken in harmony with the unanimous advice of his Council and has been publicly announced on occasion of the feast of the Purification of the ever Blessed Virgin, during a ceremony he presided over at the International Seminary of Saint-Curé d’Ars in Flavigny-sur-Ozerain, France.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://zenit.org/2026/02/02/the-schism-resumes-superior-general-of-lefebvrians-announces-new-episcopal-consecrations-for-july-1/|title=The schism resumes: Superior General of Lefebvrians announces new episcopal consecrations for July 1|date=February 2, 2026|archive-url=https://archive.today/20260202172111/https://zenit.org/2026/02/02/the-schism-resumes-superior-general-of-lefebvrians-announces-new-episcopal-consecrations-for-july-1/#selection-673.21-673.121|archive-date=February 2, 2026|url-status=live}}</ref>

On February 12, 2026, Davide Pagliarani met with Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, the head of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith. The dicastery stated their openness to begin talks with the SSPX, while warning against the planned consecrations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ewtnnews.com/vatican/vatican-offers-talks-with-sspx-warns-illicit-consecrations-would-end-dialogue|title=Vatican offers talks with Society of St. Pius X, warns illicit consecrations would end dialogue|work=EWTN|date=12 February 2026}}</ref>

On February 18, 2026, the FSSPX published a letter addressed by Don Pagliarani to Cardinal Fernandez, in which 1st July was confirmed as the starting point for the new episcopal consecrations.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fsspx.news/it/news/lettera-di-don-davide-pagliarani-cardinal-fernandez-57309|language =it|title=Lettera di don Davide Pagliarani al Cardinal Fernández|date=18 February 2026}}</ref>

On March 16, 2026, the FSPPX Italian District donated to Italian bishops a volume entitled ''Al servizio della Chiesa'' (At the service of the Church) in which are explained the reasons for the new episcopal consecrations.<ref>{{Cite web|language=it|url=https://fsspx.it/it/news/la-fraternita-san-pio-x-regala-un-libro-ai-vescovi-italiani-57871|title=La Fraternità San Pio X regala un libro ai Vescovi italiani - Distretto d'Italia|website =fsspx.it|date=2026-03-16|access-date=2026-04-12}}</ref>

On May 13, 2026 Cardinal Víctor Manuel Fernández, prefect of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith, explicitly warned the Society that the planned episcopal consecrations in July would be considered an act of formal schism, and result in the excommunication of the new bishops and all involved in the consecrations.<ref name="MSN">{{Cite news |date=May 13, 2026 |title=Vatican delivers ultimatum to SSPX |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/other/vatican-warns-sspx-of-excommunication-over-planned-bishop-ordinations/gm-GML7ADB7DE?ocid=BingNewsVerp |access-date=May 27, 2026 |work=MSN News}}</ref>

==Canonical situation== [[File:Facade Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet Paris.jpg|thumb|Saint-Nicolas-du-Chardonnet, Paris, occupied by the SSPX since 1977]] [[File:Willibrordkerk interieur.JPG|thumb|St. Willibrord's Church, Utrecht, Netherlands, operated by the SSPX since 2015]] [[File:Minoritenkirche.Wien.jpg|thumb|Minoritenkirche, Vienna, Austria, received by the SSPX as a gift in 2021]] {{Main|Canonical situation of the Society of Saint Pius X}}

The canonical situation of the SSPX and of its clergy has been the subject of controversy since the 1988 Écône consecrations.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

=== Marriage === On 27 March 2017, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith communicated that Pope Francis granted local ordinaries the right to give to a priest in good standing the faculty to preside at the marriage of the society's followers, immediately after which they will participate in a Mass celebrated by an SSPX priest, or, if no priest in good standing can receive the couple's consent, to give the faculty instead to an SSPX priest.{{Sfn|Esteves|2017}}

=== Confession === On 20 November 2016, Pope Francis personally and indefinitely extended an allowance he created during the Holy Year of 2015{{Sfn|Pope Francis|2015}} for penitents confessing to priests affiliated with the SSPX:<blockquote>For the Jubilee Year I had also granted that those faithful who, for various reasons, attend churches officiated by the priests of the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X, can validly and licitly receive the sacramental absolution of their sins.{{Sfn|Pope Francis|2016}}{{Sfn|CNA|2016}}</blockquote>

=== Ordination and Holy Orders === During an interview with ''TV Libertés'' on 29 January 2017, Bishop Fellay claimed that theological discussions with the Holy See had led to permission for the society to licitly ordain priests:<blockquote>This summer it was confirmed that the Superior General can freely ordain the priests of the society without having to ask permission from the local bishop.{{Sfn|CC|2017c}}</blockquote>

==SSPX today== thumb|A liturgy held at the society's St. Jude's Chapel, Philadelphia, U.S. {{As of|2021|March}}, the society had 3 bishops and 676 priests residing in 36 countries, 760 Mass centers, 159 priories, 135 religious brothers, 82 sister oblates, 190 seminarians in five seminaries, 63 pre-seminarians in three pre-seminaries.{{Sfn|LPL|2021}}

In 2025, the Congregation of the Sisters of the Society Saint Pius X numbered 245 professed sisters in 30 communities throughout 10 countries: France, Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, the United States, Argentina, Gabon, the Dominican Republic, and Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-29 |title=SSPX Sisters' Professions and Taking of the Habit: Browerville 2025 {{!}} District of the USA |url=https://sspx.org/en/news/sspx-sisters-professions-and-taking-habit-browerville-2025-52668 |access-date=2025-07-28 |website=sspx.org |language=en}}</ref>

The society is divided into two classes of territorial units called districts and autonomous houses, each headed by a superior.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} An autonomous house may become a district after three priories have been established within its jurisdiction.{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} The most recent organizational addition of the society is the Autonomous House of Central America and the Caribbean, formed from territory taken from the District of Mexico, erected on 1 October 2017.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Over 120 (>20%) of the society's priests are stationed in the District of France.{{Sfn|LPL|2021}}

The society managed to triple the number of its chapels in Poland from 2019 to 2021.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ !District of !Priories !Chapels !Retreat centers !Schools !Source |- |Africa |8 |32 | - |5 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Asia |6 |54 |1 |2 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Australia and New Zealand |8 |40 | - |5 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Austria |4 |35 | - | - |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Belgium and the Netherlands |3 |12 | - |1 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Canada |7 |44 | 1 | 4 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Eastern Europe |7 |27 | 1 |3 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |France |46 |187 |3 |62 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Germany |11 |52 |1 |5 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Great Britain and Ireland |6 |43 | - |1 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Italy |4 |25 |2 |2 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Mexico |6 |41 | 3 |1 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |South America |8 |40 |1 |4 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |Switzerland |9 |28 |1 |7 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- |USA |22 |129 |4 |32 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023b}} |- !Total !155 !789 !18 !134 ! - |}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" !Autonomous house of !Priories !Chapels !Schools !Source |- |Central America and Caribbean |3 |25 |2 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023c}} |- |Brazil |4 |18 |1 |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023c}} |- |Spain and Portugal |2 |17 | - |{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2023c}} |- !Total !9 !60 !3 ! - |} The first seminary founded by the society is the St. Pius X International Seminary located in Écône, Switzerland.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Its largest is located in the United States: St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary, Dillwyn, Virginia, and having outgrown its previous facilities, relocated in 2016 from Winona, Minnesota; the former seminary complex continues to house the novitiate of the religious brothers.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Other seminaries are located in France ({{lang|fr|Saint Curé d'Ars}} Seminary, Flavigny-sur-Ozerain), Germany (Sacred Heart of Jesus Seminary, Zaitzkofen), and Argentina ({{lang|es|Seminario Nuestra Señora Corredentora}}, La Reja).{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The society also runs pre-seminaries for prospective priestly vocations in Italy (Albano Laziale), Brazil (Santa Maria), and the Philippines (Santa Barbara, Iloilo).{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

=== Superiors general === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Name !Nationality !Term |- |Abp Marcel Lefebvre |{{flag|France}} |1970–1982 |- |Fr Franz Schmidberger |{{flag|Germany}} |1982–1994 |- |Bp Bernard Fellay |{{flag|Switzerland}} |1994–2018 |- |Don Davide Pagliarani |{{flag|Italy}} |2018– |}

===Notable groups that have split from the SSPX=== <!--This is not to be a list of every group breaking off from the SSPX, but rather the most material/meaningful ones.--> There have been two major kinds of splits from the SSPX.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Two notable splits of the first kind involved priests who viewed the SSPX as too liberal and who use the form that the Mass had before Pope John XXIII.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The other kind involved groups who have reconciled with the Holy See and who, like the SSPX, use the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

Groups which broke with the SSPX which are not recognized by the Holy See include: * Society of Saint Pius V—In 1983, nine U.S. SSPX priests broke with or were forced to leave the SSPX's Northeast USA District partly because they were opposed to Lefebvre's instructions that Mass be celebrated according to the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal issued by Pope John XXIII.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Those in SSPX circles refer to these priests as "the nine".{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} They began their organization by refusing to complete a transaction of a church that the SSPX was attempting to purchase, using one of the nine priests as the buyer.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The founding priests took the money intended for the purchase of the church and kept the church for themselves.{{Citation needed|date=October 2013}} A number of the SSPV's priests and the lay people who go to their Masses are openly sedevacantist, a position rejected by the SSPX.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Issues occasioning the split were: Lefebvre's order that Society priests must accept the decrees of nullity handed down by diocesan marriage tribunals; the insistence that all Society Masses be celebrated according to the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal; the acceptance of new members into the group who had been ordained to the priesthood according to the revised sacramental rites of Pope Paul VI.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} * Istituto Mater Boni Consilii (English: "Institute of the Mother of Good Counsel")—is a traditionalist congregation of priests that follows the sedeprivationist school of thought.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} The founders of the institute seceded in 1985 from the Society of St. Pius X under the leadership of Fr. Francesco Ricossa, a one-time faculty member of the Écône seminary.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} In contrast to the North American-based SSPV, this Institute is based in Europe.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} * Company of Jesus and Mary (CJM)—In 1989, several priests and seminarians in La Reja, Argentina quit the Society of St. Pius X led by their former rector Fr. Andrés Morello. Some have adopted sedevacantist beliefs and submitted under bishops such as Moisés Carmona and eventually the Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen (CMRI) or the Sociedad Sacerdotal Trento (SST) while Morello and his followers who founded the religious congregation CJM adopted the Cassiciacum thesis. The CJM and some sedevacantists are based in Argentina while other sedevacantists are based mostly in Mexico but also in other countries in Central and South America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lareja.fsspx.org/es/nuestra-historia-31472|title=History; La Reja seminary|website=lareja.fsspx.org}}</ref>{{Citation needed|date=February 2025}} * SSPX Resistance/Priestly Union Marcel Lefebvre is a traditionalist Catholic apostolic association, founded on 15 July 2014 by Bishop Richard Williamson after his expulsion from the Priestly Fraternity of Saint Pius X.{{Citation needed|date=January 2025}}

Groups which broke with the SSPX but reconciled with Rome include: * Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter (FSSP)—It was established in 1988 after the Écône consecrations.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Responding to the Holy See's declaration that these constituted a schismatic act and that those involved were thereby automatically excommunicated, twelve priests left the SSPX and established the FSSP, in full communion with the Holy See.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} * Institute of the Good Shepherd—({{lang|fr|Institut du Bon-Pasteur}}, IBP) was established as a papally-recognized society of apostolic life on 8 September 2006 for a group of SSPX members who maintained it was time for the society to accept reconciliation with Pope Benedict XVI.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} * Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer ({{lang|la|Filii Sanctissimi Redemptoris}}, FSSR) founded as a religious community affiliated with the SSPX in 1988. In 2008 the community petitioned to be reconciled with the Holy See, which was accepted by then Pope Benedict XVI.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}}

===Lifestyle and clothing amongst adherents=== In the Society of Saint Pius X, a complementarian position for gender roles is upheld; "In St. Mary's, few married women work, especially once they have children."{{Sfn|Green|2020}}

Richard Williamson, a now deceased former bishop of the SSPX who later went on to align with the SSPX Resistance, wrote a pastoral letter, in which he stated that "women's trousers, as worn today, short or long, modest or immodest, tight or loose, open or disguised (like the 'culottes'), are an assault upon woman's womanhood and so they represent a deep-lying revolt against the order willed by God."{{Sfn|Williamson|1991}}{{Sfn|Barber|2009}} ''The Atlantic'', in covering SSPX, described their female adherents as being "Women in long, modest skirts [who were loading] vans that had enough seats to accommodate eight or nine kids."{{Sfn|Green|2020}}

During Catholic Mass, though there is no strict dress code, the SSPX advises "Sunday best" attire.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2023}} Women are recommended to wear skirts that fall at least below the knee, and no tight-fitting clothing.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2023}} It is customary for women to wear a veil during prayer and worship.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2023}} Men are encouraged to wear suits and ties.{{Sfn|sspx.org|2023}}

==Publications== According to Mgr. Lefebvre, since its foundation in 1978, the publishing house Angelus Press is the "official publisher and editor of books, brochures and all other official publications of the Society originating from the Society's international headquarters in Switzerland".<ref>{{cite web|access-date=23 December 2024 |date=7 November 2022 |language=en |title=Angelus Press: Celebrating a New Chapter with New Headquarters & Bookstore |url=https://sspx.org/en/news/angelus-press-celebrating-new-chapter-new-headquarters-bookstore-19306 |website=FSSPX - US District}}<!-- auto-translated from Italian by Module:CS1 translator --></ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://angeluspress.org/pages/about?srsltid=AfmBOorTvx5plIcCJCL2jdmnCQD3QFY0WC7Z3V0KgiGnSwvWz1Hjawj_|title=Homepage}}</ref>

Edizioni Piane is the FSSPX's official publishing house in its Italian district.{{Sfn|edizionipiane.it|2024}}

Each district has its own official magazine: ''The Angelus'' (US district), ''Tradizione cattolica'' (Italian district),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fsspx.it/it/la-rivista-del-distretto|title=Tradizione cattolica}}</ref> and ''Courrier de Rome'' (French district).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://courrierderome.org/qui-sommes-nous/|title=Courrier de Rome}}</ref>

==Controversies== {{Main|Controversies surrounding the Society of Saint Pius X}}

=== Political === After Bishop Richard Williamson, the subject of the complaint by the Anti-Defamation League, denied the use of Nazi gas chambers to massacre Jews in a 2009 interview, the superior-general of the society said that if he repeated his denial, he would be expelled.{{Sfn|CC|2009}} His expulsion in 2012 was for refusing to show due respect and obedience to the SSPX authorities and calling on the superior-general to resign.{{Sfn|CC|2012}} A German court convicted Williamson of Holocaust denial.{{Sfn|Associated Press|2013}}

French Nazi collaborator and war criminal Paul Touvier was arrested in an SSPX priory. The priory's superiors claimed that they had granted him asylum as "an act of charity to a homeless man". They claimed no knowledge about the man's background when he first appeared in the priory. On his death, in 1996, an SSPX Requiem Mass was offered for his soul, upon his request.{{Sfn|Fox|2009}}

On 16 October 2013, the society offered to perform a funeral for Nazi war criminal Erich Priebke. Priebke, a baptized Protestant, converted post-war with his wife to a form of Catholicism and had his children baptized.{{Sfn|Priebke|Giachini|2003|pp=150, 160–161, 170}} He rejected the cult of race as a "mistake that led down a path of no return."{{Sfn|Priebke|Giachini|2003|pp=150, 160–161, 170}} The ceremony did not take place due to protests by some 500 people outside the society's Italian district house in Albano, near Rome. The local authorities of the Catholic Church refused him a public funeral, citing a rule of canon law that, unless they gave some signs of repentance before death, a public funeral must be refused to manifest sinners to whom it cannot be granted without public scandal of the faithful.{{Sfn|Wooden|2013}}

Despite controversies surrounding Nazism, the society mentioned that Archbishop Lefebvre's father, René Lefebvre, met his death in the concentration camp at Sonnenburg in February 1944, three years after his arrest by the Gestapo; he died, "his rosary in hand, a victim of Nazi insanity."{{Sfn|fsspx.org|2024}}

The society is also known for supporting the far-right, nationalist, ultra-conservative political party Civitas in France.{{Sfn|Schreiber|2019}}{{Sfn|Bunderson|2012}}

=== Sexual abuse allegations === On 5 April 2017, ''Uppdrag granskning'', a Swedish television program alleged that four members of the SSPX—three priests and a former seminarian—had molested at least a dozen young people in several countries.{{Sfn|CC|2017b}}{{Sfn|Fegan|Svensson|Andersson|2017a}}{{Sfn|Fegan|Svensson|Andersson|2017b}} The program also stated that evidence of abuse was kept secret by the SSPX and that the priests were allowed to continue in ministry.{{Sfn|CC|2017b}}{{Sfn|Martiniere|Périsse|Gastaldi|Fegan|2017}}

Kevin Gerard Sloniker, the former seminarian and the only person accused by name in the program, was expelled from the society's St. Thomas Aquinas Seminary in 2005 and began serving a life sentence in 2015.{{Sfn|Kramer|2016}} The remaining three accusations regard priests whose names have been withheld (referred to in the program as Fathers P, S, and M); their accusers have likewise remained anonymous.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} Nonetheless, P was the subject of a canonical trial presided over by Bishop Fellay, authorized by the Holy See in 2013; he was found guilty, and subsequently ordered to retire to a monastery.{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} ''Crux'' reports "P refused to go and, according to officials of the SSPX, joined [Bishop] Williamson's Resistance."{{Sfn|San Martín|2017}}

In May 2020, the Kansas Bureau of Investigation stated that, as part of its investigation into the four Catholic dioceses in the state, it was also investigating accusations that SSPX members were either perpetrating or covering up clerical sex abuse in the state.{{Sfn|Hadro|2020}} The SSPX St. Mary's Rectory in Kansas faced sex abuse allegations, although both the U.S. district of the society and the St. Mary's Rectory denied the allegations.{{Sfn|Thomas|2020}}

==See also== {{Portal|Catholic Church}} <!-- please keep entries in alphabetical order --> {{Div col}} * Church of the Mission of France * SSPX-affiliated religious orders * Institute of consecrated life * Minaret controversy in Switzerland * Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat, a related group in the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church * St. Mary's College, Kansas * St. Dominic's College, Wanganui * The International Seminary of Saint Pius X{{Div col end}}

==Notes== {{notelist}}

==References== {{Reflist}}

== Sources == === Books === '''Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre''' * {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Michael |title=Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre |date=1979a |publisher=Angelus Press |volume=1 |chapter=Chapter 2: A New Apostolate |author-link=Michael Davies (Catholic writer) |chapter-url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Apologia/Vol_one/Chapter_2.htm}} * {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Michael |title=Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre |date=1979b |publisher=Angelus Press |volume=1 |chapter=Chapter 4: The Campaign Against Écône |author-link=Michael Davies (Catholic writer) |chapter-url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Apologia/Vol_one/Chapter_4.htm}} * {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Michael |title=Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre |date=1979c |publisher=Angelus Press |volume=1 |chapter=Chapter 10: The War of Attrition Continues |author-link=Michael Davies (Catholic writer) |chapter-url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Apologia/Vol_one/Chapter_10.htm}} * {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Michael |title=Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre |date=1979d |publisher=Angelus Press |volume=1 |chapter=Chapter 11: The Ordinations of 29 June 1976 |author-link=Michael Davies (Catholic writer) |chapter-url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Apologia/Vol_one/Chapter_11.htm}} * {{Cite book |last=Davies |first=Michael |title=Apologia Pro Marcel Lefebvre |date=1979e |publisher=Angelus Press |volume=1 |chapter=Chapter 12: The Suspension |author-link=Michael Davies (Catholic writer) |chapter-url=http://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/Archbishop-Lefebvre/Apologia/Vol_one/Chapter_12.htm}} '''Others''' * {{Cite book |last=Schreiber |first=Jean-Philippe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WaG-DwAAQBAJ |title=Les formes contemporaines de l'antimaçonnisme: Sciences des religions |date=15 November 2019 |publisher=Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles |isbn=978-2-8004-1706-6 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last1=Priebke |first1=Erich |title=Autobiografia: Vae victis |last2=Giachini |first2=Paolo |date=2003 |publisher=Associazione Uomo e Libertà |isbn=9788890100901 |location=Rome |language=it |trans-title=Autobiography: Woe to the defeated |author-link=Erich Priebke}}

=== SSPX === '''Angelus Press''' * {{Cite journal |last=du Chalard |first=Emmanuel |date=June 1993 |others=Translated by Angelus Press |title=The Heirs of Archbishop Lefebvre and the Council |url=https://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/SiSiNoNo/1993_June/Heirs_of_Archbishop_Lefebvre.htm |url-status=live |journal=SiSiNoNo |volume=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020623112359/https://www.sspxasia.com/Documents/SiSiNoNo/1993_June/Heirs_of_Archbishop_Lefebvre.htm |archive-date=23 June 2002}} * {{Cite magazine |last=Knittel |first=François |date=April 2004 |others=Translated for Angelus Press by Fr. Jaime Pazat de Lys. |title=Pascendi exposes Modernist tactics |url=https://sspx.org/en/pascendi-exposes-modernist-tactics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205224033/https://sspx.org/en/pascendi-exposes-modernist-tactics |archive-date=5 December 2013 |magazine=The Angelus |via=sspx.org}} '''archives.sspx.org''' * {{Cite web |last=archives |date=2013 |title=Question 11: Wasn't Archbishop Lefebvre excommunicated for consecrating bishops unlawfully? |url=http://archives.sspx.org/SSPX_FAQs/q11_archbishop_lefebvre_excommunicated.htm |website=archives.sspx.org}} * {{Cite web |last=de Mallerais |first=Bernard Tissier |author-link=Bernard Tissier de Mallerais |date=9-10 March 1991 |title=Supplied Jurisdiction & Traditional Priests |url=http://archives.sspx.org/miscellaneous/supplied_jurisdiction/supplied_jurisdiction.htm |website=archives.sspx.org |access-date=21 April 2017 |archive-date=14 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200614194626/http://archives.sspx.org/miscellaneous/supplied_jurisdiction/supplied_jurisdiction.htm |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |last=Lefebvre |first=Marcel |date=21 November 1974 |title=The 1974 Declaration of Archbishop Lefebvre |url=http://archives.sspx.org/archbishop_lefebvre/1974_declaration_of_archbishop_lefebvre.htm |website=archives.sspx.org |access-date=16 April 2015 |archive-date=16 April 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150416140638/http://archives.sspx.org/archbishop_lefebvre/1974_declaration_of_archbishop_lefebvre.htm |url-status=dead }} '''District of the USA''' * {{Cite web |last=Angles |first=Ramon |date=2014 |title=Validity of SSPX's confessions & marriages |url=https://sspx.org/en/do-priests-of-the-sspx-have-jurisdiction-sspx-faq-ep13-resource |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=de Castro Mayer |first=Antônio |date=30 June 1988 |title=Bishop de Castro Mayer's 1988 declaration at Econe |url=https://sspx.org/en/bishop-de-castro-mayers-1988-declaration-econe |website=SSPX – District of the USA|author-link=Antônio de Castro Mayer}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=2 July 2015 |title=Do priests of the SSPX have jurisdiction? |url=https://sspx.org/en/do-priests-of-the-sspx-have-jurisdiction-sspx-faq-ep13-resource |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=4 March 2016 |title=Interview with Bp. Bernard Fellay |url=https://sspx.org/en/interview-bp-bernard-fellay |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326010512/https://sspx.org/en/interview-bp-bernard-fellay |archive-date=26 March 2016 |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=11 April 2017 |title=SSPX Marriages are Incontestable |url=https://sspx.org/en/news-events/news/sspx-marriages-are-incontestable-29003 |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=November 2018 |title=A Story of Providence: Born in a Time of Confusion for Holy Mother Church |url=https://sspx.org/en/about/history |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181108050729/http://sspx.org/en/about/history |archive-date=8 November 2018 |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=20 May 2019 |title=Joint communiqué of Bishop Huonder and Father Pagliarani |url=https://sspx.org/en/do-priests-of-the-sspx-have-jurisdiction-sspx-faq-ep13-resource |website=SSPX – District of the USA}} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=7 July 2022 |title=The Society of Saint Pius X Reaches Milestone of 700 Priestly Members |url=https://sspx.org/en/news-events/news/society-saint-pius-x-reaches-milestone-700-priestly-members |website=SSPX – District of the USA |access-date=11 July 2022 |archive-date=20 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920200649/https://sspx.org/en/news-events/news/society-saint-pius-x-reaches-milestone-700-priestly-members |url-status=dead }} * {{Cite web |last=sspx.org |date=2023 |title=We look forward to seeing you at Mass! |url=https://sspx.org/en/node/845 |website=SSPX – District of the USA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105142356/https://sspx.org/en/node/845|archive-date=5 January 2023|url-status=live}} '''General House''' * {{Cite web |last=fsspx.org |date=2023c |title=Autonomous Houses |url=https://fsspx.org/en/autonomous-houses |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123210931/https://fsspx.org/en/autonomous-houses |archive-date=23 November 2023 |website=SSPX – General House}} * {{Cite web |last=fsspx.org |date=2023a |title=Seminaries |url=https://fsspx.org/en/seminaries |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123225141/https://fsspx.org/en/seminaries |archive-date=23 November 2023 |website=SSPX – General House}} * {{Cite web |last=fsspx.org |date=2023b |title=Districts |url=https://fsspx.org/en/districts |url-status= |archive-url= |archive-date= |website=SSPX – General House }} * {{Cite web |last=fsspx.org |date=2024 |title=Priestly Ordination, Novice of the Fathers of the Holy Ghost and Missionary Activity |url=https://fsspx.org/en/priestly-ordination-novice-fathers-holy-ghost-and-missionary-activity-31147 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114001720/https://fsspx.org/en/priestly-ordination-novice-fathers-holy-ghost-and-missionary-activity-31147 |archive-date=14 January 2024 |website=SSPX – General House}} '''FSSPX News''' * {{Cite news |last=fsspx.news |date=2 August 2021 |title=Society of Saint Pius X: Ordinations 2020–2021 |url=https://fsspx.news/en/news/society-saint-pius-x-ordinations-2020-2021-26543 |work=FSSPX News}} * {{Cite news |last=fsspx.news |date=7 November 2022 |title=Bishop Schneider Comes to the SSPX's Defense Again |url=https://sspx.org/en/news-events/news/bishop-schneider-comes-sspx%E2%80%99s-defense-again-77874 |work=FSSPX News}} '''Others''' * {{Cite web |last=edizionipiane.it |date=2024 |title=Chi siamo |url=https://edizionipiane.it/chi-siamo/ |website=Edizioni Piane |language=it}} * {{Cite web |last=Holy Cross Seminary |date=2003 |title=Short History of the Society of Saint Pius X |url=http://www.holycrossseminary.com/Most_Asked_Questions_Appendix_III_page2.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031048/http://www.holycrossseminary.com/Most_Asked_Questions_Appendix_III_page2.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |website=Holy Cross Seminary}} * {{Cite web |last=icc.id.sspx.org |date=4 December 2015 |title=Fr. Schmidberger: 40 years of priesthood |url=https://icc.id.sspx.org/en/media/photos/fr-schmidberger-40-years-priesthood-12856 |website=Immaculate Conception Church}} * {{Cite web |last=LPL |date=20 March 2021 |title=Statistiques de la FSSPX |url=https://laportelatine.org/activite/stats-fsspx |website=La Porte Latine |language=fr}} * {{Cite web |last=Williamson |first=Richard |author-link=Richard Williamson (bishop) |date=1 September 1991 |title=Bishop Williamson's Letters |url=https://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/September1-1991.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020518082735/https://www.sspx.ca/Documents/Bishop-Williamson/September1-1991.htm |archive-date=18 May 2002}}

=== Code of Canon Law === *{{Cite book |last=CIC |title=Book III - The Teaching Function of the Church |title-link=1983 Code of Canon Law |date=1983a |chapter=Cann. 747 - 755 |chapter-url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib3-cann747-755_en.html#BOOK_III.}} *{{Cite book |last=CIC |title=Book VI - Penal Sanctions in the Church |title-link=1983 Code of Canon Law |date=1983b |chapter=Part I. Title III. Those who are liable to Penal Sanctions (Cann. 1321 - 1330) |chapter-url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib6-cann1364-1399_en.html#OFFENCES_AGAINST_THE_SACRAMENTS}} *{{Cite book |last=CIC |title=Book VI - Penal Sanctions in the Church |title-link=1983 Code of Canon Law |date=1983c |chapter=Part II. Title III. Offences against the Sacraments (Cann. 1379 - 1389) |chapter-url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib6-cann1364-1399_en.html#OFFENCES_AGAINST_THE_SACRAMENTS}}

=== Websites === '''Vatican''' * {{Cite web |last=Pope Pius XII |author-link=Pope Pius XII |date=29 June 1958 |title=Ad Apostolorum Principis |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-xii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xii_enc_29061958_ad-apostolorum-principis.html |website=vatican.va}} * {{Cite web |last=Pope John Paul II |author-link=Pope John Paul II |date=2 July 1988 |title=Apostolic Letter "Ecclesia Dei" |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei.html |website=vatican.va}} * {{Cite web |last=Pope Francis |author-link=Pope Francis |date=1 September 2015 |title=Letter |url=http://www.iubilaeummisericordiae.va/content/gdm/en/giubileo/lettera.html |website=iubilaeummisericordiae.va}} * {{Cite web |last=Pope Francis |author-link=Pope Francis |date=20 November 2016 |title=Apostolic Letter "Misericordia et misera" |url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_letters/documents/papa-francesco-lettera-ap_20161120_misericordia-et-misera.html |website=vatican.va}} * {{Cite web |last=Card. Müller |first=Gerhard Ludwig |author-link=Gerhard Ludwig Müller |date=4 April 2017 |title=Letter of the Pontifical Commission "Ecclesia Dei" to the Ordinaries of the Episcopal Conferences concerned on the faculties for the celebration of marriages of the faithful of the Society Saint Pius X |url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2017/04/04/170404d.html |website=press.vatican.va}} * {{Cite news |last=Wells |first=Christopher |date=4 April 2017 |title=New pastoral provisions for Sacrament of Marriage for SSPX |url=https://www.archivioradiovaticana.va/storico/2017/04/04/new_pastoral_provisions_for_sacrament_of_marriage_for_sspx/en-1303274 |work=Vatican Radio}} '''Others'''

=== News articles === * {{Cite news |last=Associated Press |date=16 January 2013 |title=German Court Convicts British Holocaust-denying Bishop |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2013-01-16/ty-article/holocaust-denying-bishop-convicted/0000017f-ef64-dc28-a17f-ff77f1bd0000 |url-access=subscription |work=Haaretz}} * {{Cite news |last=Associated Press |date=23 September 2017 |title=Conservative Theologians Accuse Pope of Spreading Heresy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/09/23/world/europe/ap-eu-rel-vatican-heresy.html |work=The New York Times|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925230939/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2017/09/23/world/europe/ap-eu-rel-vatican-heresy.html|archive-date=25 September 2017|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite news |last=Barber |first=Tony |date=3 February 2009 |title=Bishop Williamson takes aim at women's trousers and 'The Sound of Music' |url=https://www.ft.com/content/4ced5121-1b11-3bb7-a08d-ce63e5ab9289 |url-access=subscription |work=Financial Times}} * {{Cite news |last=Bunderson |first=Carl |date=14 December 2012 |title=Government announces probe into SSPX associate group |url=https://www.ucanews.com/news/government-announces-probe-into-sspx-associate-group/66846 |work=Union of Catholic Asian News}} * {{Cite web |last=Card. Gantin |first=Bernardin |author-link=Bernardin Gantin |date=1 July 1988 |title=Decree of Excomunication of Archbishop Lefebvre |url=https://www.ewtn.com/catholicism/library/decree-of-excomunication-of-archbishop-lefebvre-1984 |via=EWTN}} * {{Cite news |last=Galindo |first=Gabriela |date=15 June 2020 |title=Paedophile priest found free in Switzerland after conviction in Belgium |url=https://www.brusselstimes.com/116844/paedophile-priest-found-free-in-switzerland-after-conviction-in-belgium |work=The Brussels Times}} * {{Cite news |last=Gagnon |first=Luc |date=18 September 2003 |title=The Wanderer Interviews Fr. Aulagnier, SSPX |url=http://la.revue.item.free.fr/interview_aulagnier_wanderer_anglais.htm |work=The Wanderer}} * {{Cite news |last=Ariza |first=Gabriel |date=10 April 2017 |title=Burke: 'There is a very dangerous confusion and also with the confusion come divisions' |url=https://infovaticana.com/2017/04/10/interview-burke/ |work=InfoVaticana}} * {{Cite news |last=Kramer |first=Becky |date=28 October 2016 |title=Trucker who molested boys from his church will spend at least 35 years in prison |url=https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2016/oct/28/trucker-who-molested-boys-from-his-church-will-spe/ |work=The Spokesman-Review}} * {{Cite news |last=La Croix |date=17 February 2018 |title=Un abbé intégriste condamné à 19 ans de réclusion en appel pour viols |url=https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/abbe-integriste-condamne-19-ans-reclusion-appel-viols-2018-02-17-1200914549 |work=La Croix |language=fr}} * {{Cite news |last=La Dernière Heure |date=18 March 2005 |title=VIOLS Un prêtre intégriste poursuivi pour agressions sexuelles |url=https://www.dhnet.be/archives-journal/2005/03/19/viols-un-pretre-integriste-poursuivi-pour-agressions-sexuelles-GIO52EY575ENBFOKNO6DHMI7SU/ |work=La DH/Les Sports+ |language=fr}} * {{Cite news |last1=Martiniere |first1=Mathieu |last2=Périsse |first2=Mathieu |last3=Gastaldi |first3=Daphné |last4=Fegan |first4=Ali |date=5 April 2017 |title=The hidden sex abuse cases at a Franco-Swiss Catholic priest fraternity |url=https://www.mediapart.fr/en/journal/international/050417/hidden-sex-abuse-cases-franco-swiss-catholic-priest-fraternity |url-access=subscription |work=Mediapart}} * {{Cite news |last=Pongratz-Lippitt |first=Christa |date=15 September 2021 |title=Historic Viennese church given to Lefebvrists |url=https://www.thetablet.co.uk/news/14506/historic-viennese-church-given-to-lefebvrists/ |work=The Tablet}} * {{Cite news |last=Ridley |first=Charles |date=16 June 1988 |title=Vatican threatens dissident priest with excommunication |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/06/16/Vatican-threatens-dissident-priest-with-excommunication/3546882320320/ |work=United Press International}} * {{Cite news |last=San Martín |first=Inés |date=5 April 2017 |title=Report charges cover-up of sexual abuse by traditionalist society |url=https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/05/report-charges-cover-traditionalist-society/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406201216/https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2017/04/05/report-charges-cover-traditionalist-society/ |archive-date=6 April 2017 |work=Crux}} * {{Cite news |last=Thomas |first=Judy L. |date=17 May 2020 |title=KBI is investigating priests in Kansas town that draws parishioners from across U.S. |url=https://www.kansascity.com/news/state/kansas/article242572821.html |work=The Kansas City Star}} '''The Atlantic''' * {{Cite news |last=Douthat |first=Ross |date=26 January 2009 |title=The Church and the Lefebvrists |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/personal/archive/2009/01/the-church-and-the-lefebvrists/55928/ |work=The Atlantic}} * {{Cite news |last=Green |first=Emma |date=January 2020 |title=The Christian Withdrawal Experiment |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/01/retreat-christian-soldiers/603043/ |work=The Atlantic}} '''Catholic Culture''' * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=3 March 2009 |title=Bishop Fellay to expel Bishop Williamson from SSPX if he denies Holocaust again |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=2170 |work=Catholic Culture}} * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=24 October 2012 |title=Bishop Williamson ousted from SSPX |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=16028 |work=Catholic Culture}} * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=4 June 2015 |title=Vatican names Bishop Fellay to hear canonical charge against SSPX priest, despite bishop's suspension |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=25155 |work=Catholic Culture}} * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=20 March 2017a |title=Vatican official confirms: agreement with SSPX is close |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=31058 |work=Catholic Culture}} * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=5 April 2017b |title=SSPX accused of abuse cover-up |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=31222 |work=Catholic Culture}} * {{Cite news |last=CC |date=24 May 2017c |title=SSPX bishops authorized to ordain priests without permission of local bishops |url=https://www.catholicculture.org/news/headlines/index.cfm?storyid=31663 |work=Catholic Culture}} '''Catholic News Agency''' * {{Cite news |last=CNA |date=21 November 2016 |title=Pope extends Jubilee mandate on abortion, SSPX confession |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/34956/pope-extends-jubilee-mandate-on-abortion-sspx-confession |work=Catholic News Agency}} * {{Cite news |last=Hadro |first=Matt |date=20 May 2020 |title=Kansas investigating sexual abuse claims in breakaway Society of St. Pius X |url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/44589/kansas-investigating-sexual-abuse-claims-in-breakaway-society-of-st-pius-x |work=Catholic News Agency}} '''National Catholic Reporter''' * {{Cite news |last=Fox |first=Thomas C. |date=26 January 2009 |title=Lefebvre movement: long, troubled history with Judaism |url=https://www.ncronline.org/news/lefebvre-movement-long-troubled-history-judaism |work=National Catholic Reporter}} * {{Cite news |last=Wooden |first=Cindy |date=16 October 2013 |title=Nazi war criminal's SSPX funeral stopped by protests |url=http://ncronline.org/news/global/nazi-war-criminals-sspx-funeral-stopped-protests |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017124133/http://ncronline.org/news/global/nazi-war-criminals-sspx-funeral-stopped-protests |archive-date=17 October 2015 |work=National Catholic Reporter}} * {{Cite news |last=Esteves |first=Junno Arocho |date=4 April 2017 |title=Pope approves provisions to recognize marriages of SSPX faithful |url=https://www.ncronline.org/pope-approves-provisions-recognize-marriages-sspx-faithful |work=National Catholic Reporter}} '''Swedish News''' * {{Cite news |last1=Fegan |first1=Ali |last2=Svensson |first2=Lars-Göran |last3=Andersson |first3=Ida |date=6 April 2017a |title=Pope helped SSPX after scandal with Holocaust-denying bishop |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/pope-helped-sspx-after-scandal-with-holocaust-denying-bishop |work=SVT Nyheter}} * {{Cite news |last1=Fegan |first1=Ali |last2=Svensson |first2=Lars-Göran |last3=Andersson |first3=Ida |date=6 April 2017b |title=New cover-ups of assaults by Catholic priests |url=https://www.svt.se/nyheter/granskning/ug/new-cover-ups-of-assaults-by-catholic-priests |work=SVT Nyheter Granskning}} '''Swiss News''' * {{Cite news |last=swissinfo |date=14 December 2017 |title=Swiss priest convicted of sexual abuse at Belgian school |url=https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/jail_swiss-priest-convicted-of-sexual-abuse-at-belgian-school/43754264 |work=swissinfo.ch}} * {{Cite news |last=Zbinden |first=Raphaël |date=13 December 2017 |title=Pédophilie: un prêtre valaisan de la FSSPX condamné en Belgique |url=https://www.cath.ch/newsf/pedophilie-pretre-valaisan-de-fsspx-condamne-belgique/ |work=Portail catholique suisse |language=fr}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} * {{Official website}} * [https://sspx.org/en Website of district of the USA] * [https://laportelatine.org Official French website]

{{SSPX}} {{Traditionalist Catholicism}} {{Authority control}}

Category:Society of Saint Pius X Category:1970 establishments in Switzerland Category:Communities using the Tridentine Mass Category:Christian organizations established in 1970 Category:Traditionalist Catholicism Category:Religious organisations based in Switzerland Pius X