Association for Computing Machinery

{{Short description|International Society for Computing}} {{Use mdy dates|date=March 2026}} {{Infobox organization | name = Association for Computing Machinery | image = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) logo.svg | image_border = | image_size = 100px | image_alt = "acm" in blue circle with gray rim, surrounded by blue diamond | caption = | formation = {{start date and age|1947|09|15}}<ref name="ah" /> | tax_id = 13-1921358 | type = 501(c)(3) not-for-profit membership corporation | headquarters = 1601 Broadway, Times Square, New York City | num_members = 110,000 | leader_title = President | leader_name = Yannis Ioannidis | key_people = | num_staff = | budget = | website = {{URL|acm.org}} }}

The '''Association for Computing Machinery''' ('''ACM''') is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New York City.<ref name="ah">{{cite web|access-date=2025-08-14 |archive-date=2016-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101053958/https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history |language=en |quote=The Association for Computing Machinery was founded as the Eastern Association for Computing Machinery at a meeting at Columbia University in New York on September 15, 1947. Its creation was the logical outgrowth of increasing interest in computers as evidenced by several events,[...] |title=ACM History |url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history |url-status=live |website=Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref><ref name="Misa2016">{{cite web |last=Misa |first=Thomas J. |title=Communities of Computing: Computer Science and Society in the ACM |url=https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/communities-of-computing-thomas-j-misa/1133119749 |publisher=Barnes & Noble |date=2016-11-10 |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref> The ACM is a non-profit professional membership group,<ref name="CharityNavigatorACM">{{cite web |last=Charity Navigator |title=Rating for Association for Computing Machinery |url=https://www.charitynavigator.org/ein/131921358 |publisher=Charity Navigator |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref> reporting nearly 110,000 student and professional members {{as of|2024|lc=y}}.<ref name="ACM2025Distinguished">{{cite web |title=Renowned Computing Society Announces New Class of Distinguished Members |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2025/february/distinguished-members-2024 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |date=2025-02-12 |access-date=2025-10-06}}</ref>

The ACM<ref>{{cite web|url=https://research.ibm.com/blog/2025-turing-award|title=Like the information in a dream: IBM’s Charles H. Bennett receives ACM Turing award|website=research.ibm.com|publisher=IBM Research|date= 18 March 2026}}</ref> is an umbrella organization for academic and scholarly interests in computer science (informatics). Its motto is "Advancing Computing as a Science & Profession".<ref name="Misa2016"/>

==History== In 1947, a notice was sent to various people:<ref>{{cite web |title=Notice on Organization of an 'Eastern Association for Computing Machinery' |url=https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/cbi_acm/item/1731 |website=ACM Records (CBI 205), Box 3, Folder 6 |date=25 June 1947 |access-date=February 21, 2026 |archive-date=September 15, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250915152358/https://gallery.lib.umn.edu/exhibits/show/cbi_acm/item/1731 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{r|robertson}} <blockquote> On January 10, 1947, at the Symposium on Large-Scale Digital Calculating Machinery at the Harvard computation Laboratory, Professor Samuel H. Caldwell of Massachusetts Institute of Technology spoke of the need for an association of those interested in computing machinery, and of the need for communication between them. [...] After making some inquiries during May and June, we believe there is ample interest to start an informal association of many of those interested in the new machinery for computing and reasoning. Since there has to be a beginning, we are acting as a temporary committee to start such an association: :E. C. Berkeley, Prudential Insurance Co. of America, Newark, N. J. :R. V. D. Campbell, Raytheon Manufacturing Co., Waltham, Mass. :John H. Curtiss, Bureau of Standards, Washington, D.C. :H. E. Goheen, Office of Naval Research, Boston, Mass. :J. W. Mauchly, Electronic Control Co., Philadelphia, Pa. :T. K. Sharpless, Moore School of Elec. Eng., Philadelphia, Pa. :R. Taylor, Mass. Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, Mass. :C. B. Tompkins, Engineering Research Associates, Washington, D.C. </blockquote>

The committee (except for Curtiss) had gained experience with computers during World War II: Berkeley, Campbell, and Goheen helped build Harvard Mark I under Howard H. Aiken, Mauchly and Sharpless were involved in building ENIAC, Tompkins had used "the secret Navy code-breaking machines", and Taylor had worked on Bush's Differential analyzers.<ref name=robertson>{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=L. |title=Anecdotes |journal=IEEE Annals of the History of Computing |date=October 2005 |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=89–92 |doi=10.1109/MAHC.2005.53}}</ref>

The ACM was then founded on September 15, 1947, under the name ''Eastern Association for Computing Machinery'', which was changed the following year to the Association for Computing Machinery.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history|title=ACM History|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=2018-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1948-01_3_21 |title=Mathematical Tables and other Aids to Computation 1948-01: Vol 3 Issue 21 |date=January 1948 |publisher=American Mathematical Society |language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://archive.org/details/sim_american-statistician_june-july-1950_4_3 |title=The American Statistician June-July 1950: Vol 4 Iss 3 |date=June–July 1950 |publisher=American Statistical Association |language=English}}</ref> The ACM History Committee since 2016 has published the A.M.Turing Oral History project, the ACM Key Award Winners Video Series, and the India Industry Leaders Video project.<ref>{{cite news |title=Oral Histories |url=https://history.acm.org/projects-and-initiatives/oral-histories/ |website=ACM History Committee |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref>

==Activities== thumb|ACM headquarters are located at 1601 Broadway, Times Square, New York City. ACM is organized into over 180 local professional chapters<ref name="ac">{{Cite web |title=About Chapters |url=https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228171447/https://www.acm.org/chapters/about-chapters |archive-date=2023-12-28 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and 38 Special Interest Groups (SIGs),<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-04 |title=Alphabetical Listing of ACM SIGs |url=https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |access-date=2023-12-28 |archive-date=November 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104174410/https://www.acm.org/special-interest-groups/alphabetical-listing |url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> through which it conducts most of its activities. Additionally, there are over 680 student chapters.<ref name="ac"/> The first student chapter was founded in 1961 at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.<ref>Note: The school was then [1961] known as the "University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL)". (Its name was later changed [in 1999] to the "University of Louisiana at Lafayette".)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-05-26 |title=Student Chapters |url=https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926181101/https://computing.louisiana.edu/cacs-research/student-chapters |archive-date=2023-09-26 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=School of Computing & Informatics |language=en}}</ref>

Many of the SIGs, such as SIGGRAPH, SIGDA, SIGPLAN, SIGCSE and SIGCOMM, sponsor regular conferences, that serve as major publication venues in their respective fields. The groups also publish a large number of specialized journals, magazines, and newsletters.

ACM also sponsors other computer science related events such as the worldwide ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest (ICPC), and has sponsored some other events such as the chess match between Garry Kasparov and the IBM Deep Blue computer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How IBM's Deep Blue Beat World Champion Chess Player Garry Kasparov – IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-ibms-deep-blue-beat-world-champion-chess-player-garry-kasparov |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=IEEE |language=en}}</ref>

==Services==

===Publications=== {{main category|Association for Computing Machinery publications}} thumb|Proceedings for the 1970 ACM National Conference ACM publishes over 50 journals,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/publications/journals|title=Journals & Magazines|work=acm.org}}</ref> such as the ''Journal of the ACM'' which academic citation metrics rank among the top computer science publications,<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Paul Benjamin |last1=Lowry |first2=Denton |last2=Romans |first3=Aaron |last3=Curtis |title=Global Journal Prestige and Supporting Disciplines: A Scientometric Study of Information Systems Journals |journal=Journal of the Association for Information Systems |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=29–80 |year=2004 |ssrn=666145|doi=10.17705/1jais.00045 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and two general magazines for computer professionals, ''Communications of the ACM'' (also known as ''Communications'' or ''CACM'') and ''Queue''.

Other publications of the ACM include: *''ACM XRDS'', formerly "Crossroads", was redesigned in 2010 and is the most popular student computing magazine in the US. *''ACM Interactions'', an interdisciplinary HCI publication focused on the connections between experiences, people and technology, and the third largest ACM publication.<ref>{{Cite journal| last1 = Wakkary | first1 = R.| last2 = Stolterman | first2 = E.| doi = 10.1145/1897239.1897240| title = WELCOME: Our first interactions | journal = Interactions| volume = 18| pages = 5| year = 2011| s2cid = 6840587}}</ref> *''ACM Computing Surveys'' (CSUR) *''Computers in Entertainment'' (CIE) *''ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems'' (JETC) *''ACM Special Interest Group: Computers and Society'' (SIGCAS)<ref>{{cite web | title= Home page | url= https://www.sigcas.org/newsletter | website = sigcas.org | publisher= Association for Computing Machinery | access-date = 28 October 2017 }}</ref> *A number of journals, specific to subfields of computer science, titled ''ACM Transactions''. Some of the more notable transactions include: **''ACM Transactions on Algorithms'' (TALG) **''ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems'' (TECS) **''ACM Transactions on Computer Systems'' (TOCS) **''IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics'' now published through the IEEE and entitled ''IEEE Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics'' (TCBB) **''ACM Transactions on Computational Logic'' (TOCL) **''ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction'' (TOCHI) **''ACM Transactions on Database Systems'' (TODS) **''ACM Transactions on Graphics'' (TOG) **''ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software'' (TOMS) **''ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications'' (TOMM) **''IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking'' (TON) **''ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems'' (TOPLAS) **Games: Research and Practice

''Communications'' transitioned from publishing primary research to focusing on broader industry perspectives. The publication has featured significant discussions and developments in computing history.

ACM has made almost all of its publications available to paid subscribers online at its Digital Library and also has a Guide to Computing Literature. ACM also offers insurance, online courses, and other services to its members.

In 1997, ACM Press published ''Wizards and Their Wonders: Portraits in Computing'' ({{ISBN|0897919602}}), written by Christopher Morgan, with new photographs by Louis Fabian Bachrach. The book is a collection of historic and current portrait photographs of figures from the computer industry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wakkary |first=R. |date=2011 |title=WELCOME: Our first interactions |url=https://uhamzah.p2k.co.id/IT/2411-2304/Association-for-Computing-Machinery_5791_uhamzah-p2k.html |journal=Interactions |volume=18 |pages=5 |doi=10.1145/1897239.1897240|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Portal and Digital Library=== The '''ACM Portal''' is an online service of the ACM.<ref name=portal>{{cite web|url=http://portal.acm.org/|title=ACM Digital Library|work=acm.org}}</ref> Its core are two main sections: '''ACM Digital Library''' and the ''ACM Guide to Computing Literature''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.libs.uga.edu/research/subject/computer-science |title=The University of Georgia Guide to Online Resources |access-date=July 12, 2015 |archive-date=October 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004194857/http://www.libs.uga.edu/research/subject/computer-science |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The ACM Digital Library was launched in October 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acm.org/dl/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19971013171604/http://www.acm.org/dl/|archive-date=October 13, 1997|title=ACM Digital Library|access-date=August 17, 2023}}</ref> It is the full-text collection of all articles published by the ACM in its articles, magazines and conference proceedings. The Guide is a bibliography in computing with over one million entries.<ref name=portal/> The ACM Digital Library contains a comprehensive archive starting in the 1950s of the organization's journals, magazines, newsletters and conference proceedings. Online services include a forum called Ubiquity and Tech News digest. There is an extensive underlying bibliographic database containing key works of all genres from all major publishers of computing literature. This secondary database is a rich discovery service known as The ACM Guide to Computing Literature.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The ACM Guide to Computing Literature |url=https://libraries.acm.org/digital-library/acm-guide-to-computing-literature |access-date=2025-02-24 |website=libraries.acm.org |language=en}}</ref>

ACM adopted a hybrid Open Access (OA) publishing model in 2013. Authors who do not choose to pay the OA fee must grant ACM publishing rights by either a copyright transfer agreement or a publishing license agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://authors.acm.org/ | title=ACM Author Rights |publisher=Acm.org}}</ref>

ACM was a "green" publisher before the term was invented.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM History |url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/acm-history |access-date=2024-07-13 |website=www.acm.org |language=en}}</ref> Authors may post documents on their own websites and in their institutional repositories with a link back to the ACM Digital Library's permanently maintained Version of Record.

All metadata in the Digital Library is open to the world, including abstracts, linked references and citing works, citation and usage statistics, as well as all functionality and services. Other than the free articles, the full-texts are accessed by subscription. In addition, starting on April 7, 2022, ACM made its publications from 1951 to 2000 open access through the Digital Library in celebration of the 75th anniversary of the organization's founding.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-07 |title=World's Largest Computing Society Makes Thousands of Research Articles Freely Available; Opens First 50 Years Backfile |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2022/april/50-years-backfile |website=ACM}}</ref>

In 2020, ACM launched a major push to become a fully open access publisher by 2026. ACM restructured its pricing for the ACM Digital Library on the basis of publishing activity by affiliated lead authors in ACM's journals, magazines, and conference proceedings. Under this model, termed "ACM Open", institutions pay set fees for full access to ACM Digital Library contents as well as unlimited open access publishing by their affiliated authors. Authors not affiliated with a participating institution will be expected to pay an article processing charge.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Rick |date=2020-02-10 |title=ACM's New Open Access Agreements: A Q&A with Scott Delman |url=https://scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org/2020/02/10/acms-new-open-access-agreements-a-qa-with-scott-delman/ |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=The Scholarly Kitchen |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM OPEN (ACM's Transformative Model for Open Access Publication) |url=https://libraries.acm.org/subscriptions-access/acmopen |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=ACM |language=en}}</ref> As of May 2024, ACM reported that more than 1,340 institutions worldwide had signed on for ACM Open, putting ACM at just over halfway to meeting its target of 2,500 participating institutions by 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Institutions Currently Participating in ACM OPEN |url=https://libraries.acm.org/acmopen/open-participants |access-date=2024-05-28 |website=Association for Computing Machinery |language=en}}</ref>

==Membership grades== {{main category|Members of the Association for Computing Machinery}} In addition to student and regular members, ACM has several advanced membership grades to recognize those with multiple years of membership and "demonstrated performance that sets them apart from their peers".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.acm.org/membership/membership/senior_members/ |title=ACM Senior Members–An Overview |publisher=Acm.org |access-date=November 24, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118200303/http://www.acm.org/membership/membership/senior_members/ |archive-date=January 18, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The number of Fellows, Distinguished Members, and Senior Members cannot exceed 1%, 10%, and 25% of the total number of professional members, respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/advanced-member-grades|title = ACM Advanced Grades of Membership}}</ref>

===Fellows=== {{main|ACM Fellow}} {{main list|List of fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery}} The ACM Fellows Program was established by Council of the Association for Computing Machinery in 1993 "to recognize and honor outstanding ACM members for their achievements in computer science and information technology and for their significant contributions to the mission of the ACM." There are 1,310 Fellows {{as of|2020|lc=y}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/fellows/award-winners |title=List of ACM Fellows |publisher=Awards.acm.org |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref> out of about 100,000 members.

===Distinguished Members=== {{main list|List of distinguished members of the Association for Computing Machinery}} In 2006, ACM began recognizing two additional membership grades, one which was called Distinguished Members. Distinguished Members (Distinguished Engineers, Distinguished Scientists, and Distinguished Educators) have at least 15 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous ACM membership and "have made a significant impact on the computing field". In 2006 when the Distinguished Members first came out, one of the three levels was called "Distinguished Member" and was changed about two years later to "Distinguished Educator". Those who already had the Distinguished Member title had their titles changed to one of the other three titles.

===Senior Members=== Also in 2006, ACM began recognizing Senior Members. According to the ACM, "The Senior Members Grade recognizes those ACM members with at least 10 years of professional experience and 5 years of continuous Professional Membership who have demonstrated performance through technical leadership, and technical or professional contributions".<ref>[https://awards.acm.org/senior-members ACM Senior Members]</ref> Senior membership also requires 3 letters of reference.

===Professional Members=== ACM Professional Membership is open to individuals that have satisfied one or more of the following criteria: # Bachelor's degree (in any subject), # Or, equivalent level of education, # Or, two-year's full-time employment in the IT field.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACM Professional Membership |url=https://services.acm.org/public/qj/profqj/qjprof_control.cfm?promo=PWEBTOP&form_type=Professional |website=ACM Home |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref>

As mentioned above, professional members make up the majority of the non-student membership of ACM and reflect its importance as an organization for persons experienced in computing and related fields.

===Student Members=== ACM offers membership to students during their study of courses relevant to computing. ACM Student Members pay a reduced rate compared to other members and are able to gain benefits to assist in their learning.<ref>{{cite web |title=ACM Student Membership |url=https://services.acm.org/public/qj/quickjoin/qj_control.cfm?promo=PWEBTOP&form_type=Student |website=ACM Home |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery |access-date=13 April 2026}}</ref>

===Distinguished Speakers=== While not technically a membership grade, the ACM recognizes distinguished speakers on topics in computer science. A distinguished speaker is appointed for a three-year period. There are usually about 125 current distinguished speakers. The ACM maintains a speakers bureau of approximately 125 experts from academia, industry, and government who present on topics within their areas of expertise.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/ |title = Homepage|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> The distinguished speakers program (DSP) has been in existence for over 20 years and serves as an outreach program that brings renowned experts from Academia, Industry and Government to present on the topic of their expertise.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/about/purpose| title = The History of the Distinguished Speakers Program |website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref> The DSP is overseen by a committee.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://speakers.acm.org/committee| title = ACM Speakers Committee|website = ACM Distinguished Speakers|publisher = Association for Computing Machinery}}</ref>

== Code of Ethics == The Code includes 25 precepts expressed as statements of personal responsibility, identifying the elements of such commitment while addressing issues professionals are likely to face in the future. In 2018, the ACM conducted the first comprehensive revision of its Code of Ethics in twenty-six years.<ref name="ACM2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/code-of-ethics |title=ACM Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct |author=Association for Computing Machinery |year=2018 |access-date=March 28, 2026}}</ref> This update replaces the 1992 version to integrate ethical challenges arising from artificial intelligence and Big Data, reaffirming the Code's foundational commitment to the social impact of technology.<ref name="ACMPress2018">{{cite web |url=https://www.acm.org/media-center/2018/july/code-of-ethics |title=ACM Updates Code of Ethics to Address Modern Computing Challenges |author=ACM Media Center |date=July 17, 2018 |access-date=March 28, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>

The first part includes fundamental ethical considerations; the second part addresses professional conduct; the third part pertains to individuals in leadership roles; and the fourth part covers principles involving compliance with the Code. The Code is supplemented by a series of guidelines designed to assist members in ethical decision-making and serve as a basis for judging formal complaints regarding violations of professional standards. While computing is not explicitly mentioned in the section on moral precepts, the Code focuses on how these fundamental mandates apply to individual behavior as a computing professional, deriving from more general ethical principles.

The first section, following the preamble "a computing professional should...", details 7 fundamental general principles:

* '''1.1 Contribute to society and human well-being, acknowledging that all people are stakeholders in computing:''' Professionals must use their skills for the benefit of society and the environment. This includes promoting human rights, individual autonomy, and minimizing negative consequences such as risks to health or safety. Priority should be given to the needs of the disadvantaged. * '''1.2 Avoid harm:''' "Harm" is defined as significant and unjustified negative consequences (injury, loss of information, or property damage). Professionals must mitigate unintended risks, follow industry best practices, and, if necessary, alert authorities to systemic risks (whistleblowing). * '''1.3 Be honest and trustworthy:''' Requires full transparency regarding a system's capabilities and limitations. The Code explicitly prohibits falsifying data, bribery, and misleading claims, requiring the disclosure of any potential conflicts of interest. * '''1.4 Be fair and take action not to discriminate:''' Encourages fair participation and equitable access to technology. It prohibits discrimination based on race, gender, age, or disability, noting that a lack of inclusive and accessible design can constitute unfair discrimination. * '''1.5 Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions, creative works, and computing artifacts:''' Credit must be given to original authors, respecting patents and copyrights. However, the Code also encourages public good through open-source software and the public domain. * '''1.6 Respect privacy:''' Professionals must understand the rights associated with the collection and use of personal data. Only the minimum necessary information should be collected, ensuring informed consent and protecting data from unauthorized access or the identification of individuals from anonymized data. * '''1.7 Honor confidentiality:''' Professionals must protect confidential information (trade secrets, client data, etc.), except in cases where evidence of a violation of the law or the Code requires disclosure to the authorities.<ref name="ACM2018" />

==Chapters== ACM has three kinds of chapters: Special Interest Groups,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.acm.org/sigs | title=ACM Special Interest Groups | access-date=August 7, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100727190450/http://www.acm.org/sigs | archive-date=July 27, 2010 | url-status=dead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Professional Chapters, and Student Chapters.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.acm.org/chapters/ | title=ACM Chapters | access-date=August 7, 2010}}</ref>

{{as of|2022}}, ACM has professional & SIG Chapters in 56 countries.<ref>{{cite web | title = Worldwide Professional Chapters | url = http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/ | publisher = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) | access-date = 2012-12-27 | archive-date = November 28, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161128093440/http://www.acm.org/chapters/maps/ | url-status = dead }}</ref>

{{as of|2022}}, there exist ACM student chapters in 41 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://campus.acm.org/public/chapters/geo_listing/index.cfm?ct=Student&inus=0 |title=Chapters Listing by Geographic Region — Association for Computing Machinery |publisher=Campus.acm.org |access-date=2013-10-02}}</ref>

===Special Interest Groups=== {{main category|Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Groups}} {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * SIGACCESS: Accessible Computing * SIGACT: Algorithms and Computation Theory * SIGAda: Ada Programming Language * SIGAI: Artificial Intelligence * SIGAPP: Applied Computing * SIGARCH: Computer Architecture * SIGBED: Embedded Systems * SIGBio: Bioinformatics * SIGCAS: Computers and Society * SIGCHI: Computer–Human Interaction * SIGCOMM: Data Communication * SIGCSE: Computer Science Education * SIGDA: Design Automation * SIGDOC: Design of Communication * SIGecom: Economics and Computation * SIGEVO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation * SIGGRAPH: Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques * SIGHPC: High Performance Computing * SIGIR: Information Retrieval * SIGITE: Information Technology Education * SIGKDD: Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining * SIGLOG: Logic and Computation<ref> {{cite web | url = https://siglog.acm.org/ | title = ACM Special Interest Group on Logic and Computation | publisher=acm.org | access-date=2015-01-28 }}</ref> * SIGMETRICS: Measurement and Evaluation * SIGMICRO: Microarchitecture * SIGMIS: Management Information Systems * SIGMM: Multimedia * SIGMOBILE: Mobility of Systems, Users, Data and Computing * SIGMOD: Management of Data * SIGOPS: Operating Systems * SIGPLAN: Programming Languages * SIGSAC: Security, Audit, and Control * SIGSAM: Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation * SIGSIM: Simulation and Modeling * SIGSOFT: Software Engineering * SIGSPATIAL: Spatial Information * SIGUCCS: University and College Computing Services * SIGWEB: Hypertext, Hypermedia, and Web {{div col end}}

==Conferences== {{main category|Association for Computing Machinery conferences}} ACM and its Special Interest Groups (SIGs) sponsors numerous conferences worldwide. Most of the SIGs also have an annual conference. ACM conferences are widely recognized publication venues that typically maintain low acceptance rates.

For example, SIGGRAPH 2007 attracted about 30000 attendees, while CIKM 2005 and RecSys 2022 had paper acceptance rates of only accepted 15% and 17% respectively.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://dl.acm.org/action/showFmPdf?doi=10.1145%2F3523227|title=Proceedings of ACM RecSys 2022)|year=2022 |doi=10.1145/3523227 |isbn=9781450392785 |access-date=March 7, 2023 |editor-last1=Golbeck |editor-last2=Harper |editor-last3=Murdock |editor-last4=Ekstrand |editor-last5=Shapira |editor-last6=Basilico |editor-last7=Lundgaard |editor-last8=Oldridge |editor-first1=Jennifer |editor-first2=F. Maxwell |editor-first3=Vanessa |editor-first4=Michael |editor-first5=Bracha |editor-first6=Justin |editor-first7=Keld |editor-first8=Even }}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=30em}} * AIES: Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society * ASPLOS: International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems * CHI: Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems * CIKM: Conference on Information and Knowledge Management<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cikmconference.org/ |title=Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM) |publisher=Cikmconference.org }}</ref> * COMPASS: International Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies<ref>{{cite web|url=https://acmcompass.org/|title=ACM SIGCAS Conference on Computing and Sustainable Societies (COMPASS)|access-date=June 1, 2019|archive-date=June 1, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601054635/https://acmcompass.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * DAC: Design Automation Conference * DEBS: Distributed Event Based Systems<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.debs.org/|title=Distributed Event-Based Systems |website = DEBS.org}}</ref> * FAccT: Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency * FCRC: Federated Computing Research Conference * FOGA: Foundations of Genetic Algorithms * GECCO: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference * HT: Hypertext: Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia * JCDL: Joint Conference on Digital Libraries<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jcdl.org/ |title=Joint Conference on Digital Library (JCDL)–Home |publisher=JCDL }}</ref> * MobiHoc: International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing * SC: Supercomputing Conference * SIGCOMM: ACM SIGCOMM Conference * SIGCSE: SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education * SIGGRAPH: International Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques * RecSys: ACM Conference on Recommender Systems * TAPIA: Richard Tapia Celebration of Diversity in Computing Conference {{div col end}}

The ACM is a co–presenter and founding partner of the Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) with the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing, Largest Gathering of Women in Computing, Attracts Researchers, Industry|url=http://www.acm.org/press–room/news–releases–2008/hopper–08–preview/|access-date=June 27, 2011}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Some conferences are hosted by ACM student branches; this includes Reflections Projections, which is hosted by UIUC ACM.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acm.illinois.edu/conference|title=ACM@UIUC|date=2017|access-date=January 24, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616215513/https://acm.illinois.edu/conference|archive-date=June 16, 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> In addition, ACM sponsors regional conferences. Regional conferences facilitate increased opportunities for collaboration between nearby institutions and they are well attended.

For additional non-ACM conferences, see this list of computer science conferences.

==Awards== The ACM presents or co–presents a number of awards for technical and professional achievements and contributions in computer science and information technology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/|title=ACM's awards recognize excellence in computer science and information technology.|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/list-of-awards|title=List of ACM Awards|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ACM Awards |url=https://awards.acm.org/ |access-date=February 10, 2021 }}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ACM A. M. Turing Award * ACM – AAAI Allen Newell Award * ACM Athena Lecturer Award * ACM/CSTA Cutler-Bell Prize in High School Computing * ACM Distinguished Service Award * ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award<ref>{{cite web|title=Shun Receives ACM Doctoral Dissertation Award|url=https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/shun-receives-acm-doctoral-dissertation-award|website=School of Computer Science|publisher=Carnegie Mellon University|access-date=7 June 2017}}</ref> * ACM Eugene L. Lawler Award * ACM Fellowship, awarded annually since 1993<ref>{{cite journal | author=Anon | journal=Communications of the ACM |title=ACM Inducts Fellows| publisher=Association for Computing Machinery | volume=59 | issue=2 | year=2016 | pages=24 | doi=10.1145/2856228}}</ref> * ACM Gordon Bell Prize * ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award * ACM – IEEE CS George Michael Memorial HPC Fellowships * ACM – IEEE CS Ken Kennedy Award * ACM – IEEE Eckert–Mauchly Award * ACM India Doctoral Dissertation Award * ACM Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding Educator Award * ACM Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award * ACM Policy Award * ACM Presidential Award * ACM Prize in Computing (formerly: ACM – Infosys Foundation Award in the Computing Sciences) * ACM Programming Systems and Languages Paper Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://awards.acm.org/programming-systems-and-languages-paper |title=ACM Programming Systems and Languages Paper Award |date= |publisher=ACM |access-date=2022-08-17}}</ref> * ACM Student Research Competition * ACM Software System Award * International Science and Engineering Fair * Outstanding Contribution to ACM Award * SIAM/ACM Prize in Computational Science and Engineering {{div col end}} Over 30 of ACM's Special Interest Groups also award individuals for their contributions with a few listed below.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://awards.acm.org/sig-awards|title=Special Interest Group (SIG) Awards|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ACM Alan D. Berenbaum Distinguished Service Award * ACM Maurice Wilkes Award * ISCA Influential Paper Award {{div col end}}

==Leadership== {{main list|List of presidents of the Association for Computing Machinery}}

The President of ACM Yannis Ioannidis, who has served as in the role since 2022. ACM is led by a council consisting of the president, vice-president, treasurer, past president, SIG Governing Board Chair, Publications Board Chair, three representatives of the SIG Governing Board, and seven Members-At-Large. This institution is often referred to simply as "Council" in ''Communications of the ACM''.

==Infrastructure== ACM has numerous boards, committees, and task forces which run the organization:<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM Boards and Committees |url=https://www.acm.org/about-acm/boards-and-committees |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=acm.org |language=en}}</ref>

# ACM Council # ACM Executive Committee # Digital Library Board # Education Board l Practitioner Board l Publications Board SIG Governing BoarDEI Council ACM Technology Policy Council ACM Representatives to Other Organizations Computer Science Teachers Association

==ACM Council on Women in Computing== {{main|ACM Council on Women in Computing}}

ACM-W,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://women.acm.org/|title=Home|work=acm.org}}</ref> the ACM council on women in computing, supports, celebrates, and advocates internationally for the full engagement of women in computing. ACM–W's main programs are regional celebrations of women in computing, ACM-W chapters, and scholarships for women CS students to attend research conferences. In India and Europe these activities are overseen by ACM-W India and ACM-W Europe respectively. ACM-W collaborates with organizations such as the Anita Borg Institute, the National Center for Women & Information Technology (NCWIT), and Committee on the Status of Women in Computing Research (CRA-W). The ACM-W gives an annual Athena Lecturer Award to honor outstanding women researchers who have made fundamental contributions to computer science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://awards.acm.org/athena|title=About ACM Athena Lecturer Award|website=awards.acm.org|language=en|access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> This program began in 2006. Speakers are nominated by SIG officers.<ref>{{cite web | title = ACM-W Athena Lecturers Award Winners | url = https://women.acm.org/ACM-W-Athena-Lectures | publisher = ACM | access-date = 2013-12-01 }}</ref>

==Partner organizations== ACM's primary partner has been the IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS), which is the largest subgroup of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE focuses more on hardware and standardization issues than theoretical computer science, but there is considerable overlap with ACM's agenda. They have many joint activities including conferences, publications and awards.<ref>{{cite web|title=ACM / IEEE-CS Cooperation — Association for Computing Machinery|url=http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101141809/http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop|archive-date=January 1, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> ACM and its SIGs co-sponsor about 20 conferences each year with IEEE-CS and other parts of IEEE.<ref>{{cite web|title=ACM / IEEE-CS Jointly Sponsored Conferences —Association for Computing Machinery|url=http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop/conferences|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101141814/http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop/conferences|archive-date=January 1, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Eckert–Mauchly Award and Ken Kennedy Award, both major awards in computer science, are given jointly by ACM and the IEEE-CS.<ref>{{cite web|title=ACM / IEEE-CS Joint Awards — Association for Computing Machinery|url=http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop/awards|website=acm.org|language=en|access-date=February 22, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406143733/http://www.acm.org/acm-ieeecs-coop/awards|archive-date=April 6, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> They occasionally cooperate on projects like developing computing curricula.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2534860 |title=Computer Science Curricula 2013: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Science|author1 = Joint Task Force on Computing Curricula|author2 = Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)|author3 = IEEE Computer Society|year=2013|publisher=Association for Computing Machinery|isbn=9781450323093|author-link3=IEEE Computer Society}}</ref>

ACM has also jointly sponsored on events with other professional organizations like the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM).<ref>{{cite web|title=SIAM: ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA17)|url=https://www.siam.org/meetings/da17/|website=siam.org}}</ref>

==Criticism== In December 2019, the ACM co-signed a letter with over one hundred other publishers to President Donald Trump saying that an open access mandate would increase costs to taxpayers or researchers and hurt intellectual property. This was in response to rumors that he was considering issuing an executive order that would require federally funded research be made freely available online immediately after being published. It is unclear how these rumors started.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subbaraman |first=Nidhi |date=2019-12-20 |title=Rumours fly about changes to US government open-access policy |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-03926-1 |journal=Nature |language=en |doi=10.1038/d41586-019-03926-1|pmid=33340013 |s2cid=214378269 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Many ACM members opposed the letter, leading ACM to issue a statement clarifying that they remained committed to open access,<ref>{{Cite web |title=ACM Letter to OSTP |url=https://www.acm.org/articles/bulletins/2020/january/acm-letter-to-ostp |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=acm.org |language=en}}</ref> and they wanted to see communication with stakeholders about the potential mandate. The statement did not significantly assuage criticism from ACM members.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Timothy B. |date=2019-12-27 |title=Trump could mandate free access to federally funded research papers |url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/12/publishers-blast-rumored-ban-on-paywalls-for-federally-funded-research/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Ars Technica |language=en-us}}</ref>

==See also== {{div col|colwidth=30em}} * ACM Classification Scheme  * Edmund Berkeley, co-founder * Computer science * Computing  * Timeline of computing hardware before 1950 * List of academic databases and search engines {{div col end}}

==References== {{Reflist|30em}}

==External links== {{Commons category}} *{{Official website}} *{{cite book |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/proceedings/10.1145/1141880 |publisher=Association for Computing Machinery  |language=en |doi=10.1145/1141880 |date=2006 |quote=FREE|last1=Unknown |title=ACM Oral History interviews on |isbn=9781450317719 }} *[http://portal.acm.org/ ACM portal] for publications *[http://portal.acm.org/dl.cfm ACM Digital Library] *[https://purl.umn.edu/51982 Association for Computing Machinery Records, 1947–2009], Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. *[http://upe.acm.org/about.html ACM Upsilon Phi Epsilon]. honor society. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409110208/http://upe.acm.org/about.html |date=April 9, 2018 }}.

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