{{short description|British Army infantry regiment}} {{for|other units with the same regimental number|89th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot |image= |caption= |dates= 1793–1881 |country={{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}} (1793–1800)<br>{{flag|United Kingdom}} (1801–1881) |branch={{army|United Kingdom}} |type= Infantry |role= |size= One battalion (two battalions 1804–1816) |command_structure= |garrison=Gough Barracks, Armagh |equipment= <!-- Commanders --> |current_commander= |ceremonial_chief= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |notable_commanders=Joseph Morrison <!-- Insignia --> |identification_symbol= |identification_symbol_2= <!-- Culture and history --> |nickname= |patron= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles= French Revolutionary Wars<br>Napoleonic Wars<br>War of 1812<br>First Anglo-Burmese War<br>Crimean War<br>Indian Rebellion |anniversaries= |decorations= |battle_honours= }} The '''89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot''' was a regiment of the British Army, raised on 3 December 1793. Under the Childers Reforms the regiment amalgamated with the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers) in 1881.
==History== ===Formation=== [[File:AndrewThomasBlayney.jpg|thumb|left|Lord Blayney who commanded the 2nd Battalion at the Battle of Fuengirola in October 1810]] The regiment was raised in Dublin by Major-General William Crosbie as the '''89th Regiment of Foot''', in response to the threat posed by the French Revolution, on 3 December 1793.<ref name=regt>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/089-793.htm |title=89th (The Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=9 August 2016 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060222065217/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/089-793.htm |archive-date=22 February 2006 }}</ref> The regiment was sent to join the Duke of York's army in the Netherlands in summer 1794 as part of the unsuccessful defence of that country against the Republican French during the Flanders Campaign.<ref name=locations>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/089-1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060211171125/http://www.regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/089-1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 February 2006|title=89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot: Locations|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref> It was posted to Ireland and, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Lord Blayney,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1790-1820/member/blayney-andrew-thomas-1770-1834|title=Blayney, Andrew Thomas, 11th Baron Blayney|publisher=History of Parliament|access-date=12 March 2017}}</ref> it saw action at the Battle of Vinegar Hill in June 1798 during the rebellion.<ref name=locations/> The regiment became known for its perseverance in hunting down Irish rebels earning the nickname "Blayney's Bloodhounds".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.proni.gov.uk/records/private/blayney.htm |title=The Blayney of Castleblayney Papers - Public Record Office of Northern Ireland |publisher=proni.gov.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080103074646/http://www.proni.gov.uk/records/private/blayney.htm |archive-date=3 January 2008}}</ref> It was posted to Malta in 1800 and arrived in Egypt in March 1801 for service in the Egyptian Campaign.<ref name=locations/> It saw action at the Battle of Alexandria later that month at the Siege of Cairo in April 1801.<ref name=locations/>
===Napoleonic Wars=== [[File:Bitwa pod Fuengirolą3.jpg|thumb|The Battle of Fuengirola, where men from the 2nd Battalion undertook a bayonet charge, in October 1810]] A second battalion was raised in Ireland in August 1804.<ref name=regt/> The 1st Battalion embarked for the Hanover Expedition in December 1805 but lost its colours in a storm off Holland.<ref name=locations/> After service in Germany the battalion returned to England in February 1806.<ref name=locations/> The battalion sailed for South America in spring 1807 and took part in the disastrous expedition under Sir Home Popham.<ref name=locations/> It sailed for the Cape of Good Hope later that year and then transferred to Ceylon in 1808.<ref name=locations/> It took part in the Invasion of Isle de France in November 1810, the Invasion of Java in August 1811 and the invasion of Sumatra in March 1812.<ref name=locations/> It transferred to Madras in India in 1815 and re-absorbed the 2nd Battalion in November 1816.<ref name=locations/>
Meanwhile, four companies from the 2nd Battalion embarked for Cádiz in October 1810 for service in the Peninsular War.<ref name=locations/> Under the command of Lord Blayney, the four companies of the 2nd battalion took part in a bayonet charge at the Battle of Fuengirola in October 1810.<ref name=narrative>{{cite web|url=http://www.mazowski.se/fuengirola1810/blayney_en.html|title=Narrative of a Forced Journey through Spain and France as a Prisoner of War in the Years 1810 to 1814|first=Major-General Lord|last=Blayney|publisher=London|year=1814|access-date=2017-03-12|archive-date=2015-01-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122121151/http://www.mazowski.se/fuengirola1810/blayney_en.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> After defeat in the battle Lord Blayney and most of his troops were held as prisoners of war for the next four years.<ref name=narrative/>
[[File:Memorial, Battle of Crysler's Farm, engraving.jpg|thumb|right|Monument commemorating the Battle of Crysler's Farm in November 1813]] One company from the battalion embarked for North America in summer 1812 for service in the War of 1812.<ref name=narrative/> It saw action at the Raid on Black Rock in July 1813 and the Battle of Crysler's Farm November 1813.<ref name=locations/> At Crysler's Farm the men of the 2nd Battalion, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Joseph Morrison, rose up out of concealment and opened fire on the attacking American Forces. The Americans dived behind tree stumps and bushes to return fire, and their attack lost all order and momentum. As ammunition ran short, they began to retreat out of line.<ref>Zaslow, p. 76</ref> The battalion went on to fight at the Battle of Buffalo in December 1813.<ref name=locations/> At Buffalo, the men of the 2nd Battalion scored an early success when they drove off the American piquet at Conjunckaty Creek and captured the bridge and the battery there.<ref>Quimby, p. 359</ref>
The men of the 2nd Battalion also fought at the Battle of Longwoods in March 1814.<ref name=locations/> They were less successful at Longwoods: Captain James Basden of the 2nd Battalion led a charge against the American position. As the British troops advanced towards a bridge, bunched into a column by the narrow road, the Americans poured a withering fire into them, mowing down the leading troops.<ref>Zaslow, p. 138</ref> After the British troops had crossed the bridge, Basden was wounded in the leg, and his men fell back into a ravine where the Americans fired on them from a height and inflicted heavy casualties.<ref>Zaslow, p. 139</ref> The men from the 2nd Battalion also saw action at the Battle of Lundy's Lane in July 1814 and the Siege of Fort Erie in August 1814 before embarking for home in June 1815.<ref name=locations/>
===The Victorian era=== The regiment, still in India, fought the Pindaris in 1817 and was deployed to Burma in 1824 for service in the First Anglo-Burmese War: it formed part of an army which advanced up the River Irrawaddy to the Kingdom of Ava.<ref name=locations/> It returned to India arriving in Madras in 1826 and to England in 1831.<ref name=locations/> It embarked for the West Indies in 1835 and went on to Canada before returning home in 1847.<ref name=locations/> It sailed for Gibraltar in 1854 and then saw action at the Siege of Sevastopol in winter 1854 during the Crimean War.<ref name=locations/> It transferred to the Cape Colony in 1855 to protect British interests there while the cattle-killing movement was at its height before embarking for India in 1857 to help suppress the Indian Rebellion.<ref name=locations/> It returned home in August 1865 and became the '''89th (The Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot''' in May 1866.<ref name=regt/> It returned to India in 1870 and was deployed to Rangoon in Burma in 1876 before going back to India in 1880.<ref name=locations/>
As part of the Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 89th was linked with the 94th Regiment of Foot and assigned to district no. 65 at Gough Barracks in Armagh.<ref name=training>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2006|title=Training Depots|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot to form the Princess Victoria's (Royal Irish Fusiliers).<ref name=regt/>
==Battle honours== Battle honours won by the regiment were:<ref name=regt/> *''Napoleonic Wars'': Egypt (Sphinx superscribed "Egypt"), Java *''American war of 1812'': Niagara *''Anglo-Burmese Wars'': Ava *''Crimean War'': Sevastopol
==Colonels of the Regiment== Colonels of the Regiment were:<ref name= regt/>
=== 89th Regiment of Foot=== *1793–1795: Maj-Gen. William Crosbie *1795–1797: Lt-Gen. Andrew Gordon *1797: Lt-Gen Henry Bowyer *1797–1801: Gen. Alexander Ross *1801–1802: Gen. James Ogilvie *1802–1806: Gen. Sir Eyre Coote, GCB, KC *1806–1808: Lt-Gen. John Whitelocke *1808–1818: Gen. Albemarle Bertie, 9th Earl of Lindsey *1818–1823: Gen. Sir George Beckwith, GCB *1823–1837: Gen. Sir Robert Henry MacFarlane, KCB, GCH *1837–1857: Gen. Sir Charles Bulkeley Egerton, GCMG, KCH *1857���1864: Gen. Charles George James Arbuthnot *1864–1870: Gen. Charles Gascoyne
===89th (The Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot- (1866)=== *1870–1874: Lt-Gen. Sir John Garvock, GCB *1874: Maj-Gen. Caledon Richard Egerton *1874–77: Lt-Gen. Lord Henry Hugh Manvers Percy, VC, KCB *1878-1880: General Sir Henry de Bathe, 4th Baronet *1880: General John Arthur Lambert
==References== {{Reflist|30em}}
==Sources== *{{cite book|last=Quimby |first=Robert S. |title=The U.S. Army in the War of 1812: An Operational and Command Study |year=1997 |publisher=Michigan State University Press |location=East Lansing, Michigan |isbn=0-87013-441-8 }} *{{cite book|last=Zaslow|first=Morris|title=The Defended Border: Upper Canada and the War of 1812|publisher=Macmillan of Canada|year=1964|isbn=978-0770512422|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/trent_0116300872201}}
==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Brinckman|first=Rowland|title=Historical record of the Eighty-Ninth Princess Victoria's Regiment|publisher=Chatham: Gale & Polden|year=1888}}
==External links== * [http://www.warof1812.ca/image/crysler_farm.gif The War of 1812 Website Animated Battles]
{{Royal Irish Regiment}} {{Regiments of Foot}} Category:Royal Irish Fusiliers Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army Category:Irish regiments of the British Army Category:Military units and formations established in 1793 Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881 Category:Defunct Irish regiments of the British Army Category:British military units and formations of the Napoleonic Wars Category:1881 disestablishments in the United Kingdom Category:Military units and formations of the United Kingdom in the Peninsular War Category:1793 establishments in the British Empire Category:British military units and formations of the War of 1812