94th Regiment of Foot

{{for|other units with the same regimental number|94th Regiment of Foot (disambiguation)}} {{Infobox military unit |unit_name= 94th Regiment of Foot |image=94th Regiment of Foot badge.jpg |caption=Badge of the 94th Regiment of Foot |dates= 1794–1818 1823–1881 |country=[[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] (1794–1800) [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] (1801–1881) |branch=[[British Army]] |type=[[Line infantry]] |role=[[Infantry]] |size=One battalion |garrison=[[Gough Barracks]], [[Armagh]] |ceremonial_chief= |ceremonial_chief_label= |colonel_of_the_regiment= |nickname= |motto= |colors= |march= |mascot= |battles= [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]] [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] [[Napoleonic Wars]] [[Mappila riots]] [[Anglo-Zulu War]] [[Basuto Gun War]] [[First Boer War]] |notable_commanders= |anniversaries= }}

The '''94th Regiment of Foot''' was a [[line infantry]] regiment of the [[British Army]]. Raised as the '''Scotch Brigade''' in October 1794, it was renumbered as the 94th Regiment of Foot in December 1802 and disbanded in December 1818. The regiment was reformed in December 1823 and served until 1881 when it amalgamated with the [[88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)|88th Regiment of Foot]] to form the [[Connaught Rangers]].

==History== [[File:General Francis Dundas.jpg|thumb|left|upright|General [[Francis Dundas]], first colonel of the regiment]]

===Formation=== The regiment was raised, from officers who had previously served in the [[Scots Brigade]], by General [[Francis Dundas]] as the '''Scotch Brigade''' on 9 October 1794.<ref name=record246>Historical record, p. 246</ref><ref name=regt>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/094-823.htm |title=94th Regiment of Foot |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=14 August 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620071725/http://regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/094-823.htm |archive-date=20 June 2006 }}</ref> The regiment embarked for [[Gibraltar]] in November 1795<ref name=record248>Historical record, p. 248</ref> and then moved on to [[South Africa]] in 1796<ref name=record248/> before transferring to India in late 1798.<ref name=record248/> The regiment landed at [[Chennai|Madras]] in January 1799<ref name=record248/> and saw action at the [[Battle of Mallavelly]] in March 1799<ref name=record249>Historical record, p. 249</ref> and the [[Siege of Seringapatam (1799)|siege of Seringapatam]] in April 1799 during the [[Fourth Anglo-Mysore War]].<ref name=record251>Historical record, p. 251</ref> It was renumbered as the '''94th Regiment of Foot''' in December 1802.<ref name=regt/> It also took part in the [[Battle of Argaon]] in November 1803<ref name=record251/> and the [[Capture of Gawilghur]] in December 1803 during the [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]].<ref name=record252>Historical record, p. 252</ref> At Gawilghur, Captain Campbell led the light company of the regiment up the assault ladders and over the walls of the fort, which had previously been considered impregnable, and then let the rest of the British force in through the main gate.<ref name=record252/> The regiment embarked for home in October 1807.<ref name=record253>Historical record, p. 253</ref>

===Napoleonic Wars=== The regiment sailed for [[Jersey]] in April 1809 and was then embarked for [[Portugal]] in August 1809 for service in the [[Peninsular War]].<ref name=record253/> It landed in [[Lisbon]] in February 1810 and arrived to take part in the [[Siege of Cádiz|defence of Fort Matagorda]] a few days later.<ref name=record254>Historical record, p. 254</ref> Captain [[Archibald Maclaine (British Army officer)|Archibald Maclaine]] led a detachment of 155 men who held back Marshal [[Soult]] with a force of 8.000 men. Maclaine was knighted for this exploit and promoted to Major.<ref name="Sinclair">{{cite book |last1=Sinclair |first1=Alexander Maclean |title=The Clan Gillean |date=1899 |publisher=Haszard and Moore |location=Charlottetown |page=275 |url=https://archive.org/stream/clangilleanwithp00sinc#page/274/mode/2up}}</ref> The regiment then saw action at the [[Battle of Sabugal]] in April 1811,<ref name=locations>{{cite web|url=http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/094-1.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616064958/http://regiments.org/deploy/uk/reg-inf/094-1.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 June 2006|title=94th Regiment of Foot: Locations|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref> the [[Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro]] in May 1811<ref name=locations/> and the [[Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)|siege of Ciudad Rodrigo]] in January 1812.<ref name=locations/> After that it fought at the [[Siege of Badajoz (1812)|siege of Badajoz]] in March 1812,<ref name=locations/> the [[Battle of Salamanca]] in July 1812<ref name=locations/> and the [[siege of Burgos]] in September 1812<ref name=locations/> as well as the [[Battle of Vitoria]] in June 1813.<ref name=record563>Historical record, p. 563</ref> It then pursued the French Army into France and fought at the [[Battle of Nivelle]] in November 1813,<ref name=record565>Historical record, p. 565</ref> the [[Battle of the Nive]] in December 1813<ref name=record566>Historical record, p. 566</ref> and the [[Battle of Orthez]] in February 1814<ref name=record567>Historical record, p. 567</ref> as well as the [[Battle of Toulouse (1814)|Battle of Toulouse]] in April 1814.<ref name=record567/> It embarked for [[Cork (city)|Cork]] in May 1814 and was disbanded in [[Dublin]] in December 1818.<ref name=record569>Historical record, p. 569</ref>

===The Victorian era=== [[File:Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Bradford.jpg|thumb|Lieutenant General [[Thomas Bradford|Sir Thomas Bradford]] depicted in uniform as colonel of the regiment circa 1825]] The regiment was reformed in [[Glasgow]] (and subsequently confirmed as the successor of the predecessor formation with full continuity of battle honours),{{efn|Confirmation was issued by the [[War Office]] in 1875}} in response to the threat posed by the [[Congress of Verona|French intervention in Spain]], in December 1823.<ref name=napoleon>{{cite web|url=http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Britain/Strength/c_modernregiments4.html|title= Where Have All the Regiments Gone? The Modern Descendants of the Regiments of the 1815 British Army: 61st to 104th Foot|first=Donald E. |last=Graves|publisher=Napoleon Series|access-date=18 March 2017}}</ref> Of the initial appointments, two of the officers had previous service in the 94th Regiment of Foot (Major Allan and Captain Bogle).<ref name=record569/> The regiment was posted to Gibraltar in April 1824<ref name=record570>Historical record, p. 570</ref> and it was presented with its new [[Colours, standards and guidons|regimental colours]] in April 1825<ref name=record570/> before being sent to [[Malta]] in March 1832.<ref name=record570/> It returned to Ireland in November 1834.<ref name=record571>Historical record, p. 571</ref>

The regiment was posted to [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]] in October 1838,<ref name=record571/> then moved to [[Kannur|Cannanore]] in April 1839<ref name=record571/> and served in the [[Madras Presidency]] for fifteen years during which time it saw some action suppressing the [[Mappila riots]] in summer 1849.<ref name=record573>Historical record, p. 573</ref> The regiment embarked for England in March 1854.<ref name=record575>Historical record, p. 575</ref>

[[File:William Plummer gaskell. digital picture.JPG|thumb|William Plummer Gaskell, an ensign in the regiment in 1854]] Some volunteers departed for service in the [[Crimean War]] in November 1854<ref name=record576>Historical record, p. 576</ref> and the service companies left for Gibraltar in September 1855.<ref name=record576/> The main body of the regiment embarked for [[Karachi]] in November 1857<ref name=record577>Historical record, p. 577</ref> and then transferred to [[Peshawar]] in the [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|North-West Frontier]] region in October 1858.<ref name=record577/> The regiment embarked for home again in January 1868.<ref name=record580>Historical record, p. 580</ref>

The regiment embarked for South Africa in spring 1879 and saw action at the [[Battle of Ulundi]] in July 1879 during the [[Anglo-Zulu War]].<ref name=locations/> The regiment marched into the [[South African Republic|Transvaal]] and took part in the successful attack on [[Sekukuni]]'s stronghold on 28 November 1879 during the [[Second Sekhukhune War]].<ref name=locations/> Two [[Victoria Cross]]es were awarded to members of the regiment for their conduct during this action.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=24814 |date=24 February 1880 |page=832}}</ref>

The regiment remained in South Africa with its eight companies widely distributed throughout the Transvaal, garrisons being established in [[Pretoria]] (E and G companies), [[Lydenburg]] (A and F companies), [[Wakkerstroom]] (C company), [[Marabastad, Pretoria|Marabastad]] (B company), [[Standerton]] (H company) and [[Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal|Newcastle]] in northern Natal (D company). It was during the re-concentration of the companies, in response to outbreaks of civil disorder by the Boers, that A and F companies were attacked at [[Battle of Bronkhorstspruit]] in December 1880 in the opening clash of the [[First Boer War]]: the two companies saw 156 of their soldiers killed or wounded, with the rest taken prisoner.<ref>Castle (2005), p. 27</ref> The other six companies of the regiment spent the war being besieged by the Boers: C, D and H in Standerton, E and G in Pretoria, B in Marabastad, and a small detachment of 50 men in Lydenburg.<ref>{{citation|title=An Imperial Progress - The 94th Regiment in Zululand|first=Ian |last=Castle|work=The Journal of the Anglo Zulu War Historical Society|date=December 2001}}</ref>

As part of the [[Cardwell Reforms]] of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 94th was linked with the [[89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot]] and assigned to district no. 65 at [[Gough Barracks]] in [[Armagh]].<ref name=training>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060210172841/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/depot/1873.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=10 February 2006|title=Training Depots|publisher=Regiments.org|access-date=16 October 2016}}</ref> On 1 July 1881 the [[Childers Reforms]] came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the [[88th Regiment of Foot (Connaught Rangers)|88th Regiment of Foot]] to form the [[Connaught Rangers]].<ref name=regt/>

==Battle honours== Battle honours won by the regiment were:<ref name=regt/>

==Victoria Crosses== *Private [[Francis Fitzpatrick (VC)|Francis Fitzpatrick]] - The Assault on King Sekhukhune’s Stronghold, 28 November 1879<ref name=vc>{{London Gazette |issue=24814 |date=24 February 1880 |page=832}}</ref> *Private [[Thomas Flawn]] - The Assault on King Sekhukhune’s Stronghold, 28 November 1879<ref name=vc/>

==Colonels of the Regiment== Colonels of the Regiment were:<ref name= regt/>

;Scotch Brigade *1794–1809: Gen. [[Francis Dundas]]

;94th Regiment of Foot *1809–1815: Gen. Sir [[Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill]], GCB, GCH, KC *1815–1818: ? * ''Regiment disbanded in 1818''

;94th Regiment of Foot * ''Regiment reformed in 1823'' *1823–1829: Gen. Sir [[Thomas Bradford]], GCB, GCH *1829–1831: Lt-Gen. Sir [[John Keane, 1st Baron Keane]], GCB, GCH *1831–1834: Maj-Gen. [[James Campbell (governor)|Sir James Campbell]], KCB, KCH *1834–1838: F.M. Sir [[John Colborne, 1st Baron Seaton]], GCB, GCMG, GCH *1838–1847: Gen. [[Sir Thomas McMahon, 2nd Baronet|Sir Thomas McMahon, Bt.]], GCB *1847–1853: Lt-Gen. Sir [[William Warre]], CB *1853–1854: Maj-Gen. William Staveley, CB *1854: Lt-Gen. Henry Thomas, CB *1854–1855: Lt-Gen. Hon. Henry Edward Butler *1855–1866: Gen. George Powell Higginson *1866–1872: Gen. Sir Edward Walter Forestier-Walker, KCB *1872–1879: Gen. Henry Jervis *1879: Gen. [[Richard Curzon-Howe, 3rd Earl Howe|Richard William Penn Curzon-Howe, 3rd Earl Howe]], GCVO, CB *1879–1881: Gen. Sir John Thornton Grant, KCB

==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist|30em}}

==Sources== *{{cite book|first=Ian |last=Castle|title=Majuba 1881: The Hill of Destiny|year=2005|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0275986414}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA243 |title="Historical Record of the Services of the Ninety-Fourth Regiment" in ''Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal 1868 Part 3''|publisher=Hurst and Blackett|year=1868|pages=243–257}} *{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TNgRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA562|title="Historical Record of the Services of the Ninety-Fourth Regiment" in ''Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal 1868 Part 3''|publisher=Hurst and Blackett|year=1868|pages=562–582}}

==Further reading== *{{cite book|last=Jourdain |first=Lieutenant-Colonel H.F.N. |title=The Connaught Rangers - 2nd Battalion, Formerly 94th Foot |publisher=London|year=1926|url=http://wiki.fibis.org/index.php/94th_Regiment_of_Foot}} *{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Henry Stooks|title=Alphabetical list of the officers of the ninety-fourth regiment "Scotch Brigade" from 1800–1869|publisher=Longmans, Green, Reader and Dyer|year=1869|url=https://archive.org/details/analphabeticall02smitgoog}}

[[Category:Infantry regiments of the British Army]] [[Category:Connaught Rangers]] [[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1881]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1794]] [[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1818]] [[Category:Military units and formations established in 1823]]