{{short description|Racial expression}} {{pp-protected|reason=RFPP request: persistent disruptive editing. Long-term drama magnet, productive non-confirmed edits are lacking.|small=yes}} [[File:White Pride World Wide - Stormfront hate symbol.svg|thumb|A picture of the slogan "White Pride World Wide" with Celtic cross. It is commonly used by white nationalists.]]
'''White pride''' is an expression primarily used by white nationalist, neo-Nazi, and white supremacist organizations in order to signal racist or racialist viewpoints.<ref>{{cite book|last=Van McVey|first=Sarah|title=Race, Gender, and the Contemporary White Supremacy Movement: The Intersection of "isms" and Organized Racist Groups|year=2008}}</ref><ref name="Gabriel2002">{{cite book|author=Gabriel, John|title=Whitewash: Racialized Politics and the Media|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80CEAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA5|date=4 January 2002|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-75016-0|pages=5–}}</ref> It is also a slogan used by the prominent post–Ku Klux Klan group Stormfront and a term used to make racist/racialist viewpoints more palatable to the general public who may associate historical abuses with the terms ''white nationalist'', ''neo-Nazi'', and ''white supremacist''. It is often used alongside the related term white power.
== Provenance == In the 1980s, the phrase was used by members of the white supremacist group the Order.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Flynn |first1=Kevin |title=The Silent Brotherhood: Inside America's Racist Underground |title-link=The Silent Brotherhood (book) |last2=Gerhardt |first2=Gary |publisher=The Free Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-02-910312-8 |location=New York |page=92}}</ref> The Ku Klux Klan held a "White Pride" rally in 1986 in Marquette Park, led by Thom Robb. The incident led to major local conflict.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coates |first=James |title=Armed and Dangerous: The Rise of the Survivalist Right |publisher=Hill and Wang |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-8090-2742-2 |location=New York |page=99 |language=en}}</ref> By 1987, the Aryan Nations were selling "White Pride World Wide" merchandise.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Oakley |first=Andy |title=88: An Undercover News Reporter's Expose of American Nazis and the Ku Klux Klan |publisher=P.O. Publishing Company |year=1987 |isbn=978-0-944146-00-2 |location=Skokie |page=151 |language=en}}</ref>[[Image:Aryan Guard 05.jpg|thumb|upright|Aryan Guard members protest against an anti-racism rally in Calgary on March 21, 2009, with one of them carrying a "White Pride Worldwide" flag.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.thestar.com/News/Canada/article/606290 | newspaper=The Star |location=Toronto| author=Staff | title=Neo-Nazi group and anti-racism protesters clash in Calgary | date=March 21, 2009}}</ref>]] In 2001, sociologists Betty A. Dobratz and Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile identified "White Power! White Pride!" as "a much-used chant of white separatist movement supporters",<ref>{{citation | last1=Dobratz| first1=Betty A. |last2=Shanks-Meile |first2= Stephanie L.| title=The White Separatist Movement in the United States: White Power, White Pride | place=Baltimore| publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press | year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8018-6537-4|page=vii}}</ref> and sociologist Mitch Berbrier has identified the use of this phrase as part of a "new racist ... frame-transformation and frame-alignment by (a) consciously packaging a 'hate-free' racism, (b) developing strategies of equivalence and reversal–presenting whites as equivalent to ethnic and racial minorities, and (c) deploying ideas about 'love,' 'pride,' and 'heritage-preservation' to evidence both their putative lack of animosity toward others as well as their ethnic credentials."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Berbrier |first1=Mitch |title='Half the Battle': Cultural Resonance, Framing Processes, and Ethnic Affectations in Contemporary White Separatist Rhetoric |journal=Social Problems |date=November 1998 |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=431–450 |doi=10.2307/3097206 |jstor=3097206 }}</ref> In a social psychology experiment that tested how white participants could be influenced to identify with white pride ideology, social psychologists framed white pride as follows:<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Greenberg |first1=Jeff |last2=Schimel |first2=Jeff |last3=Martens |first3=Andy |last4=Solomon |first4=Sheldon |last5=Pyszcznyski |first5=Tom |title=Sympathy for the Devil: Evidence That Reminding Whites of Their Mortality Promotes More Favorable Reactions to White Racists |journal=Motivation and Emotion |date=2001 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=113–133 |doi=10.1023/A:1010613909207 |s2cid=146201804 }}</ref>
{{quote|text=[P]eople who openly express White pride seem invariably to be those alienated from the mainstream culture—KKK members, skin-heads, and White supremacists—people trying to grab onto some basis for feeling good about themselves when conventional avenues such as successful careers and relationships are not working well for them. Consequently, the vast majority of people who avow White pride seem also to explicitly avow racism.}}
Sociologists Monica McDermott and Frank L. Samson documented the rhetorical evolution of white pride movements thus, "Because white pride has historically been predicated upon a denigration of nonwhites, the articulation of the duties and requirements of whiteness reflects a desire to correlate a conscious white identity with positive attributes."<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=McDermott|first1=Monica|last2=Samson|first2=Frank L.|date=2005-01-01|title=White Racial and Ethnic Identity in the United States|jstor=29737719|journal=Annual Review of Sociology|volume=31|pages=245–261|doi=10.1146/annurev.soc.31.041304.122322}}</ref>
== Use as an identity marker == Political and social scientists commonly argue that the idea of "white pride" is an attempt to provide a clean or more palatable public face for white supremacy or white separatism and that it is an appeal to a larger audience in hopes of inciting more widespread racial violence.<ref>{{Citation |title=The New White Nationalism in America: Its Challenge to Integration |last=Swain |first=Carol M. |year=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-521-80886-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/newwhitenational0000swai/page/16 16] |url=https://archive.org/details/newwhitenational0000swai/page/16 }}</ref> According to Joseph T. Roy of the Southern Poverty Law Center, white supremacists often circulate material on the internet and elsewhere that "portrays the groups not as haters, but as simple white pride civic groups concerned with social ills".<ref>{{citation |url= http://judiciary.senate.gov/oldsite/91499jtr.htm |title=Statement of Joseph T. Roy, Sr. before the Senate Judiciary Committee |access-date=2015-01-21 |last=Roy |first=Joseph T.|date=September 14, 1999 |publisher=U.S. Senate Committee on The Judiciary |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080520230025/http://judiciary.senate.gov/oldsite/91499jtr.htm <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-05-20}}</ref>
Philosopher David Ingram argues that "affirming 'black pride' is not equivalent to affirming 'white pride,' since the former—unlike the latter—is a defensive strategy aimed at rectifying a negative stereotype". By contrast, then, "affirmations of white pride—however thinly cloaked as affirmations of ethnic pride—serve to mask and perpetuate white privilege".<ref>*{{citation |title=Rights, Democracy, and Fulfillment in the Era of Identity Politics: Principled Compromises in a Compromised World |last=Ingram |first=David |year=2004 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |place= Lanham, MD|isbn=978-0-7425-3348-6 |page=55}}</ref> In the same vein, Professor of Education at University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Cris Mayo, characterizes white pride as "a politically distasteful goal, given that whiteness is not a personal or community identity, but has been a strategy to maintain inequities of privilege and power."<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mayo |first1=Cris |title=Certain Privilege: Rethinking White Agency |journal=Philosophy of Education |date=2004 |volume=60 |pages=308–316 |doi=10.47925/2004.308 |s2cid=143308655 |doi-access=free }}</ref>thumb|250px|Anti-fascists with banner reading "good night white pride"
Political scientists Carol M. Swain and Russell Nieli, in their text on white nationalism, identify the idea of "white pride" as a relatively new phenomenon in the United States. They argue that over the course of the 1990s, "a new white pride, white protest, and white consciousness movement has developed in America". They identify three contributing factors: an immigrant influx during the 1980s and 1990s, resentment over affirmative action policies, and the growth of the Internet as a tool for the expression and mobilization of grievances.<ref name="swain5">*{{citation|last1=Swain|first1=Carol M.|last2=Nieli|first2=Russell|title=Contemporary Voices of White Nationalism in America|place=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2003|isbn=978-0-521-01693-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/contemporaryvoic00swai/page/5 5]|url=https://archive.org/details/contemporaryvoic00swai/page/5}}.</ref> According to Janet E. Helms, founding director of Boston College's Institute for the Study and Promotion of Race and Culture, a white person "must become aware of his or her Whiteness, accept it as personally and socially significant ... Not in the sense of Klan members' 'white pride' but in the context of a commitment to a just society."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tatum |first1=Beverly Daniel |title=Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?: And Other Conversations About Race |date=2017 |publisher=Basic Books |isbn=978-1-5416-1658-5 |page=94 }}</ref>
Sociologist Luigi Esposito of Barry University writes that "the emphasis on white pride or white identity resonates with supporters of the alt-right because racial tribalism is regarded as an antidote to the neoliberal emphasis on competitive individualism and self-serving behavior that presumably threatens the interests of whites."<ref name="neoliberalism">{{cite journal |last1=Esposito |first1=Luigi |title=The Alt-Right as a Revolt against Neoliberalism and Political Correctness: the Role of Collective Action Frames |journal=Perspectives on Global Development and Technology |date=18 January 2019 |volume=18 |issue=1–2 |pages=93–110 |doi=10.1163/15691497-12341507 |s2cid=159077076 }}</ref>
== Racist context ==
The slogan "White Pride Worldwide" appears on the logo of Stormfront, a website owned and operated by Don Black, who was formerly a Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.<ref>{{citation|last=Faulk |first=Kent |newspaper=The Birmingham News |date=1997|title=White Supremacist Spreads Views over the Internet}}.</ref> The North Georgia White Knights of the Ku Klux Klan describe themselves as "a patriotic, White Christian revival movement dedicated to preserving the maintenance of White Pride and the rights of the White Race".<ref>{{citation |title=Waves of Rancor: Tuning in the Radical Right |last1=Hilliard |first1=Robert L. |last2=Keith |first2=Michael C. |year=1999 |publisher=M.E. Sharpe |place=Amonk, NY |isbn=978-0-7656-0131-5 |page=62}}</ref> A 2002 study identified white pride as a motivation for racial hate crimes on a US college campus,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Ronald L. |last2=Heckman |first2=Susan M. |title=Perceptions of White Identity and White Liability: An Analysis of White Student Responses to a College Campus Racial Hate Crime |journal=Journal of Communication |date=1 June 2002 |volume=52 |issue=2 |pages=434–450 |doi=10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02554.x }}</ref> while in a different study on internet racism, the slogan was identified as being part of an emerging transnationalist trend in white supremacist movements.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Back|first1=Les|last2=Keith|first2=Michael|last3=Solomos|first3=John|chapter=Racism on the Internet: Mapping Neo-Fascist Subcultures in Cyberspace|editor-last1=Kaplan|editor-first1=Jeffrey|editor-last2=Bjørgo|editor-first2=Tore|title=Nation and race : the developing Euro-American racist subculture|date=1998|publisher=Northeastern Univ. Press|location=Boston|isbn=978-1-55553-332-8}}</ref> The slogan was also documented to have been used in hate speech incidents at New York University,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2016/11/22/nyu-jewish-gay-community-shaken-but-strong-after-finding-swastika-sticky-notes-in-dorm-campus-rep-says/|title=NYU's Jewish, Gay Communities Shaken But 'Strong' After Finding Swastika Sticky Notes in Dorm, Campus Rep Says|website=Algemeiner.com|access-date=2017-04-07}}</ref> Vassar College,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://miscellanynews.org/2017/03/29/news/hate-speech-continues-to-impact-vassar-united-states/|title=Hate speech continues to impact Vassar, United States – The Miscellany News|date=29 March 2017 |access-date=2017-04-06}}</ref> Temple University,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thecollegefix.com/post/31872/|title=Temple U. pulls out the stops to find culprit behind 'hateful' white pride stickers - The College Fix|date=2017-03-28|work=The College Fix|access-date=2017-04-06|language=en-US}}</ref> the University of Oregon,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/white-pride-chalk-graffiti-spotted-on-campus/article_9aca16f3-4c10-53be-8231-806fc1484514.html|title='White Pride' chalk graffiti spotted on campus|last=Tobin|first=Michael|website=Daily Emerald|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10|archive-date=2019-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810102641/https://www.dailyemerald.com/news/white-pride-chalk-graffiti-spotted-on-campus/article_9aca16f3-4c10-53be-8231-806fc1484514.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the University of Tennessee,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/education/2017/12/15/university-tennessee-deletes-tweet-responding-hate-speech-rock/955755001/|title=University of Tennessee deletes tweet responding to hate speech on the Rock|last=Ohm|first=Rachel|newspaper=Knoxville News Sentinel|language=en|access-date=2019-08-10}}</ref> and it was a slogan used in posters put up by white supremacist organization Identity Evropa at dozens of US colleges.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thetab.com/us/2017/02/15/nathan-damigo-identity-evropa-60697|title=Meet the neo-Nazi coming to put up white pride posters on your campus|date=2017-02-15|work=The Tab US|access-date=2017-04-06|language=en-US}}</ref>
Certain Denver Nuggets jerseys were named "white pride" by Adidas and were listed as such on the team's website in 2016, after which internet outcry prompted the team to rename the jerseys.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://detroit.cbslocal.com/2016/10/21/return-of-denver-nuggets-white-pride-uniforms-causes-a-stir-photos/|title=Return Of Denver Nuggets' 'White Pride' Uniforms Causes A Stir [PHOTOS]|access-date=2017-04-06|date=2016-10-21}}{{clarify |date=June 2018 |reason=No mention of race in article }}</ref> Similarly, a fitness room in River Falls, Wisconsin was renamed to avoid the racist connotations of it being referred to as the "White Pride Fitness Room".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Paulsen |first1=David |title='White Pride Fitness' uproar prompts school to change name |url=https://archive.jsonline.com/newswatch/367405831.html |work=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel |date=2 February 2016 }}</ref> The slogan was chanted along with "White Power" by up to 100 neo-Nazis rallying in Manchester, United Kingdom in March 2015<ref>{{cite news|last1=O'Leary|first1=Abigail|title=Arrests at White Pride rally in Manchester city centre's Piccadilly Gardens|url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/arrests-white-pride-rally-manchester-8939646|access-date=4 September 2015|newspaper=Manchester Evening News|publisher=MEN Media|date=28 March 2015}}</ref> and was the theme of a March 2016 event in Swansea<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/hundreds-turn-out-protest-national-11099229|title=Hundreds protest against Swansea White Pride rally|last=McCarthy|first=James|date=2016-03-26|access-date=2016-09-03}}</ref> and a March 2017 event in Edinburgh,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/neo-nazis-national-front-white-pride-day-alt-right-scotland-edinburgh-unite-a7636611.html|title='Neo-Nazis' plan White Pride march on same day as Sikh religious festival|date=2017-03-18|work=The Independent|access-date=2017-04-06|language=en-GB}}</ref> all of which were organized by the National Front. In an exposé from ''The Week'', James Poulos warned that "Europe is on track to rediscover what looks to us like a highly unsettling form of white pride."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Poulos|first1=James|title=Europe's shocking and unsettling future: White pride|url=http://theweek.com/articles/548920/europes-shocking-unsettling-future-white-pride|access-date=4 September 2015|work=The Week|publisher=Michael Wolfe|date=13 April 2015}}</ref>
==See also== * Fourteen Words * RaHoWa * "It's okay to be white", an alt-right slogan * White genocide conspiracy theory
==References== {{reflist}}
{{European Americans}} {{White people}} {{White nationalism}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:White Pride}} Category:European-American culture Category:Identity politics Category:Neo-Nazism Category:Politics and race Category:Pride Category:White supremacy Category:Slogans