Mactridae

{{Short description|Family of bivalves}} {{Automatic taxobox | taxon = Mactridae | fossil_range = Cretaceous to Present | image = Spisula solida.jpg | image_caption = Shell of ''Spisula solida'' | authority = Lamarck, 1809 | display_parents = 2 | subdivision_ranks = Genera | subdivision = See text. }}

'''Mactridae''', common name the '''trough shells''' or '''duck clams''', is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.

==Description== These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded-cornered equilateral triangle and there is a slight gape at the posterior. Each valve bears two cardinal teeth with four lateral teeth on the right valve and two on the left. The foot is white and wedge-shaped. They mostly inhabit the neritic zone.<ref name="collins" />

==Ecology== Trough shells burrow in sand or fine gravel and never in muddy substrates.<ref name="collins" />

According to the World Register of Marine Species (2025), this family contains 56 genera and is split into the following subfamilies:<ref name=WoRMS_230 />

===Subfamily Darininae=== * {{†}}''Darcinia'' Clark, 1946 * ''Darina'' J. E. Gray, 1853

===Subfamily Lutrariinae=== * ''Eastonia'' J. E. Gray, 1853 * ''Heterocardia'' Deshayes, 1855 * ''Lutraria'' Lamarck, 1799 * ''Meropesta'' Iredale, 1929 * ''Standella'' J. E. Gray, 1853 * ''Tresus'' J. E. Gray, 1853<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Zenatia'' J. E. Gray, 1853 * ''Zenatina'' Gill & Darragh, 1963

===Subfamily Mactrinae=== * {{†}}''Allomactra'' Tomlin, 1931 * ''Austromactra'' Iredale, 1930 * ''Barymactra'' Cossmann, 1909 * ''Coelomactra'' Dall, 1895 * ''Crassula'' Marwick, 1948 * ''Cyclomactra'' Dall, 1895<ref name="Kong2007" /> * ''Diaphoromactra'' Iredale, 1930 * ''Harvella'' J. E. Gray, 1853 * ''Huberimactra'' Cosel & Gofas, 2018 * ''Leptospisula'' Dall, 1895 * ''Mactra'' Linnaeus, 1767<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Mactrella'' J. E. Gray, 1853 * ''Mactrellona'' J. G. Marks, 1951 * ''Mactrinula'' J. E. Gray, 1853<ref name="Coan2012" /> * ''Mactromeris'' Conrad, 1868 * ''Mactrotoma'' Dall, 1894<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Maorimactra'' H. J. Finlay, 1928 * ''Mulinia'' J. E. Gray, 1837<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Oxyperas'' Mörch, 1853 * {{†}}''Pseudocardium'' Gabb, 1866 * ''Rangia'' Desmoulins, 1832<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * {{†}}''Sarmatimactra'' Korobkov, 1954 * ''Scalpomactra'' H. J. Finlay, 1928 * ''Scissodesma'' Gray, 1837 * ''Simomactra'' Dall, 1894<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Spisula'' J. E. Gray, 1837<ref name="ITIS_80942" /> * ''Trinitasia'' Maury, 1928 * ''Tumbeziconcha'' Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935 * ''Mactrona'' Marwick, 1952 * ''Petromactra'' Saul, 1973

===Subfamily Resaniinae=== * ''Resania'' J. E. Gray, 1853

===Subfamily Tanysiphoninae=== * ''Tanysiphon'' W. H. Benson, 1858

===''Incertae sedis''=== {{div col|colwidth=20em}} * {{†}}''Aktschagylia'' Starobogatov, 1970 * {{†}}''Aliomactra'' Stephenson, 1952 * {{†}}''Andrussella'' Korobkov, 1954 * {{†}}''Avimactra'' Andrusov, 1905 * {{†}}''Caspimactra'' A. A. Ali-Zade & Kabakova, 1969 * {{†}}''Chersonimactra'' Paramonova, 1978 * {{†}}''Cryptomactra'' Andrussow, 1902 * {{†}}''Cymbophora'' Gabb, 1869 * {{†}}''Eopapyrina'' Woodring, 1982 * {{†}}''Geltena'' Stephenson, 1946 * {{†}}''Ionesimactra'' Signorelli, 2023 * {{†}}''Kirghizella'' Andrusov, 1902 * {{†}}''Mactrodesma'' Conrad, 1869 * ''Mactrona'' Marwick, 1952 * {{†}}''Mulinoides'' Olsson, 1944 * {{†}}''Nelltia'' Stephenson, 1952 * {{†}}''Nymphactra'' Stilwell & Zinsmeister, 1992 * {{†}}''Ovamactra'' Woodring, 1982 * ''Petromactra'' Saul, 1973 * {{†}}''Planimactra'' Ionesi, 1986 * {{†}}''Podolimactra'' Ionesi, 1986 * {{†}}''Praerangia'' Cossmann, 1908 * {{†}}''Priscomactra'' Stephenson, 1952 * {{†}}''Pseudomactra'' Steklov, 1960 * {{†}}''Pteroluter'' Saul, 1973 * {{†}}''Stereomactra'' Stewart, 1930 * {{†}}''Stiphromactra'' Böhm, 1929 * {{†}}''Tenuimactra'' Garvie, 1996 * {{†}}''Willimactra'' Saul, 1973 * {{†}}''Zenatiopsis'' Tate, 1880 {{div col end}}

==References== {{Commons category}} {{Reflist |refs= <ref name="Coan2012">{{cite book |last1=Coan |first1=E. V. |last2=Valentich-Scott |first2=P. |year=2012 |title=Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru |pages=2 vols, 1258 pp |language=en }}</ref> <ref name="collins">{{cite book |last1=Barrett |first1=J. H. |last2=Yonge |first2=C. M. |year=1958 |title=Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore |page=156 |publisher=Collins |location=London (UK) }}</ref> <ref name="ITIS_80942">{{ITIS |id=80942 |taxon=Mactridae |last=Scott |first=Paul V.}}</ref> <ref name="Kong2007">{{cite journal |last1=Kong |first1=Lingfeng |last2=Li |first2=Qi |last3=Qiu|first3=Zhaoxing |year=2007 |title=Genetic and morphological differentiation in the clam Coelomactra antiquata (Bivalvia: Veneroida) along the coast of China |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=343 |pages=110–117 |doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.003}}</ref> <ref name="WoRMS_230">{{cite WoRMS |id=230 |author-link=WoRMS |last=Gofas |first=Serge |title=Mactride Lamarck, 1809 |date=2017-11-14 |access-date=2025-03-08 }}</ref> }} * Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 {{ISBN|0-00-216906-1}}

Category:Mactridae Category:Bivalve families Category:Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Category:Extant Cretaceous first appearances