{{Short description|Nickel antimony titanium yellow pigment}} {{Infobox color |image = Pigment Yellow 53.jpg |caption = Commercial pigment |title = Titanium yellow |hex = EEE600}} {{Chembox <!-- Images --> | ImageFile = | ImageSize = | ImageAlt = | ImageCaption = Commercial pigment <!-- Names --> | IUPACName = {{ubl|Titanium yellow |nickel antimony titanium yellow |nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile |CI Pigment Yellow 53 | C.I. 77788}} | OtherNames = <!-- Sections --> | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 8007-18-9 | EINECS = 232-353-3 | PubChem = | StdInChI=1S/Ni.44O.2Sb.20Ti.12H/q+2;44*-2;2*+3;20*+4;;;;;;;;;;;; | StdInChIKey=KTGGHEZYKTWVFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | SMILES = [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ni+2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4].[Ti+4] }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = NiO·Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·20TiO<sub>2</sub> | MolarMass = | Appearance = Yellow pigment | Density = | MeltingPt = | BoilingPt = | Solubility = }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} '''Titanium yellow''' is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition NiO·Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·20TiO<sub>2</sub>. It is considered a complex inorganic color pigment (CICP)<ref name="pigments">{{Cite book |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9783527626915 |title=High Performance Pigments |date=2009-01-14 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-3-527-31405-8 |editor-last=Faulkner |editor-first=Edwin B. |pages=44-45 |language=en |doi=10.1002/9783527626915 |editor-last2=Schwartz |editor-first2=Russell J.}}</ref><ref name="paint">{{Cite book |last=Lambourne |first=R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRKkAgAAQBAJ |title=Paint and Surface Coatings: Theory and Practice |last2=Strivens |first2=T. A. |date=1999-08-23 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-1-85573-700-6 |pages=137-138 |language=en}}</ref>, formerly known as a mixed phase metal oxide<ref name="paint" />. The pigment has a rutile crystal lattice<ref name="pigments" />, with 2–5% of titanium ions replaced with nickel(II) and 9–12% of them replaced with antimony(III).{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
== Properties == Titanium yellow has a melting point above 1000 °C and extremely low solubility in water.{{Citation needed|date=December 2025}}
As other CICPs, it has excellent heat stability and good chemical stability.<ref name="paint" />
== Production == CICPs such as titanium yellow are manufactured by calcining fine powders of metal oxides, hydroxides, or carbonates in solid state at temperatures between 650 and 1300 °C.<ref name="pigments" />
== Use == Titanium yellow is used primarily as a pigment for plastics<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sarvis |first=Harrey E. |date=1993 |title=The coloring of PVC |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/vnl.730150307 |journal=Journal of Vinyl Technology |language=en |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=150 |doi=10.1002/vnl.730150307 |issn=1548-0585|url-access=subscription }}</ref> and ceramic glazes<ref name="paint" />, and in art painting.
It also finds use in high-end applications such as automotive and coil coatings.<ref name="paint" />
== Safety == While titanium yellow contains antimony and nickel, it is considered relatively inert and can be regarded as "physiologically and environmentally harmless."<ref name="paint" />
==See also== * List of colors * List of inorganic pigments
== References == {{reflist}}
==External links== * [http://www.ut.ee/katsekoda/pigments/ Database of Painting Pigments] * [https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB22130325.htm chemicalbook.com]
{{Shades of yellow}} {{nickel compounds}} {{antimony compounds}} {{titanium compounds}}
Category:Inorganic pigments Category:Nickel compounds Category:Antimony(III) compounds Category:Titanium(IV) compounds Category:Shades of yellow
{{color-stub}}