{{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 428786259 | Name = Tin(IV) sulfide | ImageFile = <div style="font-size: 150%">{{chem2|Sn^{4+}(S^{2-})2}}</div> | ImageSize = 160px | ImageName = Ball-and-stick model of tin(IV) sulfide | IUPACName = Tin(IV) sulfide | OtherNames = Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 1315-01-1 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | ChemSpiderID = 21865812 | PubChem = 73977 | PubChem1 = 15238661 | PubChem1_Comment = (S=Sn=S) | ChEBI = 50886 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | UNII = YVY89V9BUH | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} | StdInChI = 1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}} | StdInChIKey = TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|inchi}} | SMILES = [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4] | SMILES1 = S=[Sn]=S | SMILES1_Comment = (S=Sn=S) | EC_number = 215-252-9 }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Sn=1 | S=2 | Appearance = Gold-yellow powder | Odor = Odorless | Density = 4.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=crc /> | MeltingPtC = 600 | MeltingPt_notes = <br> decomposes<ref name=crc>{{CRC90}}</ref> | Solubility = Insoluble | SolubleOther = Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia<ref name=crc /><br> Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone<ref name=doc00>{{cite book|page = 1080|title = A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic|url = https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.163725|edition = 2nd|first1 = Arthur Messinger|last1 = Comey|first2 = Dorothy A.|last2 = Hahn|place = New York|publisher = The MacMillan Company|date = February 1921}}</ref> }} |Section3={{Chembox Structure | Coordination = Octahedral (Sn<sup>4+</sup>)<ref name=asm /> | CrystalStruct = Rhombohedral, hP3<ref name=asm>{{Cite book |doi = 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003722|chapter = Crystal Structure*|editor-first = G.F. Vander|editor-last = Voort|pages = 29–43|volume = 9|title = Metallography and Microstructures|year = 2004 | isbn=978-1-62708-177-1 }}</ref> | SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}m1, No. 164<ref name=asm /> | PointGroup = {{overline|3}} 2/m<ref name=asm /> | LattConst_a = 3.65&nbsp;Å | LattConst_c = 5.88&nbsp;Å<ref name=asm /> | LattConst_gamma = 120 }} |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}<ref name=pab /> | GHSSignalWord = Warning | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|312|315|319|332|335}}<ref name=pab /> | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|280|301+312|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|332+313}}<ref name=pab /> | NFPA-H = 1 | NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA_ref = <ref name=pab>{{cite web|url = https://www.pfaltzandbauer.com/MSDS/S08330%20SDS%20061814.pdf|publisher = Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc.|place = Connecticut, USA|access-date = 2014-07-13|website = pfaltzandbauer.com|title = SDS of Stannic sulfide|archive-date = 2014-07-14|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173635/https://www.pfaltzandbauer.com/MSDS/S08330%20SDS%20061814.pdf|url-status = dead}}</ref> }} }}

'''Tin(IV) sulfide''' is a compound with the formula {{chem2|SnS2}}. A brown, water-insoluble solid, it is a semiconductor with band gap 2.2&nbsp;eV.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/C5TA08214E |title=Electronic and Optical Properties of Single Crystal SnS<sub>2</sub>: An Earth-Abundant Disulfide Photocatalyst |date=2016 |last1=Burton |first1=Lee A. |last2=Whittles |first2=Thomas J. |last3=Hesp |first3=David |last4=Linhart |first4=Wojciech M. |last5=Skelton |first5=Jonathan M. |last6=Hou |first6=Bo |last7=Webster |first7=Richard F. |last8=O'Dowd |first8=Graeme |last9=Reece |first9=Christian |last10=Cherns |first10=David |last11=Fermin |first11=David J. |last12=Veal |first12=Tim D. |last13=Dhanak |first13=Vin R. |last14=Walsh |first14=Aron |journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry A |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=1312–1318 |hdl=1983/fb4a478e-aa5e-4f09-abe3-dce1343f709d |hdl-access=free }}</ref> It occurs naturally as the rare mineral '''berndtite'''.<ref>Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. {{ISBN|0-521-21489-0}}.</ref>

==Synthesis and structure== :left|thumb|Fragment of the SnS<sub>2</sub> lattice. Color code: yellow = S, gray = Sn.|120px The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of {{chem2|H2S}} to solutions containing tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. It can also be prepared by heating finely ground Sn with excess sulfur.<ref>{{cite book|author=P. Baudler|chapter=Tin (IVj Sulfide|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2|page=741}}</ref>

The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.<ref>Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.</ref>

The material reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula {{chem|[SnS|2|]|''m''|[S]|''n''|2''n''−}}.<ref>{{cite book|author=P. Baudler|chapter=Sodium Metathiostannate|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY, NY|volume=2|page=742}}</ref> A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is: :{{chem2|SnS2 + S^{2-} → }} {{sfrac|1|''x''}}{{chem2|[SnS3^{2-}]_{''x''} }}

== Potential uses == Crystalline {{chem2|SnS2}} has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> where it is known as mosaic gold.

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It serves as an anode in prototypes of lithium-ion batteries.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Cupid |first1=D. M. |last2=Rezqita |first2=A. |last3=Glibo |first3=A. |last4=Artner |first4=M. |last5=Bauer |first5=V. |last6=Hamid |first6=R. |last7=Jahn |first7=M. |last8=Flandorfer |first8=H. |date=2021 |title=Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin(IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries |journal=Electrochim. Acta |volume=375|article-number=137936 |doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Intercalation with organometallic reagents is reversible.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1039/CS9922100121 |title=Structure, dynamics, and electronic properties of cobaltocene in SnS<sub>2–x</sub>Se<sub>x</sub>&#123;0⩽x⩽2&#125; |date=1992 |last1=O'Hare |first1=D. |journal=Chem. Soc. Rev. |volume=21 |issue=2 |pages=121–126 }}</ref>

It has also been evaluated as a component of supercapacitors, which could be used for energy storage.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Setayeshmehr |first1=M. |last2=Haghighi |first2=M. |last3=Mirabbaszadeh |first3=K. |date=2021 |title=A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors |journal=Energy Storage |volume=4}}</ref>

== See also == * Mosaic Gold

==References== {{reflist}}

==External links== {{Commons category|Tin(IV) sulfide}} * [https://www.samaterials.com/tin/1864-tin-iv-sulfide-sns2-powder-chunk-lumps.html Tin (IV) Sulfide Powder, Stanford Advanced Materials] * [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tin-sulfide-_SnS2 Tin Sulfide (SnS2), PubChem]

{{Tin compounds}} {{Sulfides}}

Category:Tin(IV) compounds Category:IV-VI semiconductors Category:Disulfides