Takyeh

{{Short description|Place in Iran where Husayn bin Ali is mourned by Shia}} {{about|the takyas of Iran|the history and usage of the term in the Islamic world in general|Takya}} {{other uses}} [[Image:Tekiyeh amir chaghmagh yazd.jpg|thumb|right|The medieval Takyeh Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd, Iran]] In Iran, the word '''takyeh''' ({{langx|fa|label=Iranian Persian|تکیه|translit=takye}}<ref>{{cite book|entry=تکیه|title=New Persian-English Dictionary|author=Hayyim, Sulayman|authorlink=Sulayman Hayyim|volume=1|page=469|location=Teheran|publisher=Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim|year=1934|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/hayyim_query.py?qs=تکیه&searchhws=yes&matchtype=exact}}</ref>) is mostly used as a synonym of husayniyya (or ''hoseyniyeh'' in Iranian Persian; building where Shia Muslims gather to mourn the death of Husayn ibn Ali in the month of Muharram),<ref name="Campo2009">{{cite book|author=Juan Eduardo Campo|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA318|date=1 January 2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-2696-8|pages=318–}}</ref><ref name=Iranica>{{cite web|last=Chelkowski|first=Peter|title=TAʿZIA|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/tazia|website=www.iranicaonline.org|access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=تکیه در تهران |url=http://seeiran.ir/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87-%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86/|access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> although some takyehs also include a zaynabiyya (or ''zeynabiyeh'', in honor of Husayn's sister Zaynab bint Ali)<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Islam|page=320|year=2009|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZbyz_Hr-eIC&pg=PA320}}</ref> or an abbasiyya (or ''abbasiyeh'', in honor of Husayn's paternal half-brother Abbas ibn Ali), like the Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk.<ref>{{cite book|title=Diversity and Pluralism in Islam|author=Zulfikar Hirji|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-wcqAQAAMAAJ}}</ref> Many takyehs are found in Iran,<ref>{{cite web|title=The lucrative business of mourning in Iran|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2014/nov/05/iran-high-cost-business-mourning|access-date=5 October 2015}}</ref> where there are takyehs in almost every city.{{citation needed|date=April 2024}}

==History== [[File:تکیه دولت.jpg|thumb|The former Takyeh Dowlat ('State Takyeh') in Tehran]] In Classical Persian, a takya in the religious sense was originally a place for Sufi gatherings; Sufis were called {{lang|fa|تکیه‌نشین}} {{lang|fa|takya-nishīn}} or {{lang|fa|تکیه‌دار}} {{translit|fa|takya-dār}}. Following the Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, existing takyas became used as husayniyyas,<ref>{{cite book|title=معجم المشاريع الحسينيّة - الجزء الثالث: دائرة المعارف الحسينية|author=محمد صادق محمد الكرباسي|year=2019|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X46ODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT220|lang=ar|quote=بناء الحسينية كان حديث العهد بإيران، وأما التكايا فكانت معروفة ومنتشرة في أنحاء إيران وكانت تقام فيها بعض الشعائر الحسينية أيضا قبل أن تنتقل إلى الحسينيات التي تخصصت بالشعائر الحسينية.}}</ref> and the majority of takyehs built in Iran since Iran's conversion have been built to be used as husayniyyas, like the Takyeh Dowlat built by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. Tehran alone is said to have had up to 50 takyehs under the Qajar dynasty.<ref name="Iranica" />

==Architecture== Takyehs throughout Iran are usually designed with observable elements of Persian architecture.

==Usage== Takyehs usually host ta'ziyeh performances.

==Notable takyehs== * Takyeh Dowlat in Tehran * Takyeh Mir Chakhmaq in Yazd * Takyeh Moaven-ol-Molk in Kermanshah * Takyeh Beyglarbeygi in Kermanshah

==References== {{Reflist}}

{{Islamic architecture}} {{Iranian Architecture}} {{Portal bar|Religion|Islam|Education|Psychology|Art|Architecture}} {{Authority control}}

Category:Takyehs Category:Architecture in Iran