Selamectin

{{Short description|Topical parasiticide for dogs and cats}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} {{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}} {{Drugbox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464388376 | image = Selamectin Structural Formulae V.1.svg | image_class = skin-invert-image | alt = | image2 = Selamectin_sf.gif | image_class2 = bg-transparent | alt2 =

| tradename = Revolution, Stronghold, Revolt | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|selamectin}} | DailyMedID = Selamectin | pregnancy_AU =  | pregnancy_category = | routes_of_administration = Topical | ATCvet = yes | ATC_prefix = P54 | ATC_suffix = AA05 | ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|P54|AA55}}

| legal_AU =  | legal_CA =  | legal_UK =  | legal_US = Rx-only | legal_US_comment = <ref name="Revolution FDA label">{{cite web | title=Revolution- selamectin solution | website=DailyMed | date=1 December 2023 | url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=8032a1ae-d192-4514-80f1-9a3b50dc2155 | access-date=6 February 2024}}</ref> | legal_EU = Rx-only | legal_EU_comment = <ref>{{cite web | title=Evicto EPAR | website=European Medicines Agency | date=1 August 2019 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/evicto | access-date=26 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Evicto PI | website=Union Register of medicinal products | date=23 July 2019 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v242.htm | access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Stronghold EPAR | website=European Medicines Agency | date=25 March 2008 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/stronghold | access-date=29 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Stronghold PI | website=Union Register of medicinal products | date=3 December 1999 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v014.htm | access-date=26 December 2024}}</ref> | legal_status =

| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CAS_number = 220119-17-5 | CAS_supplemental = | PubChem = 9578507 | DrugBank_Ref = | DrugBank = | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 16738655 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = A2669OWX9N | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 160777 | synonyms = 25-cyclohexyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-5-deoxy-22,23-dihydro-5-(hydroxyimino)-avermectin B1 monosaccharide<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bishop BF, Bruce CI, Evans NA, Goudie AC, Gration KA, Gibson SP, Pacey MS, Perry DA, Walshe ND, Witty MJ | display-authors = 6 | title = Selamectin: a novel broad-spectrum endectocide for dogs and cats | journal = Veterinary Parasitology | volume = 91 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 163–176 | date = August 2000 | pmid = 10940519 | doi = 10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00289-2 }}</ref>

| C=43 | H=63 | N=1 | O=11 | smiles = C[C@H]1CC[C@]2(C[C@@H]3C[C@H](O2)C/C=C(/[C@H]([C@H](/C=C/C=C/4\CO[C@H]\5[C@@]4([C@@H](C=C(/C5=N/O)C)C(=O)O3)O)C)O[C@H]6C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O6)C)O)OC)\C)O[C@@H]1C7CCCCC7 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C43H63NO11/c1-24-11-10-14-30-23-50-40-36(44-48)27(4)19-33(43(30,40)47)41(46)52-32-20-31(16-15-25(2)38(24)53-35-21-34(49-6)37(45)28(5)51-35)54-42(22-32)18-17-26(3)39(55-42)29-12-8-7-9-13-29/h10-11,14-15,19,24,26,28-29,31-35,37-40,45,47-48H,7-9,12-13,16-18,20-23H2,1-6H3/b11-10+,25-15+,30-14+,44-36-/t24-,26-,28-,31+,32-,33-,34-,35-,37-,38-,39-,40+,42+,43+/m0/s1 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = AFJYYKSVHJGXSN-XHKIUTQPSA-N }}

'''Selamectin''', sold under the brand name '''Revolution''', among others, is a topical parasiticide and anthelminthic used on dogs and cats.<ref name="Revolution FDA label" /> It treats and prevents infections of heartworms, fleas, ear mites, sarcoptic mange (scabies), and certain types of ticks in dogs, and prevents heartworms, fleas, ear mites, hookworms, and roundworms in cats.{{cn|date=February 2024}} It is structurally related to ivermectin and milbemycin.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selamectin |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/chapter/monograph/abs/pii/B9780323244855005088 |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=www.sciencedirect.com |language=en-US |doi=10.1016/B978-0-323-24485-5.00508-8}}</ref> Selamectin is not approved for human use.{{cn|date=February 2024}}

==Veterinary uses== Selamectin is applied topically.<ref name="Revolution FDA label" /> It is not miscible in water.<ref name="Revolution FDA label" />

==Mode of action== Selamectin disables parasites by activating glutamate-gated chloride channels at muscle synapses.<ref name=Khaleseh>{{cite book | doi = 10.1016/B978-0-12-824315-2.00896-4 | chapter = Selamectin | title = Encyclopedia of Toxicology | date = 2024 | pages = 463–466 | isbn = 978-0-323-85434-4 | vauthors = Khaleseh F, Khaleseh F, Samadi M }}</ref> Selamectin activates the chloride channel without desensitization, allowing chloride ions to enter the nerve cells and causing neuromuscular paralysis, impaired muscular contraction, and eventual death.<ref name=Khaleseh/>

The substance fights both internal and surface parasitic infection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Selamectin |url=https://parasitipedia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2689&Itemid=2930 |website=Parasitipedia.net |last=Junquera |first=P. |date=2015 |access-date=2025-11-05}}</ref> Absorbed into the body through the skin and hair follicles, it travels through the bloodstream, intestines, and sebaceous glands;{{cn|date=February 2024}} parasites ingest the drug when they feed on the animal's blood or secretions.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

==Side effects== Selamectin has been found to be safe and effective in a 2003 review.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Recent Developments In The Control Of Ectoparasites And Endoparasites Of Dogs And Cats With Selamectin|journal=Israel Journal of Veterianry Medicine|date=2003 | vauthors = Pipano E |volume=58|issue=2–3|url=http://www.infolizer.com/isrvm1aa1or7g/The-control-of-ectoparasites-and-endoparasites-of-dogs-and-cats-.html|access-date=5 July 2008 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080414071601/http://www.isrvma.org/article/58_2_1.htm |archive-date = 14 April 2008}}</ref>

Selamectin has high safety ratings, with less than 1% of pets displaying side effects{{citation needed | reason=Need source for 1% statistic|date=May 2020}}. In cases where side-effects do occur, they most often include passing irritation or hair loss at the application site. Symptoms beyond these (such as drooling, rapid breathing, lack of coordination, vomiting, or diarrhea) could be due to shock as a result of selamectin killing heartworms or other vulnerable parasites present at high levels in the bloodstreams of dogs.{{cn|date=September 2014}} This would be a reaction due to undetected or underestimated infections prior to using the medication, rather than an actual allergic reaction to the drug itself.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

== Society and culture == === Brand names === {{unreferenced section|date=February 2024}} Selamectin is sold under various brand names including Selehold, manufactured by KRKA, Selarid manufactured by Norbrook Laboratories Limited, Revolution and Stronghold manufactured by Zoetis, Revolt manufactured by Aurora Pharmaceuticals, and Senergy manufactured by Virbac.

=== Similar products === {{unreferenced section|date=February 2024}} Main rival products for dogs include ivermectin (trade names Stromectol, Ivermec and others) or milbemycin oxime (Interceptor) for heartworms, imidacloprid and moxidectin (Advocate), fipronil (Frontline) or lufenuron (Program) for fleas, or the combination milbemycin oxime/lufenuron (Sentinel) for both.{{cn|date=December 2022}}

== References == {{Reflist}}

Category:Antiparasitic agents Category:Macrolides Category:Cat medications Category:Dog medications Category:Drugs developed by Pfizer Category:Cyclohexyl compounds