National poet

{{short description|Poet traditionally held to represent a certain national culture}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}} [[File:Grave of James Clarence Mangan.jpg|thumb|Tomb of James Clarence Mangan, with legend describing him as "Ireland's national poet"]] A '''national poet''' or '''national bard''' is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.<ref name="Esterhammer">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eSa4fY_LQVYC&q=national+poets&pg=PA249 | title= "'National Poets' in the Romantic Age: Emergence and Importance." Romantic Poetry | publisher=John Benjamins Publishing | author-link=Virgil Nemoianu | author=Nemoianu, Virgil | editor=Esterhammer, Angela | year=2002 | pages=537 | isbn=9789027234506}}</ref> The national poet as culture hero is a long-standing symbol, to be distinguished from successive holders of a bureaucratically-appointed poet-laureate office. The idea and honoring of national poets emerged primarily during Romanticism, as a figure that helped consolidation of the nation states, as it provided validation of their ethno-linguistic groups.<ref name="Esterhammer" />

Most national poets are historic figures, though a few contemporary writers working in relatively new or revived national literatures are also considered "national poets". Though not formally elected, national poets play a role in shaping a country's understanding of itself.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our National Poets |url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets |access-date=2024-02-13 |website=Poets.org |language=en}}</ref> Some nations may have more than one national poet; the idea of a single one is always a simplification. It has been argued that a national poet "must write poetry that closely identifies with the nation's cause – or is thought to do so",<ref>John Neubauer, "Figures of National Poets", in Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004), p. 11.</ref> with an additional assumption being that "a national poet must write in a national language".<ref>Michael Baron, ''Language and Relationship in Wordsworth's Writing'' (1995), p. 13.</ref>

The following is a list of nations, with their associated national poets. It is not a list of sovereign states or countries, though many of the nations listed may also be such. The terms "nation" (as cultural concept), "country" (as geographical concept) and "state" (as political concept) are not synonyms.

==Africa==

thumb|Hadrawi of Somalia

{| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country or Territory !Poet !{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Algeria}} | Si Mohand, Moufdi Zakaria |<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.academia.edu/29392840|title=Vermondo Brugnatelli «Mi spezzo ma non mi piego» - La poesia di Si Mohand (1849-1905)|first=Vermondo|last=Brugnatelli|date=1 November 2016|via=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aathaar.net/en/place/5080|title=اكتشف العالم|website=اكتشف العالم}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Angola}} |Agostinho Neto |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalopedia.com/angola-national-poet-a-tribute-to-agostinho-neto/|title=Angola National Poet: A Tribute to Agostinho Neto|first=Mahmood|last=Rehan|work=National Pedia - Read Everything National |date=22 May 2023}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Burkina Faso}} |Titinga Frédéric Pacéré |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Editorial de Sidwaya : Des signaux forts… ! - leFaso.net |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article41633 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=lefaso.net |language=fr}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cape Verde}} |Jorge Barbosa |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Almeida |first=Germano |date=2023-11-03 |title=Apenas indeferença? – A Nação – Jornal Independente |url=https://www.anacao.cv/noticia/2023/11/03/apenas-indeferenca/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |language=pt-PT}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of Congo}} |Antoine-Roger Bolamba (J'ongungu) [when the country was known as Congo–Zaire] |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gikandi |first=Simon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iuKAAgAAQBAJ |title=Encyclopedia of African Literature |date=2003-09-02 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-58222-8 |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Djibouti}} |Victor Hugo M'Gonagall |<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wWQwAQAAIAAJ&q=%22national+poet%22+djibouti |title=Punch |date=1977 |publisher=Punch Publications Limited |language=en}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=The source cited is likely to be comedic rather than factual, given that Punch was a satirical magazine, and the name mentioned may be a nod to other authors, specifically Victor Hugo and William McGonagall|date=November 2025}} |- |{{flag|Egypt}} | Ahmed Shawqi |<ref>Graves,&nbsp;R.&nbsp;(2014).&nbsp;''Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Penguin Books Limited.</ref> |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} | Gibreab Teferi, Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pnreview.co.uk/cgi-bin/scribe?item_id=2696|title=PN Review 169|website=PN Review }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ghana}} |Atukwei Okai, Kofi Awoonor |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/886160/professor-john-atukwei-okai-an-appreciation-of-a-pan-african.html|title=Professor John Atukwei Okai An Appreciation Of A Pan-African Bard|website=Modern Ghana}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cmlibrary.bibliocommons.com/v2/record/S106C2257864|title=The promise of hope: new and selected poems, 1964-2013|first1=Kofi|last1=Awoonor|first2=Kofi|last2=Anyidoho|first3=Kwame Senu Neville|last3=Dawes|series=African poetry book series |date=26 January 2014|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|isbn=978-0-8032-5493-0 |via=Charlotte Mecklenburg Library}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kenya}} |Abdilatif Abdalla |<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FI5EAQAAIAAJ |title=Struggle for Democracy in Kenya: Special Report on the 1988 General Elections in Kenya |date=1988 |publisher=UMOJA |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Lesotho}} |Thomas Mofolo |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whathowbuzz.com/lesotho-facts/|title=Lesotho Facts and History and History|date=21 April 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Liberia}} |Melvin B. Tolson |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.flashpointmag.com/mbttolsonrevisited.htm|title=Robert M. Farnsworth - Melvin B. Tolson : Revisited|website=Flashpoint Magazine}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Libya}} |Ahmed Rafiq Almhadoui |<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Rothenberg |first1=Jerome |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sp6f4oy0bAsC |title=Poems for the Millennium, Volume Four: The University of California Book of North African Literature |last2=Joris |first2=Pierre |last3=Robinson |first3=Jeffrey Cane |last4=Tengour |first4=Habib |date=1995 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-27385-6 |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Madagascar}} | Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/library-weekly/jean-joseph-rabearivelo|title=Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo|website=African Studies Centre Leiden}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mali}} | Fily Dabo Sissoko |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.symbolicmeaningofaflower.com/meaning/what-is-the-national-flower-of-mali-meaning-and-symbolism/|title=What is the national flower of Mali, Meaning and Symbolism|date=9 October 2023|website=Symbolic Meaning Of A Flower}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mauritius}} |Léoville L'Homme |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pahladramsurrun.com/shop/indradhanush-magazine-leoville-lhomme/|work=Indradhanush Magazine |title=Léoville L'Homme }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Morocco}} | Mohammed Awzal |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.app.com.pk/national/allama-iqbals-philosophy-gives-depth-height-to-human-imagination-pm/|title=Allama Iqbal's philosophy gives depth, height to human imagination: PM|date=8 February 2019}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mozambique}} |José Craveirinha |<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-0487|title=Dictionary of African Biography|first=Livia|last=Apa|editor-first1=Emmanuel K. |editor-first2=Henry Louis |editor-last1=Akyeampong |editor-last2=Gates |date=1 January 2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|via=Oxford Reference|doi=10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001|isbn=978-0-19-538207-5 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Namibia}} |Mvula ya Nangolo |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.revuenoire.com/en/mvula-ya-nangolo-namibia/|title=Mvula Ya NANGOLO – Namibia |website=Revue Noire}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nigeria}} | Christopher Okigbo |<ref>Nwakanma,&nbsp;O.&nbsp;(2010:90).&nbsp;''Christopher Okigbo, 1930-67: Thirsting for Sunlight''.&nbsp;Nigeria:&nbsp;James Currey.</ref><ref>''The Oxford Handbook of Nigerian Politics''.&nbsp;(2018:623).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;OUP Oxford.</ref> |- |{{flag|São Tomé and Príncipe}} | Francisco José Tenreiro, Alda Neves do Espírito Santo |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Francisco José de Vasques Tenreiro |url=https://www.apgeo.pt/francisco-jose-de-vasques-tenreiro |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=APGEO}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hage |first=Naziha |date=2024-04-11 |title=Las mujeres, fundamentales en la lucha anticolonial portuguesa |url=https://www.esafrica.es/genero/las-mujeres-fundamentales-en-la-lucha-anticolonial-portuguesa/ |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=Es África |language=es-ES}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Senegal}} | Léopold Sédar Senghor |<ref>Moore,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;(1980:38).&nbsp;Twelve African Writers.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Hutchinson University Library for Africa.</ref> |- |{{flag|Sierra Leone}} |Davidson Nicol |<ref>Rice,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;(1985:238).&nbsp;''The Bold Experiment: JFK's Peace Corps''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;University Press of Virginia.</ref> |- |{{flag|Somalia}} | Hadrawi |<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/178873/hadraawi-shakespeare-of-somalia-dies |title=Hadraawi, Shakespeare of Somalia, dies |work=New Age}}</ref> |- |{{flag|South Africa}} | S. E. K. Mqhayi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/mqhayi-s/|title=Bibliographies: 'Mqhayi S' |website=Grafiati}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tanzania}} | Shaaban bin Robert |<ref name="CameronDodd2014">{{cite book|author1=J. Cameron|author2=W. A. Dodd|title=Society, Schools and Progress in Tanzania: The Commonwealth and International Library: Education and Educational Research|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73eoBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|date=17 May 2014|publisher=Elsevier Science|isbn=978-1-4831-5914-0|pages=57–}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tunisia}} | Aboul-Qacem Echebbi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nationalanthems.info/tn.htm|title=Tunisia – nationalanthems.info}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediorientedintorni.com/index.php/2021/01/24/canticles-of-the-life-by-aboul-qacem-echebbi/?lang=en|title="Canticles of the life" by Aboul-Qacem Echebbi|first=Khalid|last=Valisi|date=24 January 2021}}</ref> |- |''{{flag|Western Sahara}}'' | Zaim Allal |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hosting.northumbria.ac.uk/westernsaharapoetry/2023/01/31/poetry-translation-centre-features-two-poets-from-this-project-in-an-upcoming-translation-workshop/|title=Poetry Translation Centre features two poets from this project in an upcoming translation workshop – Western Sahara Poetry|date=21 June 2023}}</ref> |}

==Asia== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country (or&nbsp;region) !Poet !{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Afghanistan}} |Rumi, Khushal Khattak |<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Morgenstierne | first1 = G. | doi = 10.1080/03068376008731684 | title = Khushhal Khan—the national poet of the Afghans | journal = Journal of the Royal Central Asian Society | volume = 47 | pages = 49–57 | year = 1960 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/poetry-of-rumi-spans-across-centuries-cultures|title=Poetry of Rumi Spans Across Centuries, Cultures|date=4 June 2009|website=PBS NewsHour}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bangladesh}} |Kazi Nazrul Islam |<ref>{{cite news |title=Signed and sealed: Bangladesh officially recognises Kazi Nazrul Islam as national poet |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |work=bdnews24.com |date=3 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250103191415/https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/4b95f5a98090 |archive-date=3 January 2025 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh officially recognizes late Kazi Nazrul Islam as 'national poet' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/bangladesh-officially-recognizes-late-kazi-nazrul-islam-as-national-poet-/3440772# |work=Anadolu Agency |date=3 January 2025}}</ref> |- |{{flag|China}} |Du Fu, Li Bai |<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hao |first1=Tianhu |title=Milton in Late-Qing China (1837-1911) and the Production of Cross-Cultural Knowledge |journal=Milton Quarterly |date=2012 |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=86–105 |doi=10.1111/j.1094-348X.2012.00330.x |jstor=24463978 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://en.chinaculture.org/library/2008-01/09/content_41814.htm|title=Poetic Genius, Sage of Poetry, Buddhist Poet and Poet-Ghost|website=en.chinaculture.org}}</ref><ref>Ward, J. E. (2008). ''Li Bai: an Homage To''. United Kingdom: Lulu.com.</ref> |- |{{flag|Cambodia}} |Preah Botumthera Som |<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Polin |first1=Soth |last2=May |first2=Sharon |title=Without Words: An Interview |journal=Manoa |date=2006 |volume=18 |issue=1 |pages=108–115 |doi=10.1353/man.2006.0035 |jstor=4230442 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|India}} |Rabindranath Tagore, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Kuvempu, Govinda Pai, G. S. Shivarudrappa, Maithili Sharan Gupt, Subramania Bharati, Kalidasa |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://iias.ac.in/events/national-poet-subramania-bharati-thinker-ahead-of-times-from-tamil-nadu/|title=National Poet Subramania Bharati: Thinker ahead of times from Tamil Nadu – Indian Institute of Advanced Study}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ground.news/article/a164ad3f-b05f-4924-898b-d8296e8fac85|title=Maithili Sharan Gupta poems are awakening for the passion of patriotism|website=Ground News|date=12 December 2020 }}</ref><ref>''Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona''. (1987). India: Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute.</ref><ref>Bhawe, S. S. (1964). ''Kalidasa: The National Poet of India''. India: Good Companions.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309181507/http://www.lokvani.com/lokvani/article.php?article_id=12661|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 March 2021|title=Valmiki Jayanti At Shri Dwarkamai Vidyapeeth|website=Lokvani}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/12/29/kuppali-venkatappa-puttappa-kuvempus-kannada-legacy|title=Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa: Kuvempu's Kannada legacy|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulf-times.com/story/375449/kannada-poet-dead|title=Kannada poet dead|website=Gulf Times |date=23 December 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/karnataka/2016/Dec/05/poet-m-govinda-pais-home-gets-a-facelift-1545728.html|title=Poet M Govinda Pai's home gets a facelift|website=New Indian Express |date=5 December 2016 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Indonesia}} |Chairil Anwar, Sapardi Djoko Damono |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artsofresistance.com/portfolio/joma-sison/|title=Joma Sison - Arts of Resistance|website=Arts of Resistance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono: 70 … and still kicking |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100403144300/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/03/31/sapardi-djoko-damono-70-%E2%80%A6-and-still-kicking.html |archive-date=2010-04-03 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sapardi Djoko Damono |url=http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509013548/http://www.poetryinternational.org/piw_cms/cms/cms_module/index.php?obj_id=16151 |archive-date=2012-05-09 |access-date=2025-05-29 |website= Poetry International |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iran}} |Ferdowsi, Rumi, Hafez, Attar of Nishapur, Omar Khayyám, Saadi Shirazi, Nizami Ganjavi, Rudaki, Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar, Mehdi Akhavan-Sales, Aref Qazvini, Ahmad Shamlou, Parvin E'tesami |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhlrc.ucla.edu/cnes/event/7766|title=The Shahnameh: Iran's National Epic|website=NHLRC}}</ref><ref name="auto3">{{cite web | url=https://www.thestorymint.com/writers-pad/farha-naz/titles/my-favourite-author-jalaluddin-rumi-who-changed-my-life-0 | title=My favourite Author Jalalu'ddin Rumi, who changed my life |work=The Story Mint }}</ref><ref>Viestad, A. (2023). ''Dinner in Rome: A History of the World in One Meal''. United Kingdom: Reaktion Books.</ref> |- |{{flag|Iraq}} |Muthaffar al-Nawab, Al-Mutanabbi, Muhammad Mahdi al-Jawahiri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/iraq-protesters-force-pm-leave-funeral-national-communist-poet-muzaffar-al-nawab|title=Iraq: Protesters force PM to leave funeral of national poet Muzaffar al-Nawab|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref><ref>''Wonders of creation: manuscripts of the Bavarian State Library from the Islamic world''. (2010). Germany: Harrassowitz Verlag.</ref><ref>Zeidel, R. (2020). ''Pluralism in the Iraqi Novel After 2003: Literature and the Recovery of National Identity''. United States: Lexington Books.</ref> |- |{{flag|Israel}} |Yehuda Amichai, Hayim Nahman Bialik, Natan Alterman |,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gold |first1=Nili Scharf |title=Yehuda Amichai: The Making of Israel's National Poet |date=2008 |publisher=Brandeis University Press |doi=10.2307/j.ctv102bhrh |isbn=978-1-58465-733-0 |jstor=j.ctv102bhrh }}{{page needed|date=April 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.myjewishlearning.com/culture/2/Literature/Hebrew/Emergence_of_Modern_Hebrew_Literature/The_Pioneers/Hayim_Nahman_Bialik.shtml|title=Hayim Nahman Bialik}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://jewishoriginal.com/celebrating-natan-alterman-israels-national-poet-literary-legend-and-political-voice/ | title=Celebrating Natan Alterman: Israel's National Poet, Literary Legend, and Political Voice | date=14 August 1910 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Japan}} |Matsuo Bashō, Lafcadio Hearn, Murasaki Shikibu, Tanikawa Shuntaro, Ishikawa Takuboku |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2022/05/11/lafcadio-hearn-greek-national-poet-of-japan-koizumi-yakumo/|title=Lafcadio Hearn: The Greek National Poet of Japan - GreekReporter.com|date=27 June 2024 }}</ref><ref>''Japan Quarterly''. (1960:47). Japan: Asahi Shinbun.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-first-modern-japanese/9780231179720|title=The First Modern Japanese: The Life of Ishikawa Takuboku|first=Donald|last=Keene|date=19 September 2016|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-54223-4 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Jordan}} |Mustafa Wahbi al-Tal |<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mahfouz |first1=Safi |last2=Al Hweitat |first2=Dr. Mufleh |title='Arār, "Jordan's Wandering Poet among the Gypsies," and Maxwell Bodenheim, "The Village Rogue": A Comparative Study of the Two Bohemians' Lives and Poetic Styles |journal=The International Journal of Literary Humanities |date=2022 |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=121–137 |id={{ProQuest|2730090789}} |doi=10.18848/2327-7912/CGP/v20i02/121-137 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kazakhstan}} |Abai Qunanbaiuli |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shymkent.info/2020/08/09/175th-birthday-of-abay-qunanbaiuly/|title=175th Birthday of Abay Qunanbaiuly|work=Info Shymkent|date=9 August 2020}}</ref> |- |link=Korean Unification Flag|24x24px Korea |Cho Ki-chon, Yun Dongju, Han Yong-un, Park Mok-wol, Chŏng Ch'ŏl |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2008 |script-title=ko:기획 기사 [9.9절 방북취재-6]&lt;백두산은 역시 혁명의 성산&gt; |url=http://www.kancc.org/bbs/board.php?bo_table=special&wr_id=129 |access-date=10 November 2020 |publisher=Korean American National Coordinating Council |language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite thesis | url=http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10059 | title=Le poéte coréen Yun Tong-Ju : (Entre le Jiandao du nord et le Japon) | date=January 1989 | publisher=Aix-Marseille 1 | type=These de doctorat | last1=Lim | first1=Byung-Sun | last2=Dabezies | first2=André }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kurdistan}} |Ehmedê Xanî, Cigerxwîn, Sherko Bekas, Hemin Mukriyani, Abdurrahman Sharafkandi |<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/33242260|title=The Consecration of a Kurdish National Epic|first=Michiel|last=Leezenberg|work=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite | title=JAGARḴWIN | doi=10.1163/2330-4804_EIRO_COM_3809 | url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/jagarkwin/ | access-date=12 May 2026 | page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | last1=Azeez | first1=Hawzhin | url=https://nlka.net/eng/reviewing-the-secret-diary-of-a-rose/ | title=Reviewing Sherko Bekas' 'The Secret Diary of a Rose' | work=The Kurdish Center for Studies | date=6 June 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kurdshop.net/en/famous-kurdish-persons/2899|title=Hemn, the National Poet|date=5 August 2023|website=KURDŞOP (kurdshop.net)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://berkeley.pressbooks.pub/languagesofberkeley/chapter/kurdish/|title=Kurdish|author=Claude H. Potts|date=13 June 2021|journal=Berkeley Pressbooks}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}} |Toktogul Satylganov |<ref>Coşkun, M. (2020:64). ''Improvising the Voice of the Ancestors: Heritage and Identity in Central Asia''. Germany: Lit Verlag.</ref> |- |{{flag|Lebanon}} |Kahlil Gibran, Said Akl |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nypl.org/blog/2011/12/31/prophet-greenwich-village|title="The Prophet" in Greenwich Village|website=The New York Public Library}}</ref><ref>Salameh, F. (2010:220). ''Language, Memory, and Identity in the Middle East: The Case for Lebanon''. Ukraine: Lexington Books.</ref> |- |{{flag|Malaysia}} |Usman Awang |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s-pores.com/2007/04/linda-chen/|title=In Memory of Linda Chen (1928-2002)|date=10 April 2007}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mongolia}} |Ochirbatyn Dashbalbar, Dulduityn Danzanravjaa, Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Byambyn Rinchen, Hadaa Sendoo |<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0090599200024016/type/journal_article|title=City of felt and concrete: Negotiating cultural hybridity in Mongolia's capital of Ulaanbaatar|first1=Alexander C.|last1=Diener|first2=Joshua|last2=Hagen|date=1 July 2013|journal=Nationalities Papers|volume=41|issue=4|pages=622–650|via=CrossRef|doi=10.1080/00905992.2012.743513|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rutgers.academia.edu/SimonWickhamsmith/CurriculumVitae|title=Simon Wickhamsmith|website=Rutgers}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://memim.com/dashdorjiin-natsagdorj.html|title=Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj|website=memim}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.calligraphy-museum.com/cn/news/news/mongolian-calligraphy-the-tradition-of-fine-writing-in-the-mongolian-language|title=Mongolian calligraphy – the tradition of fine writing in the Mongolian language|website=Calligraphy Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ginamc.blogspot.com/2015/06/hadaa-sendoo-world-poet.html|title=Riding & Writing...: Hadaa Sendoo, World Poet|date=14 June 2015}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Myanmar}} |Min Thu Wun |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://moemaka.net/eng/2009/02/burmese-national-poet-a-literary-icon-min-thu-wun-100-year-anniversary-to-hold-far-and-wide/|title=Burmese National Poet & Literary Icon, Min Thu Wun 100 year Anniversary to hold far and wide|date=6 February 2009}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nepal}} |Madhav Prasad Ghimire |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/69553/|title=206th birth anniversary of Aadi Kavi Bhanu Bhakta Acharya being marked today (with video)|first=Sanskriti|last=Acharya|website=My Republica|date=8 August 2024 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Pakistan}} |Allama Muhammad Iqbal |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/poet/muhammad-allama-iqbal|title=Muhammad Allama Iqbal|website=Poets.org}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Palestine}} |Mahmoud Darwish |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/3/13/remembering-mahmoud-darwish-the-poetic-voice-of-palestine|title='The war will end': Remembering Mahmoud Darwish, Palestine's poetic voice|first=Indlieb Farazi|last=Saber|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Philippines}} |Francisco Balagtas |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bulacan.gov.ph/general-info/francisco-balagtas/|title=Francisco "Baltazar" Balagtas – Provincial Government of Bulacan|website=bulacan.gov.ph}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sri Lanka}} |Parakrama Kodituwakku |<ref>''Beyond Borders: An Anthology of SAARC Poetry''. (2002). India: Academy of Fine Arts and Literature and Rainbow Publishers.</ref> |- |{{flag|Syria}} | Nizar Qabbani |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0272.xml|title=Nizar Qabbani|website=obo}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Taiwan}} |Yang Mu, Yu Youren |<ref>Wong, L. L. (2009:170). ''Rays of the Searching Sun: The Transcultural Poetics of Yang Mu''. Austria: P.I.E. Peter Lang.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dokumen.pub/politics-and-cultural-nativism-in-1970s-taiwan-youth-narrative-nationalism-9780231553667.html|title=Politics and Cultural Nativism in 1970s Taiwan: Youth, Narrative, Nationalism 9780231553667|website=dokumen.pub}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tajikistan}} | Sadriddin Ayni, Bozor Sobir, Mirzo Tursunzoda Rudaki, Rumi, Gulnazar Keldi |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medt.tj/en/tourism/sultural-heritage/1557-sadriddin-ayni|title=Sadriddin Ayni|website=medt.tj}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.advantour.com/tajikistan/culture/literature.htm|title=Tajik Literature and Poetry|website=Advantour}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudaki|title=Rūdakī: Classical Poet, Persian Language, 9th Century|date=4 April 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.irna.ir/news/84728271/Renowned-Iranian-poet-Saadi-commemorated-in-Tajikistan | title=Renowned Iranian poet Saadi commemorated in Tajikistan | date=22 April 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://tajmedun.tj/en/news/university/jalaliddin-rumi-poetry-and-wisdom-beyond-time/ | title=Jalaliddin Rumi - Poetry and Wisdom Beyond Time }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ecieco.org/en/news/5329/On-the-Demise-of-Gulnazar-Keldi | title=On the Demise of Gulnazar Keldi }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Thailand}} | Sunthorn Phu |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://structomagazine.co.uk/poems-from-the-buddhas-footprint-a-conversation-with-anothai-kaewkaen/|title=Poems from the Buddha's Footprint: A Conversation with Noh Anothai|website=Structo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://agape-editions.com/2016/10/10/midwest-monkey-reading-sunthorn-phu/|title=MIDWEST MONKEY: Reading Sunthorn Phu|date=10 October 2016}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tibet}} |Tsering Woeser |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culanth.org/fieldsights/the-work-of-art-in-the-age-of-self-immolation-1|title=The Work of Art in the Age of Self-Immolation|first=Leigh|last=Sangster|date=8 April 2012|website=Society for Cultural Anthropology}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Turkey}} |Rumi, Nâzım Hikmet, Ziya Gökalp, Mehmet Âkif Ersoy |<ref name="auto3"/><ref>{{cite web | url=https://theculturetrip.com/europe/turkey/articles/ziya-g-kalp-turkey-s-national-poet-and-the-father-of-turkish-nationalism | title=Ziya Gkalp: Turkeys National Poet and the Father of Turkish Nationalism | date=6 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lightmillennium.org/winter_02/jmardin_nhikmet.html|title=NAZIM HIKMET National Poet, International Figure But Not A Turkish Citizen |author=Julie MARDIN|website=Light Millennium}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/writer-of-turkish-national-anthem-commemorated-161188|title=Writer of Turkish national anthem commemorated|date=28 December 2020|website=Hürriyet Daily News}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Turkmenistan}} |Magtymguly Pyragy |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://daryo.uz/en/2023/03/06/giant-statue-of-national-poet-magtymguly-installed-in-ashgabat|title=Giant statue of national poet Magtymguly installed in Ashgabat|date=3 June 2023|website=Daryo}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Uzbekistan}} |Ali-Shir Nava'i, Abdulla Oripov, Erkin Vohidov, Gʻafur Gʻulom, Mirtemir |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyo.in/lifestyle/lord-ram-ramayana-hindu-mythology-tulsidas-valmiki-2910|title=Why Lord Ram is the most misunderstood man in India|website=Dailyo}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Vietnam}} |Nguyễn Du, Nguyễn Đình Chiểu, Hồ Xuân Hương |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goethe.de/ins/vn/en/ver.cfm?event_id=21884135|title=Discussion: Commemorating Nguyễn Du - Goethe-Institut Vietnam|website=@GI_weltweit}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/life-style/1255111/unesco-celebration-held-for-200th-birthday-of-famed-vietnamese-poet.html|title=UNESCO celebration held for 200th birthday of famed Vietnamese poet|website=vietnamnews.vn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/vi/node/3314|title=SELECTED WORKS OF HỒ XUÂN HƯƠNG READ AT LIBRARY OF CONGRESS |website=Đại sứ quán Việt Nam tại Hoa Kỳ}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Yemen}} |Abdullah Al-Baradouni, Waddah al-Yaman |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|title=British-Yemeni Society: Waddah al-Yaman: national poet, by Abdulla al-Udhari|website=al-bab.com|access-date=19 April 2024|archive-date=27 November 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127182326/https://al-bab.com/albab-orig/albab/bys/articles/waddah96.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/6/28/poet-threa-almontasers-love-letter-to-yemen|title=Poet Threa Almontaser's 'love letter to Yemen'|first=Abubakr|last=Al-Shamahi|website=Al Jazeera}}</ref> |}

==Europe== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country (or&nbsp;region) !Poet !{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Albania}} | Gjergj Fishta, Naim Frashëri |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/fishta/index.html|title=Gjergj FISHTA|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.albanianliterature.net/authors/classical/frasheri/index.html|title=Naim FRASHËRI|website=Albanian Literature}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Abkhazia}} | Dmitry Gulia |<ref>{{cite web|title=The pioneer in everything and the patriarch of Abkhaz literature: about Dmitry Gulia|url=https://abaza.org/en/the-pioneer-in-everything-and-the-patriarch-of-abkhaz-literature-about-dmitry-gulia|website=World Abaza Congress}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Armenia}} |Hovhannes Tumanyan, Sayat-Nova, Yeghishe Charents |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.port-magazine.com/film/the-colour-of-pomegranates/|title=The Colour Of Pomegranates|date=6 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://asbarez.com/first-english-collection-of-studies-on-yeghishe-charents/|title=First English Collection of Studies on Yeghishe Charents – Asbarez.com|date=5 March 2004 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Hovhannes-Toumanian|title=Hovhannes Toumanian - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Austria}} | Franz Grillparzer, Johann Nepomuk Nestroy, Georg Trakl, Rainer Maria Rilke |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://allpoetry.com/Franz-Grillparzer|title=Franz Grillparzer - Poems by the Famous Poet - All Poetry|website=allpoetry.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Yates |first1=W. E. |title=Review of Grillparzers Welttheater: Modernität und Tradition |journal=Austrian Studies |date=2014 |volume=22 |pages=215–217 |doi=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 |jstor=10.5699/austrianstudies.22.2014.0215 }}</ref><ref>''Austria today''.&nbsp;(1984:7).&nbsp;Austria:&nbsp;Austria Today Limited.</ref> |- |{{flag|Azerbaijan}} |Nizami Ganjavi, Fuzûlî, Imadaddin Nasimi, Samad Vurgun |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://regionplus.az/en/articles/view/7386|title="MANUSCRIPTS DO NOT BURN"|website=Region Plus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.azernews.az/culture/148305.html|title=Exhibition dedicated to Nasimi opens in capital|date=4 April 2019|website=Azernews.Az}}</ref><ref>Samad Vurgun</ref> |- |{{flag|Bashkortostan}} | Rami Garipov, Mustai Karim |<ref>{{cite web|title=A unique website of the national poet Rami Garipov was created in Bashkortostan|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/news/a-unique-website-of-the-national-poet-rami-garipov-was-created-in-bashkortostan|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Карим Мустай|url=https://kulturarb.ru/en/persony/karim-mustaj|website=The Cultural World of Bashkortostan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Mustay KARIM about Tukay…|url=http://gabdullatukay.ru/eng/about-tukay/mustay-karim-about-tukay/|website=Gabdulla Tukay}}</ref> |- |{{Flag|Basque Country}} |Bernard Etxepare |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Toledo Lezeta |first=Ana María |title="Linguae Vasconum Primitiae, bi partetan banaturik" |date=2008 |publisher=Jean Haritschelhar-i omenaldia |pages=625–644}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Belarus}} | Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas |<ref>Martin,&nbsp;T.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;(2001:436).&nbsp;''The Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939''.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Cornell University Press.</ref><ref>''Tourist Mosaic of Belarus''.&nbsp;(2017:480).&nbsp;Russia:&nbsp;ЛитРес.</ref> |- |{{flag|Belgium}} | Emile Verhaeren, Maurice Maeterlinck |<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-low-countries.com/article/%C3%A9mile-verhaeren.-the-only-national-poet-belgium-has-ever-had-1|title=Émile Verhaeren. The Only National Poet Belgium Has Ever Had|website=the low countries}}</ref><ref>''Cultures in Flux: Lower-Class Values, Practices, and Resistance in Late Imperial Russia''.&nbsp;(1994:140).&nbsp;Ukraine:&nbsp;Princeton University Press.</ref> |- |{{flag|Catalonia}} (Catalan Countries) | Ausiàs March, Jacint Verdaguer |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visat.cat/traduccions-literatura-catalana/cat/autor/8/ausias-march.html|title=Ausiàs March|website=Visat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40424388|title=Jacint Verdaguer, national poet of Catalonia}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chechnya}} | Abuzar Aydamirov |<ref>{{cite web|title=Abuzar Aydamirov|url=https://www.waynakh.com/eng/2009/06/abuzar-aydamirov/ |website=Waynakh Online}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}} |Abdulah Sidran, Mak Dizdar, Izet Sarajlić |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/arts-culture/2019/02/21/homage-to-bosnian-national-poet|title=Homage to Bosnian national poet|date=21 February 2019|website=Daily Sabah}}</ref><ref>Mahmutćehajić,&nbsp;R.&nbsp;(2015).&nbsp;''The Praised and the Virgin''.&nbsp;Netherlands:&nbsp;Brill.</ref> |- |{{Flag|Brittany}} |Théodore Claude Henri, vicomte Hersart de la Villemarqué |<ref>{{Cite book |author1=Paul Brennan |author2=Michael O'Dea|title=Entrelacs franco-irlandais, langue, mémoire, imaginaire |date=2004 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Caen |pages=81}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Bulgaria}} | Hristo Botev, Ivan Vazov |<ref>[http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm Hristo Botev’s birth anniversary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927235244/http://www.bnr.bg/RadioBulgaria/Emission_English/Theme_History_And_Religion/Material/botevnov.htm |date=2007-09-27 }}, Radio Bulgaria History and Religion, posted January 6, 2007, updated on January 12, 2007, accessed 9 March 2007</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Grogan |first1=Ellinor |title=Ivan Vazov |journal=The Slavonic Review |date=1922 |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=225–227 |jstor=4201601 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Carpathian Ruthenia}} | Alexander Dukhnovych |<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4212145 | jstor=4212145 | last1=Rusinko | first1=Elaine | title=Between Russia and Hungary: Foundations of Literature and National Identity in Subcarpathian Rus' | journal=The Slavonic and East European Review | date=10 May 1996 | volume=74 | issue=3 | pages=421–444 }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Croatia}} | Marko Marulić, Ivan Gundulić |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cityseeker.com/split/653273-marko-maruli%C4%87-statue|title=Marko Marulić Statue, Split|website=cityseeker}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cyprus}} | Vasilis Michaelides |<ref>Ioannides,&nbsp;C.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;(2018:12).&nbsp;''Cyprus Under British Colonial Rule: Culture, Politics, and the Movement Toward Union with Greece, 1878–1954''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Lexington Books.</ref> |- |{{flag|Czech Republic}} (Czech lands) | Karel Hynek Mácha, Jan Neruda |<ref name="auto">{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004335400 |title=National Poets, Cultural Saints: Canonization and Commemorative Cults of Writers in Europe |date=2017 |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |last2=Helgason |first2=Jón Karl |isbn=978-90-04-33539-4 |page=63 }}</ref><ref>Salcman,&nbsp;M.&nbsp;(2016:90).&nbsp;''A Prague Spring, Before & After''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Evening Street Press.</ref> |- |{{flag|Dagestan}} | Rasul Gamzatov, Suleyman Stalsky |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.slavfond.eu/1616-september-8-marks-the-100th-anniversary-of-the-birth-of-the-peoples-poet-of-dagestan-rasul-gamzatov.html|title=September 8 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of the people's poet of Dagestan Rasul Gamzatov|website=slavfond.eu}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Denmark}} | Adam Oehlenschläger, Hans Christian Andersen, Søren Kierkegaard, N. F. S. Grundtvig |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adam-Gottlob-Oehlenschlager|title=Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger: Danish Poet, Playwright & Novelist|date=16 January 2024|website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pookpress.co.uk/project/hans-christian-andersen-biography/|title=Hans Christian Andersen: His Life and Works}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/benign-structures-the-worldview-of-danish-national-poet-pastor-an|title=Benign Structures: 7th Conference Digital Humanities in the Nordic and Baltic Countries|first1=Katrine Frøkjær|last1=Baunvig|first2=Kristoffer Laigaard|last2=Nielbo|editor-first1=Sofie|editor-last1=Gilbert|editor-first2=Annika|editor-last2=Rockenberger|date=12 March 2023|journal=Book of Abstracts|pages=9–11|via=Aarhus University}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Faroe Islands}} | William Heinesen, Nólsoyar Páll, Mikkjal á Ryggi |<ref>Cadence.&nbsp;(1984:60).&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;B. Rusch.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Dović |first1=Marijan |title=National Poets and Romantic (Be)Longing: An Introduction |journal=Arcadia |date=24 May 2017 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1515/arcadia-2017-0001 |s2cid=193047993 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://catchynomads.com/wandering-the-faroe-islands/|title=Wandering The Faroe Islands|date=14 February 2021}}</ref> |- |{{flag|England}} | Geoffrey Chaucer, William Shakespeare, William Blake, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, W. H. 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The Dwelling of the Poet and the Place-Making of the River |journal=Synthesis Philosophica |date=29 December 2022 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=395–414 |doi=10.21464/sp37207 }}</ref><ref>Decker,&nbsp;G.&nbsp;(2018:157).&nbsp;''Hesse: The Wanderer and His Shadow''.&nbsp;United States:&nbsp;Harvard University Press.</ref> |- |{{flag|Greece}} | Homer, Sappho, Pindar, Solon, Dionysios Solomos, Odysseus Elytis |<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Homer}}</ref><ref>''Pindar: Victory Odes: Olympians 2, 7 and 11; Nemean 4; Isthmians 3, 4 and 7''.&nbsp;(1995:109).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greekreporter.com/2025/02/09/dionysios-solomos-greek-poet/|title=Dionysios Solomos: The Greek Poet of Liberty|first=Tasos|last=Kokkinidis|date=9 February 2025}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Guernsey}} | George Métivier |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://history.gg/guernsey-poet-george-metivier/|title=Guernsey poet George Métivier is born|date=29 January 1972}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Hungary}} | Sándor Petőfi, János Arany |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://studyinhungary.hu/blog/sandor-petofi-the-revolutionary-poet-was-born-200-years-ago|title=Sándor Petőfi, the revolutionary poet was born 200 years ago - Study In Hungary|website=Study in Hungary}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://mek.oszk.hu/02000/02042/html/27.html | title=János Arany }}</ref> |- |{{flag|Iceland}} | Jónas Hallgrímsson, Hallgrímur Pétursson |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/Jonas/Biography/Biography.1.html|title=Biographical Sketch of Jónas Hallgrímsson (1)|website=digicoll.library.wisc.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sigurdurarni.is/2020/03/27/hymns-of-the-passion-the-suffering-king/|title=Hymns of the Passion – The Suffering King|first=Sigurður Árni|last=Þórðarson|date=27 March 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ireland}} | Thomas Moore, William Butler Yeats, Seamus Heaney, Patrick Pearse |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/declan-kiberd-irish-writers-were-an-early-warning-system-about-abuse-1.3260748|title=Declan Kiberd: Irish writers were an early warning system about abuse|newspaper=The Irish Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jdaa2urIpEC&q=%22national+poet%22&pg=PA55|title=Catholic Emancipations: Irish Fiction from Thomas Moore to James Joyce|first=Emer|last=Nolan|date=October 15, 2007|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=9780815631750 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781107045330 |title=Irish Poetry under the Union, 1801–1924 |date=2013 |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |isbn=978-1-107-04533-0 |page=142 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://independentleft.ie/seamus-heaney-political-poems/|title=Did Seamus Heaney write political poems?|first=Ciarán|last=O'Rourke|date=October 10, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4KiEAAAQBAJ&q=%22National+poet%22%22+&pg=PT57|title=Seamus Heaney's American Odyssey|first=Edward J.|last=O’Shea|date=December 30, 2022|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781000816648 |via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Patrick Pearse: Biography & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Patrick-Henry-Pearse |access-date=2024-03-24 |website= Britannica |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Isle of Man}} | T. 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History |series=CEUP collection |date=12 March 2009|publisher=Central European University Press|pages=273–305|isbn=978-615-5211-66-9 |via=OpenEdition Books}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovakia}} | Pavol Országh Hviezdoslav |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.asymptotejournal.com/blog/writer/pavol-orszagh-hviezdoslav/|title=Pavol Országh-Hviezdoslav – Writer(s) – Asymptote Blog}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Slovenia}} | France Prešeren |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/France-Preseren|title=France Prešeren: Slovenia's National Poet|date=4 February 2024|website= Britannica}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Spain}} | Miguel de Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Federico García Lorca |<ref name="Esterhammer"/><ref>''Commemorating Writers in Nineteenth-Century Europe: Nation-Building and Centenary Fever''.&nbsp;(2014).&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Palgrave Macmillan.</ref> |- |{{flag|Styria}} | Peter Rosegger |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/47533/47533-h/47533-h.htm|title=The Forest Farm, by Peter Roseggerl|website= Project Gutenberg}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Sweden}} | Carl Michael Bellman, Gustaf Fröding, Verner von Heidenstam, Esaias Tegnér |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/carl-michael-bellman/|title=Carl Michael Bellman|website=Anglo-Swedish Society |date=28 June 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.angloswedishsociety.org.uk/an-evening-with-gustaf-froding/|title=An Evening with Gustaf Fröding|website=Anglo-Swedish Society|date=26 February 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518184520/http://luckerstad.se/en/our-rooms/verner-von-heidenstam-36493964 |archive-date=18 May 2022 |title=Verner von Heidenstam room |access-date=12 March 2024 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|chapter-url=https://ernie.uva.nl/viewer.p/21/56/object/131-159107|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Romantic Nationalism in Europe|entry=Tegnér, Esaias|last=Hermansson|first=Gunilla |date=2018 |doi=10.5117/9789462981188/ngTA0P76gTqL0EgkMUsPdAsd|isbn=978-94-6298-118-8 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Switzerland}} | Gottfried Keller, Carl Spitteler |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hotelfelix.ch/konzeption-und-kunst/Beltracchi.ch/home-en.html|title=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi|website=Hotel Felix Zürich – Wolfgang Beltracchi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/literature-and-arts/miscellaneous-european-literature-biographies/carl-friedrich-georg-spitteler|title=Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler|website= Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tatarstan}} | Ğabdulla Tuqay, Musa Cälil, Ravil Fayzullin, {{Ill|Fänis Yarullin|tt|Фәнис Яруллин}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Tatar Leaders and Icons: The Top 10 Notable Personalities|url=https://www.ulastempat.com/international/tatar-leaders-and-icons-the-top-10-notable-personalities/|website=Ulastempat International|date=23 January 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Museum of national poet Ravil Fayzullin opens in Tatarstan|url=https://tatar-congress.org/en/news/museum-of-national-poet-ravil-fayzullin-opens-in-tatarstan/|website=World Congress of the Tatars}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Museum of poet Yarullin Fanis, Russia |url=https://partify.io/the-museum-of-poet-yarullin-fanis|website=pArtify}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Icon "Monument to Musa Jalil"|url=https://www.prlib.ru/en/node/333907}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Turkey}} | Yunus Emre, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Nâzım Hikmet |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/mehmet-akif-ersoy-poet-of-turkish-national-anthem/1350125|title=Mehmet Akif Ersoy: Poet of Turkish national anthem|website=Anadolu Ajansi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/human-landscapes-my-country|title=Human Landscapes from My Country|website=Encyclopedia.com}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ukraine}} | Lesya Ukrainka, Taras Shevchenko, Ivan Franko |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shevchenko.ca/taras-shevchenko/article.cfm?article=1|title=Articles & Essays|website= Taras Shevchenko Museum - Toronto}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sculpturecenter.org/oosi/items/show/1044|title=Ivan Franko|website=Ohio Outdoor Sculpture}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://culture.pl/en/article/ukrainian-money-polish-literature-who-was-lesya-ukrainka|title=Ukrainian Money & Polish Literature: Who Was Lesya Ukrainka?|website=Culture.pl}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Wales}} | Dylan Thomas, Dafydd ap Gwilym |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lithub.com/the-canonization-of-dylan-thomas/|title=The Canonization of Dylan Thomas|first=Bernard|last=Schwartz|date=15 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1sv8mgEACAAJ|title=Dafydd ap Gwilym: y gŵr sydd yn ei gerddi|first=Gwyn|last=Thomas|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Cyhoeddiadau Barddas|isbn=978-1-906396-57-2 |via=Google Books}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=January 2026}} |}

== North America == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country or Territory !Poets !{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Barbados}} |Kamau Brathwaite |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/|title='A Towering Figure': Tribute to Kamau Brathwaite (1930-2020)|newspaper=Wasafiri Magazine|archive-date=26 March 2023|access-date=1 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326115647/https://www.wasafiri.org/article/a-towering-figure-tribute-to-kamau-brathwaite-1930-2020/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Canada}} | Margaret Atwood, E. Pauline Johnson, E. J. Pratt, Al Purdy, Milton Acorn |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca/dominion/2|title=E.J. Pratt: Canada's National Poet · Dominion of the North: Literary & Print Culture in Canada|website=omeka.vicu.utoronto.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://abcbookworld.com/writer/purdy-al/|title=Purdy, Al|website=ABC BookWorld}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://canpoetry.library.utoronto.ca/acorn/index.htm|title=Milton Acorn|website=Canadian Poetry Online}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Costa Rica}} |Aquileo J. Echeverría, Jorge Debravo |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thecostaricanews.com/meritorious-of-the-letters-patrias-aquileo-j-echeverria-zeledon/|title=Renowned Tico Writer Aquileo J. Echeverría Zeledón|work=TCRN|date=22 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ticotimes.net/2012/04/25/u-s-woman-to-translate-and-publish-costa-rica-poetry|title=U.S. woman to translate and publish Costa Rica poetry|date=26 April 2012}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Cuba}} |José Martí, Lezama Lima, Agustín Acosta (1955), Nicolás Guillén (1961), Nancy Morejón (2018) |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jose-Lezama-Lima|title=José Lezama Lima: Cuban author|website=Britannica|date=21 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Agustín Acosta papers, 1908-1998 |url=https://researchworks.oclc.org/archivegrid/collection/data/1041153754 |access-date=2024-09-18 |website=researchworks.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/nicolas-guillen|title=Nicolás Guillén|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Méndez-Méndez |first1=Serafín |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wubEEAAAQBAJ |title=Notable Caribbeans and Caribbean Americans: A Biographical Dictionary |last2=Cueto |first2=Gail |date=2003-07-30 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-0-313-09320-3 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Carrillo |first=Karen Juanita |date=2024-05-16 |title=Cuban poet and critic Nancy Morejón visits New York City |url=https://amsterdamnews.com/news/2024/05/16/cuban-poet-and-critic-nancy-morejon-visits-new-york-city/ |access-date=2024-09-05 |website=New York Amsterdam News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |''{{flag|Curaçao}}'' |Pierre Lauffer |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailyherald.sx/islands/amsterdam-streets-named-after-camille-baly-enslaved-quashiba/|title=Amsterdam streets named after Camille Baly, enslaved Quashiba|date=3 August 2019|website=The Daily Herald}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Dominican Republic}} |Pedro Mir |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/nation-world/2000/07/12/pedro-mir-poetic-voice-dominican/50477917007/|title=Pedro Mir, poetic voice of Dominican Republic|website=New Bedford Standard-Times}}</ref> |- |{{flag|El Salvador}} |Roque Dalton |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://revista.drclas.harvard.edu/roque-dalton/|title=Roque Dalton|first=James|last=Iffland|website=ReVista}}</ref> |- |''{{flag|Greenland}}'' |Henning Jakob Henrik Lund |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indigenousamericacalendar.org/2020/09/29/september-29-1875/|title=September 29, 1875|date=29 September 2020}}</ref> |- |''{{flag|Guadeloupe}}'' |Guy Tirolien |<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=COFrAAAAMAAJ |title=Expression magazine |date=1988 |language=fr}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Guatemala}} |Rafael Landívar |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/rafael-landival-monument-34352.html|title=Rafael Landival Monument in Antigua, Guatemala|website=GPSmyCity}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Haiti}} |Oswald Durand |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ncis.academia.edu/AmyLynelle|title=Amy Lynelle|website=National Coalition of Independent Scholars}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Honduras}} |Roberto Sosa |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thelatinoauthor.com/countries/poetry/honduran-poets-2/|title=Honduran poets|work=The Latino Author}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Jamaica}} |Claude McKay |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brinkerhoffpoetry.org/poets/claude-mckay|title=Claude McKay|website=Brinkerhoff Poetry}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Martinique}} |Aimé Césaire |<ref>Bate,&nbsp;J.&nbsp;(2013).&nbsp;The Genius of Shakespeare.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;Pan Macmillan.</ref><ref>{{Cite web | title=My Scottish Travelogue |work=British Council | url=https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101234634/https://caribbean.britishcouncil.org/programmes/arts/momentum/johana-auguiac/scottish-travelogue | access-date=2025-05-13 | archive-date=2017-11-01}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Mexico}} |Octavio Paz, Ramón López Velarde, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mexicocity.cdmx.gob.mx/venues/poeta-ramon-lopez-velarde-house-museum/|title=Casa del Poeta Ramon López Velarde: A Poet's House in Roma Norte|work=Agencia Digital de Innovación Pública}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Nicaragua}} |Rubén Darío |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Neville |first=Tim |date=2017-11-27 |title=The Inescapable Poet of Nicaragua |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/27/travel/nicaragua-dario-poet.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Panama}} |Ricardo Miró |<ref name= bio>{{cite book |first= Mike |last= Daniel Balderston |title= Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature, 1900-2003 |publisher= Routledge |year= 2004 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=gamNThQUZvEC&q=ricardo+mir%C3%B3+poet&pg=PA356 |isbn= 0-415-30687-6 |page= 666}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hackwriters.com/DrBuitrago.htm|title=hackwriters.com - Ruben Dario, Nicaragua's poet of vision, the cultural invasion of Central America and remains of a Central American dreams of renewal, Roger Smith explores Leon|website=Hack Writers}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Puerto Rico}} |Julia de Burgos, Giannina Braschi, Juan Antonio Corretjer, Lola Rodríguez de Tió, Nimia Vicéns |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/02/obituaries/overlooked-julia-de-burgos.html|title=Overlooked No More: Julia de Burgos, a Poet Who Helped Shape Puerto Rico's Identity (Published 2018)|work=The New York Times |date=May 3, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Tió|first=Elsa|date=2020-08-12|title=Nimia Vicéns: Corazón de la patria con semillas silvestres en sus versos|language=es|trans-title=Nimia Vicéns: Heart of the country with wild seeds in her verses|work=El Adoquín Times|url=https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204025120/https://eladoquintimes.com/2020/08/12/nimia-vicens-corazon-de-la-patria-con-semillas-silvestres-en-sus-versos/|archive-date=2021-02-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Rojas|first=Enrique|date=2015-02-02|title=Cuba y Puerto Rico tienen la presión|language=es|trans-title=Cuba and Puerto Rico Have the Pressure|work=ESPN Deportes.com|url=https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|access-date=2021-10-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009002219/https://espndeportes.espn.com/blogs/index?entryID=2289780&name=enrique_rojas&redirected=true|archive-date=2021-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=García|first=Marta Yazmín|date=2008-11-07|title=Alabanza al poeta nacional|trans-title=Praise to the national poet|url=https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910084201/https://www.uprm.edu/news/articles/as2008168.html|archive-date=2015-09-10|access-date=2021-10-08|website=University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez|language=es}}</ref><ref>Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi. Pittsburgh, 2020. {{ISBN|9780822946182}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Quebec}} |Émile Nelligan, Gaston Miron, Gilles Vigneault, Octave Crémazie |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biographie / Hommage à Émile Nelligan, poète national des Québécois |url=https://manuscritdepot.com/a.emile-nelligan.01.htm |access-date=26 June 2024 |website=Fondation littéraire Fleur de Lys}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=1978-04-02 |title=Gaston Miron, Poetic Voice of Quebec Nationalism |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/02/archives/gaston-miron-poetic-voice-of-quebec-nationalism-key-word-is-quebec.html |access-date=2024-02-13 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Sabourin |first=Éric |date=18 October 2018 |title=Gilles Vigneault en récital : le poète qui dansait chante encore et conseille son public de vivre d'une confiante sérénité |url=https://lesartsze.com/gilles-vigneault-en-recital-le-poete-qui-dansait-chante-encore-et-conseille-son-public-de-vivre-dune-confiante-serenite/ |access-date=26 June 2024 |work=Les ArtsZé |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Crémazie, Octave National Historic Person |url=https://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/dfhd/page_nhs_eng.aspx?id=1352 |website=PC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://artpublicmontreal.ca/en/oeuvre/monument-a-louis-octave-cremazie/|title=Monument à Louis-Octave Crémazie|website=Art Public Montréal}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Saint Lucia}} |Derek Walcott |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/23/books/review/the-poetry-of-derek-walcott-1948-2013.html|title=Poet of the Caribbean (Published 2014)|first=Teju|last=Cole|work=The New York Times |date=February 21, 2014|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> |- |''{{flag|Sint Maarten}}'' |Lasana M. Sekou |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/art-leisure/20181230/lasana-m-sekou-paths-love-labour-liberation|title=Lasana M. Sekou - Paths of Love, Labour, Liberation|date=30 December 2018|website=jamaica-gleaner.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sxm-talks.com/the-daily-herald/national-poet-of-st-maarten-honoured-with-anniversary-show-the-daily-herald/|title='National poet' of St. Maarten honoured with anniversary show |publisher=The Daily Herald |website=SXM Talks|date=3 December 2018}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Trinidad and Tobago}} |E. M. Roach |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramcharitar |first=Raymond |title=Poetry and nationalism |url=https://www.guardian.co.tt/article-6.2.430584.855921dec0 |access-date=2024-10-31 |website=The Guardian: Trinidad and Tobago |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|United States}} |Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Carl Sandburg, Maya Angelou, Gwendolyn Brooks, Langston Hughes, Jack Kerouac, James Wright, Allen Ginsberg |<ref name="ijas.iaas.ie">Nathanael O'Reilly, "[http://ijas.iaas.ie/index.php/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of 'Leaves of Grass{{'-}}]", ''Irish Journal of American Studies''.</ref><ref name="O'Reilly">{{cite journal |last1=O'Reilly |first1=Nathanael |title=Imagined America: Walt Whitman's Nationalism in the First Edition of Leaves of Grass |journal=Irish Journal of American Studies |date=2009 |volume=1 |pages=1–9 |url=http://ijas.iaas.ie/imagined-america-walt-whitmans-nationalism-in-the-first-edition-of-leaves-of-grass/ |access-date=October 11, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/authors/did-recluse-emily-dickinson-become-americas-national-poet/|title=How did recluse Emily Dickinson become America's national poet?|first=Charlotte|last=Runcie|newspaper=The Telegraph |date=5 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://smithsonianassociates.org/ticketing/tickets/celebrating-robert-frost-american-poet|title=Celebrating Robert Frost: An American Poet|website=smithsonianassociates.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://blackvoicenews.com/2016/03/08/celebrating-maya-angelou-in-the-face-of-conservative-criticism/|title=Celebrating Maya Angelou in the Face of Conservative Criticism|first=S. E.|last=Williams|date=8 March 2016|website=Black Voice News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/gwendolyn-brooks|title=Gwendolyn Brooks|date=December 25, 2020|website=Poetry Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://poets.org/our-national-poets|title=Our National Poets|website=Poets.org}}</ref><ref>Cusic,&nbsp;D.&nbsp;(1991:82).&nbsp;The poet as performer.&nbsp;United Kingdom:&nbsp;University Press of America.</ref> |}

==Oceania== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country !Poets |{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Australia}} |Dorothea Mackellar, Mary Gilmore, Judith Wright, Henry Lawson, Adam Lindsay Gordon, A. B. "Banjo" Paterson, C.J. Dennis |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/from-the-archives-1922-henry-lawson-australia-s-poet-of-the-bush-dies-20220814-p5b9qo.html|title=From the Archives, 1922: Henry Lawson, Australia's poet of the bush, dies|author=Staff Writers|date=1 September 2022|website=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adamlindsaygordon.org/gordons-works/|title=Gordon's Poems}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/node/43609|title="Banjo" Patterson, Australian poet and author of "Waltzing Mathilda" is born in the New South Wales outback |website=House Divided}}</ref> |- |{{flag|New Zealand}} |James K. Baxter, Thomas Bracken, Allen Curnow |<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://ojs.victoria.ac.nz/kotare/article/download/700/511/606 | title=Thomas Bracken, 1843 – 1898 | author=Paul Hunt}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Tonga}} |Konai Helu Thaman |<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hereniko |first1=Vilsoni |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5uMnqE9fZQC |title=Inside Out: Literature, Cultural Politics, and Identity in the New Pacific |last2=Wilson |first2=Rob |date=1999 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-0-8476-9143-2 |language=en}}</ref> |}

==South America== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !Country !Poets !{{Refh}} |- |{{flag|Argentina}} |José Hernández, Jorge Luis Borges, Leopoldo Lugones |<ref>James Woodall, ''Borges: A Life'', Basic Books (1996). {{ISBN|0-465-04361-5}}. Relevant excerpt [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/w/woodall-borges.html available] on the ''New York Times'' web site, accessed 9 March 2007.</ref> |- |{{flag|Bolivia}} |Rosendo Villalobos |<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PIiT234E6z8C |title=Bulletin of the Pan American Union |date=1929 |publisher=The Union |language=en}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Brazil}} |Gonçalves Dias, Olavo Bilac, Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Machado de Assis |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Goncalves-Dias|title=Antônio Gonçalves Dias: Romanticism, Indigenous Peoples, Lyrical Poetry|website=Britannica|date=6 March 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Olavo Bilac: Biography and Poems|work=Brazilian Poetry|url=https://www.brazilianpoetry.com/2021/05/olavo-bilac-biography-and-poems.html|access-date=2021-05-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/nov/13/carlos-drummond-de-andrade-brazil-poet|title=What now for Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Brazil's national poet?|first=Ángel|last=Gurría-Quintana|date=13 November 2012|newspaper=The Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.afroriowalkingtour.com/joaquim-maria-machado-de-assis|title=Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis|website=Afro-Rio Walking Tour}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Chile}} |Pablo Neruda, Gabriela Mistral |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/gabriela-mistral|title=Gabriela Mistral|website=National Women's History Museum}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dev-lts.web.lehigh.edu/|title=-Pablo Neruda · 40. Whitman @ 200 · Lehigh Library Exhibits|website=Library & Technology Services @ Lehigh University}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Colombia}} |Rafael Pombo, José Asunción Silva, Álvaro Mutis |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.colombiaone.com/2023/09/22/rafael-pombo-poet-colombia/|title=Rafael Pombo: The Immortal Poet of Colombian Children's Literature|first=Luis|last=Ospino|date=22 September 2023|website=Colombia One: News from Colombia and the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://erm.yale.edu/people/david-francis|title=David Francis, Residential College Dean - Grace Hopper College |website=Ethnicity, Race, and Migration}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Ecuador}} |José Joaquín de Olmedo, Remigio Crespo Toral |<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henderson |first=Peter V. N. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f8hmmuVa7zUC |title=Gabriel García Moreno and Conservative State Formation in the Andes |date=2009-09-15 |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=978-0-292-77941-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecuadorianliterature.com/remigio-crespo-toral/|title=Remigio Crespo Toral - Ecuadorian Literature|date=28 October 2020}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Guyana}} |Martin Carter |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH/H00680X/1|title=GtR|website=gtr.ukri.org}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Peru}} |César Vallejo |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tarnmoor.com/2014/02/24/he-died-in-paris-after-all/|title=He Died in Paris After All|date=25 February 2014}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Suriname}} |Trefossa |<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://paramaribospan.blogspot.com/2009/09/seen-trefossa.html|title=Seen: Trefossa, by Ida Does}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Uruguay}} |Juan Zorrilla de San Martín |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/index.php/mastertalent/detail/103359/Zorrilla_de_San_Martn_Juan|title=Juan Zorrilla de San Martín|website=Discography of American Historical Recordings}}</ref> |- |{{flag|Venezuela}} | Andrés Eloy Blanco |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://translatingcuba.com/the-day-the-prisoners-are-freed-in-venezuela-14ymedio-carlos-alberto-montaner/|title=The Day the Prisoners Are Freed in Venezuela / 14ymedio, Carlos Alberto Montaner|date=10 January 2016|website=Translating Cuba}}</ref> |}

==See also==

* Poet laureate

==References== {{reflist}}

==Further reading== * Marcel Cornis-Pope and John Neubauer, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YINYl4iv4ecC&pg=PA11 Figures of National Poets]'' (2004) * Edward Whitley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9gk6Zff3J4kC American Bards: Walt Whitman and Other Unlikely Candidates for National Poet]'' (2010) * Michael Dobson, ''[https://archive.org/details/makingofnational00dobs The Making of the National Poet]'' (1992) * Josep R. Llobera, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yKgCPOXcuxEC&pg=PA38 Foundations of National Identity]'' (2004)

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